What is a harmonious society? As expressed in the decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), it is "the formation of a society in which all the people can make the best use of their abilities and get along harmoniously with each other". According to this definition, political scientists say from the perspective of political science: the harmonious society we want to build begins at the primary stage and is higher than the primary stage; it is a society with reasonable structure, standardized behavior and proper planning; it is a society with matching reforms, coordinated development and stable continuity; philosophers say from the philosophical perspective: a harmonious socialist society is a society in which, within the social system of the socialist country, there are various sub-systems and elements between human beings, human beings and the society and human beings and the natural world. Philosophers say from a philosophical point of view: a harmonious socialist society is a society in which people and people, people and society, people and nature are in a state of mutual promotion, benign operation, harmonious *** existence, *** with the development of each other; sociologists say from a sociological point of view: the so-called harmonious society is a society where each part of the social system, the various elements of the benign operation and coordinated development of the society.
The multidisciplinary interpretation, for one thing, illustrates the relaxation of our academic environment, the prosperity and flourishing of the social sciences, which in itself is a kind of humanistic harmony. Then, it can enable us to enrich our understanding of the scientific proposition of a harmonious society from a higher vision and a broader perspective, and from a theoretical point of view. Collecting the wisdom of all of us, we believe that a harmonious socialist society should be a society with a rational structure, each making the best use of its abilities, behaving in a standardized manner, getting along with each other harmoniously and developing in a coordinated manner.
Constructing a harmonious society is a grand social system project. Horizontally, it is not only social, but also inextricably linked to politics, economy and culture; vertically, it involves macro, meso and micro. In our country, both the micro-society in the countryside and the micro-society in the city are composed of mass self-governing organizations, which are the working and organizational basis of our Party's cause, and which are the anchorage point for our construction of a harmonious socialist society. It is for this reason that General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized at the symposium that the construction of a harmonious socialist society "requires the strengthening of urban grassroots self-governing organizations, starting with the construction of harmonious communities, so that the communities can play a service role in improving the living standards and quality of life of the residents, play a bridging role in closer relations between the Party and the government and the people, and play a facilitating role in maintaining social stability and creating a good environment for the masses to live and work in peace and contentment." Comrade Zeng Qinghong, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China and Vice-President of the State, in accordance with the spirit of Comrade Hu Jintao's important speech, further clarified that "the center of gravity of social construction and management is at the grassroots level, and that it is necessary to give full play to the roles of grass-roots Party organizations and ***productivity Party members in serving the masses and rallying the people's hearts and minds, and to give full play to the roles of grass-roots urban and rural self-governing organizations, people's associations, social groups, industrial organizations, The role of urban and rural grass-roots autonomous organizations, people's groups, social groups, trade organizations, intermediary organizations, etc., to form the overall synergy of social management and services. Communities are the cells of society, and building harmonious communities is the basis for building a harmonious society. We should adhere to the focus on serving the masses, the direction of residents' autonomy, the maintenance of stability, the carrier of cultural activities, and the key to Party leadership and Party building, and strive to build communities into a solid foundation for a harmonious society." The important speeches of General Secretary Hu Jintao and Vice President Zeng Qinghong show that the central leadership is very concerned about and attaches great importance to the construction and development of grass-roots self-governing organizations in urban and rural areas, pointing out the entry point for the construction of a harmonious society in our country, and pointing out the working goal and the way forward for the construction of a harmonious community.
It is by no means accidental that the central leadership is so concerned about the construction of harmonious communities from the height of the overall situation. This is determined by the status and role of the community in China's economic, political, cultural and social development process over the years.
