On August 2, 1967, the first ship-to-ship missile developed by China, Upstream 1, was put into production. With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the "upstream" missile has also been improved, and the improved missile was named "Haiying" ship-to-ship missile. Since then, the first generation of ship-to-ship missiles in China has been born.
at the beginning of p>196, the development of China navy missiles started at the same time as other services and arms. At that time, a Styx missile was just about to be launched from the former Soviet Union, and it happened that the country was in an extremely difficult situation after three years of natural disasters. However, the Central Military Commission ordered that it insist on developing its own ship-to-ship missiles by copying Styx missiles. As a result, the navy immediately organized a test base, and Nanchang Aircraft Factory was identified as an imitation unit, with Li Tongli and Lu Lin as chief designers successively. They started hard imitation work in the deserted valley and bay.
this kind of imitation missile is called "upstream" ship-to-ship missile. Trial production began in October 1963. At the end of 1964, researchers braved the severe cold of more than 2 degrees below zero centigrade to carry out the test of land model bomb on the northwest sandy plain, and then carried out the test of sea model bomb and land full bomb test. All the tests successfully obtained all the required data. The sea launch test began in 1966, mainly to verify the structural integrity of the whole missile when it was launched at sea, and to check whether the flight performance of the missile, the control system, the main engine electrical equipment and other systems are in normal working condition. The flight test was completed in August of the same year. In November, the stereotype test was carried out, and excellent results were achieved in 9 rounds and 8 rounds. Since then, the history of China's inability to produce coastal defense missile weapons has ended, and a new page has been opened in the history of China's naval equipment development.
due to the limited technical level at that time, the missile still had many shortcomings, such as heavy body, small liquid fuel propulsion, poor anti-jamming ability and unsatisfactory flying height. In particular, the actual application results of the Styx missile have brought some influence. In October 1967, Egypt used the Styx missile to sink the Israeli destroyer Eilat for the first time, but by 1973, due to Israel's electronic jamming system, none of the 5 Styx missiles launched by Egypt hit the target. To this end, Chinese scientists and technicians summed up the experience at home and abroad and made a series of technical improvements on the imitation "upstream" missile. These improvements mainly include the following aspects: (1) In order to enhance the electronic countermeasures capability of the missile itself, a variety of terminal guidance heads have been successfully developed and replaced, so several improved missiles have been developed accordingly.
(2) refitting the radio altimeter improves the low-altitude penetration ability of the missile.
(3) The liquid fuel tank is changed into a bearing type, so as to increase the fuel reserve, increase the power and improve the effective range of the missile.
(4) Research on wave characteristics is carried out to enhance the missile's adaptation to harsh operational environment.
(5) develop into a variety of loading platforms, so as to adapt to the use of coastal defense, shipboard, airborne and other platforms.
(6) Study on liquid fuel pre-packaging technology to open up a new way for long-term effective storage.
(7) The fire control system is controlled by computer, which improves the reliability of the system.
Then, China established a coastal defense missile research institute, formed a relatively complete research production line, trained and trained the using troops and test troops, and equipped China's first anti-ship missile series. Subsequently, China developed the "Haiying" 1 and other ship-to-ship missiles, forming a series of ship-to-ship missiles with various models and different performances.