I. The problem of water pollution and the collateral problems arising from it, as well as solutions
China has more than 70% of the rivers, lakes, and coasts are polluted, and 90% of the groundwater of the middle cities is polluted. Water pollution extends from river tributaries to main streams; penetrates from surface to underground; develops from land to sea; spreads from cities to rural areas; and expands from east to west. The trend of deteriorating water quality in the seven major water systems, including the Pearl River, Yangtze River, Songhua River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Liaohe River and Haihe River, has not been brought under control. None of the approximately 3,000 square kilometers of near-shore waters in Tianjin can meet the water quality standards for clean waters. The current situation of China's water resources has almost become a situation where "all water is polluted" and "every rain is acidic". If this situation continues to develop, people still have water to drink, water available? This is undoubtedly to the scarcity of freshwater resources in China caused by the effect of adding insult to injury, resulting in China's water shortage is even more serious.
China, although the land is vast, but the per capita water resources is only a quarter of the world average, and the distribution of water resources is unbalanced, drought, flooding disasters often occur. The country's total annual water shortage of about 40 billion cubic meters, of which there are more than 400 cities with insufficient water supply, 110 cities are seriously short of water, due to over-pumping of groundwater, resulting in 70 cities of varying degrees of serious consequences of subsidence, the annual direct economic losses due to the lack of water amounted to 200 billion yuan, less than 70 billion kilograms of food production. Every day, 60 million people have difficulty in obtaining sufficient drinking water, and 600 million people drink polluted water. The Central Government has proposed in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan to save energy by 4% and reduce emissions by 2% each year. As a result, in 2006, emissions of major pollutants rose rather than fell, an average of one sudden environmental accident occurred every two days, and public complaints about the environment increased by 30%. Work to solve environmental problems is urgent.
We now first talk about the treatment of water pollution. Modern wastewater treatment methods are mainly divided into three categories: physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. According to the degree of treatment, can be divided into three levels: primary treatment, also known as primary treatment; secondary treatment, also known as biological treatment; tertiary treatment, also known as depth treatment. However, wastewater tertiary treatment infrastructure costs and operating costs are very high, about two to three times the same size of the secondary treatment. All wastewater treatment methods show that wastewater treatment technology is a laboratory research methods, can not be applied to large-scale wastewater treatment needs. Because these treatment methods high-tech content is high, the technical equipment ahead of the investment and operating costs are high, it is really not hesitate to use "real money and sewage fighting the battle". And I have a filtration technology here, the sewage treatment and then purify the water into people's daily drinking water, it has a low cost, simple methods, and can effectively ensure the quality of pollution control. I will be this filtration method called "fast filter king", in the story "fast filter king" before the principle of work, let's first talk about the current tap water is filtered out with what method.
The current tap water filtration process is mainly in the water with coagulant precipitation, and then into the filtration pool filtration. This practice is a very serious waste of coagulant, and sinking pool is very easy to counter-pool, so that the alum flower and the top of a sudden large number of alum rise, the filtration pool is difficult to adapt to the filtration of high turbidity water, easy to cause the phenomenon of poor water quality, the original 20 degrees to 50 degrees of water can be directly filtered. But now it is necessary to add coagulant precipitation, which is equal to the filtration pool is empty. In the role of filtration and water purification principle of resistance to retention, by the retention of solid particles composed of filter membrane, and by it to play a filtering role, but this layer of filter membrane is easy to clog the filtration rate, resulting in filtration cycle shortened greatly, wasting rinse head is very serious, resulting in low yield, poor quality, so that the water plant only play a role in thirty-three percent. If you use the "fast filter king" will not have these problems, "fast filter king" low cost, simple operation, fast filtration speed to adapt to the complex production environment, the role of a large, save water and coagulant each 50%, saving investment of more than 95%.