The community is the interface between the state and society. Community residents' committees, the mass self-governing organizations at the grassroots level in China's cities, are not the government, nor are they sent organs of the government, but their relationship with the government is flesh and blood, fish and water inseparable. Since the adoption of the Regulations on the Organization of the Urban Residents' Committees of the People's Republic of China under the auspices of Chairman Mao Zedong on December 26, 1954, the government has communicated the public power of the state to the masses of residents through the pipeline of the residents' committees; the government has supported and guided the work of the residents' committees, and safeguarded the autonomy of the residents' committees according to the law, while the residents' committees have assisted the government in the implementation of the policies and regulations of the state to the The interests of the two sides are identical, and there is no fundamental conflict of interest. Under the new historical conditions, despite the great changes that have taken place in our management system and methods, the State still regards the residents' committees as the main channel of grass-roots social management and the cornerstone of State power, which is why the Constitution of the People's Republic of China has always insisted on placing them in section V of chapter III, "State Institutions", in the section entitled "Local People's Congresses and People's Governments at All Levels". and people's governments at all levels" in Chapter III, "State Institutions". Nowadays, there are more and more economic and social organizations at the grass-roots level, which is a sign of the vitality of society. However, the status and role of the residents' committees cannot be replaced by any economic or social organization; the State cannot be separated from the residents' committees, and the residents' committees cannot be separated from the State.
Communities have formed a social ****similarity at the grassroots level in cities. Residents' committees under the planned system have little vitality and cohesion. Work object in addition to the elderly living in the community, is no unit of residents, the function is very thin. The modern community after the economic transition and social transformation is different, in addition to the original work object, the unit people gradually evolved into social and community people, mobile population has begun to enter the community, the total amount of greatly increased. The structure is also becoming more and more complex. Coupled with a large number of social management, social services, social security functions from the government and units continue to be stripped out, so that the community to undertake, which strongly enhance the function of the community, enriched its content, and broadened its work, so that it from the micro level to take up the responsibility of creating a large society, has become able to coordinate and cohesion of all aspects of the center, has become a more fully functional
The community has become a center of coordination and cohesion, and a full-featured "small society".
Communities are the intersection of various social conflicts. China is now both the golden period of economic development, but also all kinds of social contradictions and social problems of the highlighted period. Social transformation is bound to cause changes in the pattern of interests and changes in social class. The decline in status will cause people's psychological imbalance, the disparity in income will expose people's dissatisfaction, the tension of work will increase people's mental stress, the changes in values and lifestyles will bring people a lot of discomfort, the acceleration of the frequency of population movement will make urban management more and more difficult, and the negative things in the society will have a negative impact on people, coupled with the sudden natural and manmade disasters. All of these factors affecting social stability, although reflected in society, but they all occur in the community, so the community is at the tip of all social conflicts and social problems, the community can only be prevented, do a good job in advance to maximize the digestion of all kinds of problems at the grass-roots level, only to be able to prevent the problem before it occurs.
Community is the grass-roots democratic political construction of the battlefield. Residents' autonomy is one of the best forms of direct democracy practiced at the grassroots level. Community residents through democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision to participate in the direct management of community affairs, which is the national law gives the residents of the sacrosanct rights, which is also the community cause of the performance of the prosperity of the development. Participation is the first principle of community building and its lifeline. Participation signifies the residents' identification with and care for the community, and participation signifies that the residents can both share in the benefits and bear the responsibilities of the community. A vibrant, creative and efficient community is one that has a relatively high rate of resident participation. Of course, the participation we are referring to here is active rather than passive participation by residents. The fact that a resident can actively participate in the affairs of the community shows that he has closely linked his own interests with the destiny of the community and treats the community as his home, which is the vitality of community building, the foundation of community building and the source of community building. Over the years, through the promotion of community building work, the community has also become a solid platform for grassroots democratic self-governance, and the community has become the starting point for residents to move from participation in the management of community affairs to participation in the management of social and national affairs.
In short, the leading comrade of the central government pointed out that the foundation of building a harmonious society lies in the community, which is both a full affirmation of the role played by community work at the grass-roots level in the city in the past years, and a major initiative on how to further promote community building in the future. The prospects for community work are unlimited, and community work can make a big difference. As all people concerned about, support and engaged in community work, should be from the height of building a harmonious socialist society, from the overall construction of a moderately prosperous society, to recognize and grasp the opportunities for community work, consciously take up the construction of a harmonious community this important historical task.
