I. Examples
Shanghai Jingwei Urban Oasis, located in the North Qilian area of Baoshan District, is a large-scale ecological home base invested and built by Hong Kong real estate tycoon Jingwei Group, covering an area of about 1 square kilometer, with a total construction area of10.5 million square meters. Jingwei Urban Oasis is an international fashion community integrating planning, transportation, environment, culture, education, business circle, medical care, sports, intelligence and service, and won the Silver Award in Shanghai residential planning and design project selection in 2003.
In the face of solar installation obstacles of high-rise residents, Rilida has long been prepared. In terms of installation technology, Rilida Company adopts high-end U-tube split wall-mounted solar water heater, and the solar collector is separated from the water tank. The solar collector is installed outside the wall, and the water tank is placed indoors. Unique embedded design, installing an air conditioner on the outside of the back of the collector, thus achieving the purpose of dual use, not only saving space, but also turning rows of fashionable and beautiful solar collectors into architectural works of art and sun protection tools, just like blinds, realizing the perfect combination of solar energy and high-rise buildings; In terms of product quality and safety, Rilida's high-end U-tube split wall-mounted solar water heater has been adhering to Rilida's "high energy efficiency standard", which has many superior properties such as windproof, antifreeze, high thermal efficiency and balanced water temperature. No matter which floor you live on, you can enjoy hot water at home. In the combination with architecture, Rilida adopts personalized design according to the characteristics of more than 2,500 households. Only the customized vacuum tube length can reach 88 cm- 180 cm * *, reaching more than 20 specifications, and the number of personalized designs for a project is the highest in the solar energy industry. Most importantly, Rilida participated in the whole process of house design, and truly realized the perfect combination of solar energy and architecture.
In this large-scale solar energy collection project of Jingwei urban oasis in Shanghai, Rilida is committed to breaking through the technical problem of combining solar energy with high-rise buildings, perfecting the personalized scheme of solar energy design and installation, enhancing the added value of the project, and realizing the optimal combination of effect, quality and cost. This has important reference significance for the fine cooperation between solar energy and real estate industry in the future and the construction of modern energy-saving buildings.
Second, some problems that need to be considered when using solar hot water system in small high-rise residential buildings.
1. When choosing different schemes of solar hot water system, priority should be given to the reliable operation of the system, convenient management, auxiliary energy costs, cold and hot water costs and easy amortization of operating costs. , so that management is simple and convenient, easy for residents to accept, and there is no contradiction between the property and the residents.
2. How to solve the problem of users living in low floors using solar hot water should be considered.
3. When designing the solar energy system, the problem of insufficient solar hot water production in rainy days should be considered. In order to ensure the reliability of hot water supply, the system design should be equipped with an auxiliary heating system to ensure that users can supply hot water 24 hours a day or regularly.
4, the system should give priority to the use of solar energy to heat hot water, when the solar energy is insufficient, let auxiliary energy supplement heating. The purpose of making full use of solar energy and reducing the cost of auxiliary heating energy is realized.
5, solar hot water system should be reasonable, reliable and advanced; The operation of solar energy and auxiliary heating system should be fully automatic and intelligent; On the premise of ensuring the quality and effect of the project, reduce the project cost as much as possible and improve the cost performance of the system.
6. The layout and placement of solar hot water system should be coordinated with surrounding buildings, and convenient for daily use, maintenance and repair.
7. The design of solar hot water system should be synchronized with the design of building engineering. Pipes and embedded parts reserved for the installation of solar hot water system in the early stage should be in place to facilitate the installation of solar hot water system in the later stage.
Third, the solar hot water system scheme selection
In the design and installation of solar hot water system in small high-rise residential buildings, there are four main schemes to choose from. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these solutions respectively, and then make the best choice.
Solution (1) Install domestic solar water heater (single-family system) on the roof.
Advantages:
1, the solar energy of each household is independent of each other and does not affect each other;
2. During the operation, there is no charge management problem;
3. The system has the lowest investment, stable operation and mature technology.
4, the installation is simple and convenient
Disadvantages:
1, the solar energy of low-rise residents is affected by water pressure, which makes it inconvenient or even impossible to use;
2. Every household's solar energy is an independent system. No matter what kind of solar energy has problems, it must be repaired on the roof, so the frequency of maintenance upstairs is the highest, which is not convenient for roof management and maintenance;
3. It is inconvenient to place, and it is not easy to coordinate with the building, which affects the vision;
4. Each household has two pipelines, so there is too much space for laying pipelines;
5. Hot water resources can't be enjoyed, and there is uneven drought and flood in hot water resources.
Scheme (2) Install a split solar hot water system, with the heat collection unit installed on the balcony or south wall and the hot water storage tank placed indoors (household heat collection and household water storage system).