Operating method and function of "Fast Filter King": "Fast Filter King" works with the water inlet impulse of the filtering pool, and the operating rod is connected to the crossbar of Fast Filter King with a steel branch in a small water pipe set, and it can be pulled up by the draining force of the filtering pool when the filtering pool is backwashed. In the backwashing of the filtering pool, following the drainage of the filtering pool, pull up the operating rod of the fast filter king and put it down, so that the fast filter king pours the sludge into the sewage chamber and sucks it away, and when the backwashing is finished, pull up the steel branch of the operating rod and jam it, so that the fast filter king is aligned with the inlet impulse of the filtering pool again, the fast filter king separates the sludge and the impurities very miraculously and fast, and eliminates the clogging of the membrane efficiently, so that the filtering pool maintains the long time fast filtration and the filtration speed is quadrupled, and it can filter the 50-degree water. If it is due to the filter pool filter media rough and sparse, good and bad, clear and turbid can be passed, resulting in filtered water quality problems, the water plant should be timely in the filter pool filter media on the upper layer of the filter material to add fine and uniform filter material, so that the filtered water quality is qualified until. Especially in the flood and high-temperature season, the water supply is the most tense when the most clear role of the fast filter king, if the fast filter king on the basis of technological innovation, so that most of the sewage does not have to react pool and sinking pool, not to mention the addition of any coagulant, so that 50 degrees to 150 degrees of sewage can be directly filtered, but also to quickly separate the sludge and impurities in the sewage, when the filter layer of sludge increased to the prevention of impediments to the filtration of filter layer and blockage, the fast filter king will be based on the sludge to prevent and block the filtration. When the sludge in the filter layer increases to prevent and block the filtration of the filter layer, the King of Fast Filter will pour the sludge into the sewage chamber according to the weight of the sludge, which can reduce the number of times of backwashing, save the power of backwashing, and prolong the cycle of backwashing by 3 times to 10 times.
II. The current situation of atmospheric pollution and solutions
Security Administration of the National Bureau of Statistics for the first time released "China's green national economic accounting research report 2004" environmental pollution caused by annual economic losses of more than 500 billion yuan, the world's 20 most polluted cities have 16 in China. The environmental health loss caused by air pollution in China accounts for 7% of China's GDP and is expected to reach 13% by 2020. By more realistic estimates, the losses caused by environmental pollution in China amount to between 8 and 13 percent of China's GDP. In other words, China's economic growth has been eaten up by environmental pollution.
Air pollution is caused by dust collectors that are too expensive, have a small capacity resulting in poor results, and are easily damaged and difficult to replace. Cities are constantly developing and expanding, industrial and agricultural production continues to grow and rise, the benefits of production and the survival of enterprises in the interests of fierce competition, the immediate interests and long-term interests are not harmonized, smoke and dust continue to be discharged into the air, day after day, the mountains and rivers, water and soil were seriously polluted. Resulting in nearly a quarter of the global cases caused by the environment, an average of every 10,000 urban residents in 6 people died because of air pollution. Nationally, air pollution*** has caused nearly 358,000 deaths, about 640,000 respiratory and circulatory patients hospitalized, about 266,000 new patients with chronic bronchitis, resulting in economic losses of up to 152.74 billion yuan. China's environmental problems are step by step from quantitative to qualitative changes, in the fight against environmental pollution, we pay in addition to the price of life, what else? Therefore, the best way to reduce carbon dioxide is to use the comprehensive functions of King Filter. Fast Filter King's dust removal water recycling spray filtration method:
<1>. Build or remodel the chimney and flue according to the size of the soot, and install sufficient sprayer heads.
<2>. Smoothly draw the header and high temperature or soot in the plant, to the water circulation spray area, spraying with water sufficiently, making sure that the clean gas is discharged, and the dust particles flow with the droplets into the filtration pool.
<3>. Build two simple and practical fast filter king type filter pool, day and night can smoothly filter out all the soot water, two filter pools can be filtered at the same time or rotate to clean the sludge.
<4>. Build a cistern to contain the filtered out water for cyclic soot spraying.
III. Treatment of seawater
The treatment of seawater, desalination into potable water can alleviate the problem of water scarcity for human beings. Human desalination has been more than 100 years of history, creating dozens of desalination methods, more mature methods are mainly distillation, membrane separation method, freezing method. Membrane separation method was born in 1953, also known as membrane method and reverse osmosis. It uses a membrane called a "semi-permeable membrane", whose performance is to let only fresh water pass through, not let the salt through. If no pressure is applied and the membrane is used to separate the salt water from the fresh water, the fresh water will automatically seep into the salt water. People through the high-pressure pump, the seawater pressure, seawater in the fresh water through the membrane to the fresh water side, so it is called reverse osmosis, or reverse osmosis. At present, the investment cost of seawater desalination project is about 4,500~5,500 yuan/ton/day. So far, the global desalination of seawater production has been close to 40 million tons per day. at the end of 2005, China's daily output of 120,000 tons of seawater desalination tons of water at a comprehensive cost of 5 yuan. Due to the high cost of seawater desalination, complex technology, since decades so far, the number of seawater desalination compared with the number of water shortages is far from the gap. Therefore, innovative desalination, saving pressurized energy consumption, is the hope of a large number of development of fresh water resources in the sea, but also small-scale desalination. Innovative desalination can save pressurized energy consumption method:
1, improve pretreatment, reduce membrane pollution.
2, with the re-innovation of the fast filter king combined with the membrane method to eliminate the attraction of seawater to fresh water.
3, can make seawater in the case of unpressurized seawater desalination smoothly, seawater desalination rate is the same as pressurized reverse osmosis.