From the community construction carried out more than a decade can be seen, the conditions for the establishment of harmonious communities at the grassroots level is also fully equipped. First, the status of the community has been upgraded, community work has become a hot issue of concern to society as a whole; second, the community has increased the number of objects, expanded its functions, strengthened its organization, and developed more and more space to play an important role at the grass-roots level; third, the unit and the residents of the community affairs are becoming more and more concerned about the community, a sense of identity and cohesion among the masses; fourth, the community inside and outside the community relations are being rationalized, the community's system construction is constantly being improved, and there is a good momentum of benign operation in community work; fifth, the quality of community staff has been greatly improved, and the structure has been greatly improved, and it is still developing towards standardization, professionalization and institutionalization; sixth, the hardware facilities of the community are constantly up to the standard, and the software is constantly being upgraded, and there is a clear enhancement of the capacity, and there is more and more that can be done for the common people; seventh. The Party's core leadership of community work has been strengthened, consolidating this ruling foundation of the Party in the city; eighth, in particular, the Party and the State's care and attention to community work have provided a strong impetus for community development, and given the community cause wings to take off. These are powerful conditions for us to implement the spirit of the important speech of the central comrades and vigorously promote the construction of harmonious communities.
What is a harmonious community? There are a variety of versions of this issue, after comparison, I think the better are three: First, Fuzhou "in adhering to the people-oriented basis, the development of community material civilization, political civilization, and promote the development of the constituent elements of their own development and the harmony of the relationship between them, to achieve the unity of man and nature, man and society, as well as man and man, man's own physical and mental internal and external unity of the community Qingdao's "people-oriented, focusing on the harmony between people, people and society, and people and nature, so that all community members can make the best use of their abilities and get along harmoniously with each other, and the various elements of the community develop in a healthy, dynamic and stable manner"; Wuxi's "organizational harmony, cultural harmony, and cultural harmony. "a new type of community with organizational harmony, cultural harmony, interest harmony, interpersonal harmony and environmental harmony". The three expressions, each with its own merits, basically grasp the connotation of a harmonious community, with their own local characteristics.
But we believe that, as a definition, in addition to grasping the general spirit, but also to show distinctive individual characteristics. Turn the macro into the micro, and the theoretical into the concrete and operable. According to such an idea, our definition of a harmonious community is that "a healthy and mature harmonious community should be one in which the community and the government, the community and the enterprise, the community and the society, the community and the ecology, and the community and the masses are in a benign interaction and coordinated development". This is, of course, our own words, but we believe that this interpretation of a harmonious community is possible: First, highlighting the "community" as the main body; Second, the community as a round point to sort out all aspects of the relationship between the community is based on the government, business, society, ecology, the masses as a prerequisite for the existence of the premise of the interdependent premise, there is no longer a community! Without this interdependent premise, there would be no community, so the relationship between the community and them is crucial; third, this involves both the three major segments of the social structure - government, society and business - and many other aspects such as economic, political, social, cultural and ecological. So, so far, this definition is still basically feasible.
The guiding ideology of harmonious community building. Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of the "Three Represents" as a guide, based on the scientific concept of development and the spirit of building a harmonious socialist society, in accordance with the requirements of "democracy and law and order, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vibrant, stable and orderly, and harmonious coexistence of man and nature "requirements, and strive to build the community into a high degree of autonomy of residents, social order and stability, social security, comfortable living environment, public **** services, a variety of social groups live in harmony with the modern urban social life **** the same body, in order to build a high level of moderately affluent society and modernize the socialist harmonious society to lay a solid foundation.
