Instructions for cefixime capsules
English name: CEFIXIME capsule
Pinyin Name: Toubaokewo Capsule
Drug categories: cephalosporins and carbapenems.
Description: This product is a hard capsule. After removing the capsule, the contents are white or light yellow powder.
Pharmacology and Toxicology: Cefoxime is the third generation oral cephalosporin, which has bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. It is stable to most β -lactamases and many penicillinase-producing and cephalosporinase strains are still sensitive to this product. Cefexoxime has a good antibacterial effect on gram-positive cocci such as pneumococcus and pyogenic streptococcus, gram-negative bacilli such as influenza (including enzyme-producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including enzyme-producing strains), Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including enzyme-producing strains), etc. Cefexoxime also has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, parainfluenza virus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Providence, Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter allotypii and Citrobacter malonate in vitro, but its clinical effectiveness has not been determined. This product has poor antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus, but has no antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium.
Pharmacokinetics: about 40% ~ 50% absorption after oral administration. The peak time of blood drug concentration after oral administration is 2 ~ 4 hours. The binding rate of serum protein was 70%. The apparent distribution volume is 0. 1 1L/kg. The half-life is 3 ~ 4 hours. After oral administration, it is evenly distributed in the body and can enter the fetal circulation through the placenta. About 20% of the dose is excreted in urine within 24 hours. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis cannot remove this product.
Indications: This product is suitable for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and acute attack of chronic bronchitis, otitis media, urinary tract infection and simple gonorrhea (cervicitis or urethritis) caused by sensitive bacteria.
Administration and dosage: 400mg for adults and 8mg/kg for children, orally 1-2 times. Adult dose should be used when children weigh ≥50kg or age ≥ 12. Simple gonorrhea should be treated with a single dose of 400mg. Simple gonorrhea should be treated with a single dose of 400mg. The creatinine clearance rate (CCr) of patients with renal insufficiency is 2 1 ~ 60 ml/min, and hemodialysis patients are given 50% of the standard dose, that is, 300mg daily; CCr≤20ml/min, peritoneal dialysis is given 50% of the standard dose, that is, 200mg per day.
Adverse reactions: Most of the adverse reactions of cefixime are short-lived and mild. The most common are gastrointestinal reactions, including diarrhea 16%, increased stool frequency by 6%, abdominal pain by 3%, nausea by 7%, dyspepsia by 3% and abdominal distension by 4%. Adverse reactions with incidence less than 2% include rash, urticaria, drug fever, itching, headache and dizziness. Laboratory abnormalities include transient increase of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, BUN and Cr, transient decrease of platelet and white blood cell count, increase of eosinophils and positive direct antiglobulin test.
Contraindications: it is forbidden for those who have allergic history to this product or cephalosporins.
Precautions (1) It is forbidden for those with a history of cephalosporin allergy. Use with caution in patients with enteritis, and not for children under 6 months. Use this product with caution in patients with a history of penicillin anaphylactic shock in the past, because anaphylactic shock may occur.
(2) The serum half-life of patients with renal insufficiency is prolonged, and the dosage should be adjusted.
(3) The dosage of the same suspension and tablet is higher than before. The blood concentration is higher than the former. (4) The course of treatment of pyogenic streptococcus infection needs at least 10 day.
(5) Patients with otitis media should be treated with suspension.
Pregnant women and lactating women should use drugs with caution.
Neonates and premature infants should be cautious in using children's drugs.
Elderly patients should use drugs with caution.
drug interaction
(1) This product is incompatible with the following drugs; Amikacin sulfate, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin. Neomycin, chlortetracycline hydrochloride, tetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, colistin mesylate, polymyxin B sulfate, erythromycin gluconate, erythromycin lactobionate, lincomycin, sulfaisoxazole, aminophylline, soluble barbital, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, other antihistamines in diphenhydramine hydrochloride, lidocaine, norepinephrine, m-hydroxylamine, methylphenidate, succinylcholine, etc. Occasionally, it is contraindicated to be compatible with the following drugs: penicillin, methicillin, hydrocortisone succinate and phenytoin sodium. Chlorpromazine, vitamin B and vitamin C, hydrolyzed protein.
(2) The combination of furosemide, itaconic acid, bumetanide and other strong diuretics, anti-tumor drugs such as carbamazepine and streptozotocin, and aminoglycoside antibiotics may increase nephrotoxicity.
(4) Clavulanic acid can increase the antibacterial activity of this product against some β -lactamase resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
Drug overdose: there is no exact clinical data.
Storage: Keep away from light, sealed and stored in a cool and dark place.
Packaging (1)50mg/ capsule, 6 capsules per board; (2)50mg/ tablet, each board 10 tablet; (3)0. 1g/ tablet, 6 tablets per board. The material of the board is aluminum foil and PVC.
At the same time, we should pay attention to the side effects of antibiotics.
Antibiotics are drugs that inhibit and kill all living things at very low concentrations.
The nonstandard use of antibiotics, on the one hand, causes bacterial resistance, which is much faster than the development of new drugs. In the long run, we may return to the state before the 1970s and 1980s. If antibiotics are not used, human beings will face the threat of many infectious diseases again. For example, tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many years ago, people thought it was well controlled, but now there are so many drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis that it is very difficult to treat. This may lead to an increase in mortality, and the social resources spent on treating drug-resistant tuberculosis are more than ten times that of treating a non-drug-resistant tuberculosis, resulting in a very heavy social burden. In the second aspect, antibiotics are also drugs. After entering the human body, they will play a therapeutic role and cause many adverse reactions. The more drugs are used, the higher the probability of adverse reactions. According to the records of China Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center, one third of the adverse drug reactions in China are caused by antibiotics, which is consistent with the proportion of antibiotics used. There are many kinds of antibiotics, which cause adverse reactions or serious adverse reactions involving various systems of the body. Rational use of antibiotics is an urgent problem.
How to use antibiotics is safe and will not produce drug resistance?
Very simple, it is to use it reasonably under the guidance of a doctor, not blindly. After getting sick, you can generally buy some symptomatic drugs according to your own situation. For example, if you think you have a cold, you can buy some cold medicine instead of antibiotics. If you really think it's a bacterial infection, you should consult your doctor to decide whether to use antibiotics.