Advantages:
1, residents' solar energy is independent of each other and does not affect each other;
2. During the operation, there is no charge management problem;
3. Every household water tank can be placed in indoor convenient places, such as basement, computer room, bathroom, kitchen, balcony, attic, etc.
4. The system has high investment, stable operation and mature technology.
Disadvantages:
1, the installation of the heat collection unit should be safe and reliable, otherwise there will be security risks;
2. The effect of natural circulation is not ideal. The forced circulation of the water pump wastes electricity, and the water pump is noisy, which increases the control function.
3. The installation position of each household heat collection unit should be considered comprehensively, otherwise it will destroy the beautiful facade of the building. 、
4. Due to the inclination angle, the balcony lighting efficiency is low and the cost is high.
5. If there is a problem with the heat collection unit, it may be inconvenient to maintain, so it is necessary to use high-grade products.
6. Hot water resources can't be enjoyed, and there is uneven drought and flood in hot water resources.
Schematic diagram of household heat collection and household water storage system
Scheme (3) Install a solar hot water system with centralized water storage on the roof, and supply hot water to every household through pipelines (centralized heat collection and centralized water storage system).
Advantages:
1, can realize hot water resources * * *, not limited by floor height;
2. It is convenient for flexible layout according to the building conditions and can be coordinated with the building;
3, only one system, reliable operation, low maintenance rate upstairs, floor solar energy can be managed by property maintenance;
4. The system has the advantages of low investment, stable operation, low operation cost and mature technology.
Disadvantages:
1, the auxiliary energy consumption is affected by the weather, so it is not convenient to calculate the operation cost and expenses;
2. In operation, hot water needs to be charged; Improper charging standards will easily lead to contradictions between property and residents.
3. It is necessary to place a large hot water storage tank on the roof, and the bearing capacity of the roof should be considered in architectural design.
Scheme (4) Install a solar heat collection system with centralized heat collection on the roof, and transmit heat energy to the residents through pipelines to heat the heat storage water tank installed in the residents (i.e. centralized heat collection and household heat storage system).
Advantages:
1, each household uses its own hot water tank and auxiliary energy, and there is no charge problem;
2, the enjoyment of solar thermal energy resources can be realized without the limitation of floor height;
3. During the operation, there is no charge management problem;
4. There is only one system, which runs reliably and has a low maintenance rate upstairs. Property can be responsible for the maintenance and management of floor solar energy;
5. It can be flexibly laid out according to the building conditions of floors, and it is the easiest to achieve coordination with buildings;
6. The heat collection system is centrally placed on the roof, and each household's water storage tank is placed in a convenient location indoors.
Disadvantages:
1. For convenience, safety and reliability, a pressure-bearing heat storage tank with electric heating function should be adopted. Therefore, the cost of water tank is high, resulting in higher system cost.
2. In order to avoid the phenomenon of hot mixing among residents due to different temperatures of water storage tanks, the electrical control system should be specially designed.
Although the fourth scheme is expensive, it has outstanding advantages, and there is no need to consider the problems of water tank bearing, electric auxiliary heating reservation, line reservation, heating water circulation, hot water charging and so on. The unified installation of solar water heaters in small and high-rise residential buildings is the future development direction. Therefore, the solar hot water system used in small high-rise residential buildings should be designed according to scheme 4. If the investment of real estate developers is limited, the following methods can be adopted. This solution can make real estate developers invest less in solar energy than other solutions.
1. The centralized collection of solar energy and the pipeline leading to each household are funded by the developer, and the property right belongs to the developer for free use by residents.
2. Every household has the right to use solar heat source for free, but if users want to use solar energy, the hot water storage tank is purchased by each household.
The following is a solar hot water system with centralized heat collection and household water storage designed and installed by a real estate development company for a residential district in Hangzhou. Taking this system as an example, the design and implementation points are introduced in detail.
Fourthly, brief design.
4. 1 Design reference basis
(1) GB/T18713-2002 Technical specification for design, installation and engineering acceptance of solar hot water system.
(2) Technical Specification for the Application of Solar Hot Water System in Civil Buildings (GB50364-2005).
(3) Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage (GB500 15-2003).
(4) GB/T17581-1998 Vacuum tube solar collector
(5)GB/T 17049- 1997 All-glass vacuum solar collector tube.
(6)GB/T6424- 1997 "Technical Conditions of Solar Collector"
(7) Test method for thermal performance of GB 4301-84 solar collectors.
(8) GB/T15513-1995 "Evaluation Method for Secret Elastic Materials of Solar Water Heaters, Connecting Pipes and Their Accessories".
(9)GBJ 1788 Code for Design of Steel Structures
(10)GB/T 12936 solar thermal utilization terms
(1 1)GB50275 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Compressor, Fan and Pump Installation Engineering.
(13) user requirements