Harmonious community building work objectives. Building a harmonious socialist society, both the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects of the important content of the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects of the important conditions. The goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way clearly includes the requirement of "a more harmonious society". Building a harmonious socialist society is a more demanding, longer and heavier task than building a moderately prosperous society on all fronts. After accomplishing the ambitious goal of building a moderately prosperous society on the whole, we will continue to struggle for a long time to build a harmonious socialist society. Therefore, our harmonious community building is not a matter of three years or two years, let alone overnight, but with the construction of a harmonious society, the same as the Party's long-term goal, in this sense, mentioning "harmonious community building is the center and theme of community building in the future" is very appropriate. In setting our goals, we should not only base ourselves on the present, but also focus on the long term. In the near future, we can start from the community environment, start from the problems that the people need to solve, start from the problems that the difficult groups need to provide help, further strengthen the infrastructure construction, realize the long-term management, digest the social contradictions, create a beautiful environment, complete facilities, convenient living environment, promote the harmony of human settlements, so that people in difficulty can be helped, so that the people can get the benefits, and enhance the residents' satisfaction and sense of identity of the community, which need to be based on the present, but also focus on the long-term. Satisfaction and sense of identity, which will take three to five years; the goal of the second phase. Through the construction of harmonious communities, further improve the coordination mechanism of community party organizations and community democratic self-governance mechanism, improve the capacity and level of urban management and public **** services, so that most of the communities built into a modern and new type of harmonious communities with perfect services, cultural prosperity, fairness and order, safety and stability, harmony and togetherness, which also need to have three to five years; the third stage of the goal. Resident demand-oriented, community public **** interests as a link, with a variety of social organizations as a carrier, with the integration of resources as a guarantee, to build a government organizations and social organizations and individual citizens through the body of the cooperation of the community public **** management and public **** service system, in order to promote the harmony of the relationship between the government, the community, the residents, the community, the society, enterprises, ecological aspects, so as to create a good community self-governance environment, to enhance community democratic self-governance, stimulate social vitality at the grassroots level, and thus improve the ability to build an overall harmonious society, forming a society in which all the people make the best use of their abilities and are able to live together in harmony. In terms of time span, this goal will be carried out throughout the process of fully realizing a moderately prosperous society.
The basic principles of harmonious community building. First, people-oriented, the principle of serving the public. All the work of the community should be oriented to the needs of community residents, the participation of community residents as a driving force for the satisfaction of community residents as a guideline for community residents in the community development to get the benefits of participating in the construction of a harmonious community to achieve their own development; Second, around the overall situation, focus on the principle of development. Harmonious community building should be conducive to the coordinated development of the economy, society and nature and sustainable development, is conducive to the innovation of community management and urban governance model, is conducive to stimulate the creative vitality of grass-roots society, and to create a good social environment for the reform, development and stability of our country; Third, the principle of orderly reform, and gradual advancement. Harmonious community building is a systematic project, both solid goals, but also can not be achieved overnight, from a practical point of view, rational planning, classification and guidance, one step at a time, lay a solid foundation, consolidate the results, and then move forward in a solid manner; Fourth, the integration of resources, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * principle of enjoyment. Fully mobilize the community authorities, schools, troops, social groups and enterprises and institutions to participate in the construction of a harmonious community enthusiasm, maximize the realization of community resources *** have and *** enjoy, and strive to create a *** in the community, *** build a good atmosphere in the community; Fifth, pay attention to fairness, the principle of mutual balance. Only fairness, social harmony, which means that the gap, especially the income distribution gap can not be stretched too far, more than the warning line may make the community to imbalance. However, there is no such thing as absolute fairness, and an appropriate gap is a sign of a dynamic, creative and efficient society. Therefore, we should guide people to correctly treat the gap, correctly view the fairness, learn to help each other and love each other, learn to help each other in the same boat ****; Sixth, the development of democracy, the principle of a sound legal system. The first goal of democracy is to gain power, and the second goal is to be able to prevent the abuse of power; there is no socialism without democracy. However, China's democracy is different from Western-style democracy, and should be gradually advanced under the leadership of the Party and within the scope of the rule of law. Any approach that pits democracy against the government, against the rule of law, and against the leadership of the Party is wrong.
The main content of harmonious community building. For the content of harmonious community building, from the national level, there are several models: First, Dalian Xigang District model, they put the construction of harmonious communities on the agenda in January this year, on the basis of Comrade Zeng Qinghong's speech during the inspection of the community work in Jiangsu and Tianjin, the "adhere to the community as the core of the party building to serve the masses as the focus of the direction of self-governance of the residents to maintain the cultural activities as a carrier, to maintain the community as the core of the community as the focus of the party building. Cultural activities as a carrier, and maintenance of stability as a foundation" as the main content of building harmonious communities. Since then, Xuanwu District, Shijingshan District and Chaoyang District in Beijing and Yindu District in Anyang City, Henan Province have largely followed this line of thinking. However, they are not all the same, and many places have put forward harmonious community construction contents in line with both the spirit of the central government and local realities according to their own characteristics. A representative one is Qingdao Civilization Office, they put the six aspects of community construction, as the specific content of harmonious community construction, which is the community environment, community safety, community services, community culture, community culture, community management, and also formulated a quantitative, operational "harmonious community demonstration point standards; Beilin District, Xi'an City, "complete basic equipment, beautiful living environment, sound democratic legal system, good security conditions, first-class community services, standardized community management, rich cultural and sports life, civilized behavior of residents, harmonious interpersonal relations, the general public satisfaction" 10 aspects as the content of the construction of a harmonious community; Chenghua District, Chengdu City, the content of the construction of harmonious communities The content of "building self-governing community, promoting the harmony of self-management, building service-oriented community, promoting the harmony of various types of residents' needs, building learning community, promoting the harmony of innovation and development, building ecological community, promoting the harmony of people and the environment, building peaceful community, promoting the harmony of the social order, building full employment community, promoting the harmony of the employment structure, building *** together with the affluent type of community, promoting the harmony of the employment structure. Building *** with affluent communities, promoting the harmony of social group relations, building civilized communities, promoting the harmony between the quality of residents and the requirements of the times, building honest communities, promoting the harmony of interpersonal relations, and building pioneering communities, promoting the harmony of party relations", the requirements are very exhaustive, and the measures are very stringent; the Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Shenyang, Mr. Zhang Xingxiang of the C***shenyang Municipal Party Committee, puts forward the following Harmonious community construction standards are: "tranquility and stability, beautiful environment, perfect service, civilization and peace, orderly management"; in particular, it should be noted that the urban areas and streets of Xuanwu District of Nanjing City, in order to build a harmonious community, but also with comrades of Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Technology and Quality Supervision, the use of industry-specific terminology and specialized standards, compiled a "quality" specifically for the use of harmonious community construction. Harmonious community building use of the Quality Manual. In this manual, they put the expression of General Secretary Hu Jintao on the characteristics of the harmonious community, as the content of the harmonious community construction, in order to facilitate the operation, but also detailed decomposition, the number of words have tens of thousands, equivalent to write a book, which is completely counted as an innovation of the model of the construction of a harmonious community.
These models have their own characteristics, in the construction of the initial period, we quickly responded to the blossoming of flowers, which is commendable; and until now because the country has not yet a unified standard, from their own actual starting point, put forward the idea of a harmonious community what is not possible; not to mention that these models are distinctive, in line with the general direction, and thus the overall view should be said to be good, this pioneering spirit is worthy of strong encouragement. The spirit of pioneering and innovation is worthy of strong encouragement.
But now the problem is that if we want to push open the construction of harmonious communities in the country this great project, it is necessary to set a unified standard, as a basis for everyone **** the same, with a unified standard, and then according to the actual situation of the play can be, but the main thing is that the content can not be changed, the main standard can not be changed. Otherwise it will be difficult to operate and measurement. National standards should be ****; secondly, authoritative; thirdly, easy to operate; fourthly, be able to measure and evaluate. According to such a spirit, we believe that Dalian Xigang District, Beijing Xuanwu District, Shijingshan District, Chaoyang District, Henan Province, Anyang City, Yindu District to determine the content of the construction of a harmonious community is relatively accurate, but the content of Dalian Xigang District is too simple, and the content of the Xuanwu District of Beijing City is too detailed, and now we have taken the strengths of the synthesis of a national construction of socialist harmonious community standards, which are:
I. Community services. Streets have community service centers, communities have community service facilities, can basically meet the needs of community residents, convenient service hotline to achieve the streets, neighborhood committees networking, unemployed re-employment rate of more than 70%, to meet the conditions of the low income to achieve should be insured, the coverage of disability protection is greater than 90%, the community health service population coverage of more than 80%, the development of regional public **** health emergencies plan
Second, community culture. There is a community library, the collection of books to reach more than 1,000 books, there are fixed youth activity stations and community sports venues, the community to participate in national fitness campaigns to reach more than 50% of the population, to participate in the Citizen Civilization School, various types of education and training activities to reach more than 10% of the residents of this residential area, "civilized building." Civilized House", "civilized family", "health home" accounted for 40%, 50% and 60% of the total number of households in the district.
Three, community stability. The community has a police station, the security organization is sound, no juvenile delinquency in the community, there are community correctional personnel files, the rate of criminal release and re-education of personnel up to 90%, the community is no "yellow, gambling, drugs" phenomenon, no cults, the establishment of a sound public **** security emergency plan, no collective petition and cross-level petitioning, there is a legal aid mechanism for vulnerable groups. legal aid mechanism for vulnerable groups, no serious or major fires in the community, no major traffic safety accidents, family harmony, no abuse and non-support of the elderly, no domestic violence.
Four, residents' autonomy. The residents' committee is well organized, can take the initiative to accept the leadership of the community party committee, timely acceptance of residents' opinions and requirements, there are "residents' convention" and "community self-governance statute", the participation rate of the residents in the activities organized by the residents' committee is more than 60%, there are volunteer organizations in the community, and the participation rate of the residents in the voluntary service activities is more than 8%. The establishment of a community affairs hearing system and community affairs notification system, adhere to the openness of the affairs of the residents and have an open board, and more than 80% of the units under the jurisdiction of the signing of the *** building agreement, and the establishment of the *** building mechanism, the community unit of public welfare equipment, venues to the community to open up the rate of more than 50% of the office space of the residents' committee shall not be less than 60 square meters, and equipped with computers, printers, telephones and other office facilities, the residents' committee office funds are guaranteed. Committee office funds are guaranteed.
V. Party leadership. Community party leadership team is sound, there are building party organizations and can seriously carry out activities, the establishment of a sound coordination committee of the party's work in the community, the community of retired party members organizational relations transferred to the community party organizations to reach more than 70%, there is a community management system for mobile party members, the party branch of the organizational life of the system and the system of democratic life, the party members of the exemplary role of the good, can be in the construction of a harmonious community for the masses of the residents to serve as a role model.
Construction of the community's mobile party management system
Security measures to build a harmonious community. First, strengthen leadership, clear responsibility. Harmonious community building is an urban grass-roots an important task related to the overall situation, in accordance with the requirements of the central government on the "party leadership, the government is responsible for, social coordination, public participation", and seriously grasp the implementation. Party committees at all levels should put the construction of harmonious communities on their agenda, and effectively play the role of leading core and leading drive. Civil affairs departments are specifically responsible for this work at all levels of government functions, to effectively take responsibility for the specific planning, deployment and implementation of this work, all departments and units to their work into the construction of a harmonious society and harmonious communities in this big picture, based on their own reality, to find the entry point into this work. Community Residents Committee and the grass-roots level of the various social organizations, with the community at large, when the harmonious community construction of the organizers and implementers, when the harmonious community construction of the vanguard, standing in the forefront of the construction of a harmonious community, for the construction of a harmonious community and even the construction of a harmonious society to make a new and greater contribution. Second, to grasp the planning. Formulate a good development plan for the construction of harmonious communities, is to promote the construction of harmonious communities is an important foundation work, which should be given great importance. We should obey the overall situation of the whole party, in accordance with the national "10th Five-Year Plan" outline and the "10th Five-Year Plan" program in the country. Five-Year Plan and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan to be adopted next year. Five-Year Plan, combined with the local national economic and social development plan, carefully formulate a good five-year plan and annual implementation plan for the construction of harmonious communities in the region, only in this way, the construction of harmonious communities in order to find their own position, and the local economic and social development in tandem. Third, we should grasp the classification and guidance. Communities in different situations, to put forward different requirements, so that each community has a specific, clear and can be achieved through the efforts of the work of the goal, to promote the work in a solid and orderly manner. In terms of working methods, it is necessary to frequently grasp the typical, through the typical to lead the way. In accordance with their respective conditions, they should give full play to their existing strengths, strive to make breakthroughs in certain aspects and areas of harmonious community building, and create and summarize directional and guiding experiences. Communities in the western region, we must live within our means, step by step, start from the basics, start from what the people need to do urgently, one by one, the work of harmonious community building into practice, step by step, to achieve the goal of harmonious community building; communities in the eastern region, the starting point of the construction of a harmonious community must be high, emancipation of the mind, the courage to innovate, we must study the new situation, to solve the new problems, to summarize the new experience, for the national harmonious community building, to create and summarize the new experience. New experience, for the country's harmonious community building as a typical, as a model.