Major works Qianjin Fong (千金方), Qianjin Yaofang (千金要方), Qianjin Yifang (千金翼方)
Sun Simiao (541-682), a native of Huayuan, Jingzhao, in the present-day Yaozhou district of Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, was a famous physician and Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty and was honored by the later generations as the "King of Medicine".
Sun Simiao was born into a poor farmer's family in the seventh year of Daitong (541) in the Western Wei Dynasty. After growing up, he began to love the Taoist teachings of Laozhuang, and lived in seclusion in the Zhinan Mountain in Shaanxi Province, where he gradually gained a high reputation.
Sun Simiao attached great importance to the medical experience of the folk, and continued to accumulate visits and recorded them in a timely manner, finally completing his work, "Thousand Golden Essentials". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the court's invitation to cooperate with the government in medical activities. 659 completed the world's first national pharmacopoeia, the Tang Xin Ben Cao (Tang New Materia Medica).
Major Achievements
Medicine
Sun Simiao was not only skilled in internal medicine, but also in gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, and the five senses. He was the first to advocate the establishment of a separate department for the treatment of women's and children's diseases, and was the first to discuss gynecology and pediatrics in his writings, stating that it was "to honor the essence of the meaning of the word". Under his influence, future generations of medical practitioners generally emphasized the study of treatment techniques for gynecological and pediatric diseases. In addition, he also studied acupuncture and moxibustion, and authored the "Ming Tang Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart", which used acupuncture and moxibustion as adjunctive therapy to medicine. He believed that "the way of a good doctor must first diagnose the pulse and prescription, followed by acupuncture and moxibustion, internal and external support, the disease will be cured." Actively advocate the implementation of integrated treatment of disease.
Sun Simiao attaches great importance to the study of common and frequent diseases. For example, people in mountainous areas are prone to goiter disease (commonly known as thick neck year) due to the lack of iodine in their food, he observed and explored the cause and treatment for a long time. He believed that this disease was caused by unclean water in the mountains, so he used seaweed and other sea plants and the thyroid gland of animals to treat the disease, which had a good effect. He made a detailed study of foot fungus disease and firstly suggested that it could be prevented by cooking porridge with grain white skin and taking it regularly. The medicine he chose to treat foot fungus disease was rich in vitamin B1 and was very effective. In his long-term practice, he also summarized the special prescription for the treatment of dysentery, tapeworm, night blindness and other diseases. When he lived in the Taibai Mountains, he personally collected herbs and studied the properties of medicines. He believed that the right time to pick the medicine is extremely important, early is the medicine potential is not yet, late is the medicine potential has been exhausted. Based on his own experience, he identified 233 kinds of drugs at the appropriate time of collection.
Sun Simiao attaches great importance to the prevention of disease and emphasizes the view that prevention is the first step. He put forward "do not forget the death, do not forget the danger", emphasizing that "every day must adjust the gas, tonic and diarrhea, massage, guide for the best, do not to health will be for always." He advocated personal hygiene, emphasize sports health care, put forward the food therapy, medication, health, health care, health care combination of prevention and treatment of disease proposition.
In the course of his study of medicine, he mixed sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal to make powder, which was used to make fire for alchemy, the earliest recipe for gunpowder in extant Chinese literature. In his article "Dan Jing Nei Vu Sulphur and Yellow Method", he described how the Vu Fire Sulphur and Yellow Method was made.
He insisted on the method of diagnosis and treatment, believing that if a person is good at taking care of his health, he will be free from diseases. As long as the "good doctor to guide with medicine and stone, save with needles", "the physical form of the disease can be healed, heaven and earth can be eliminated disaster". He attaches importance to medical ethics, not divided into "rich and poor, young and old Yeon Chi, complaining about relatives and good friends, Chinese and foreigners, stupidity and intelligence", are all treated equally. Said "life is important, there are expensive gold". He attaches great importance to the health of women and children, the "Women's Square" three volumes, "less small baby and child square" two volumes, placed in the "Thousand Gold Square" of the first.
Sun Simiao also summarized the diagnostic methods of the good doctor: "Boldness wants to be big, but the heart wants to be small, wisdom wants to be round, but the line wants to be square. "Boldness" is to have confidence and temperament like a valiant warrior; "small-mindedness" is to be as careful as walking on thin ice and landing on the edge of a cliff; "wisdom roundness" refers to the fact that when things are round and flexible, one should not be confined. The "wisdom round" means that in the event of a round and flexible, not to stick to, must have the ability to control the enemy first; "line square" means not greedy for fame, not to take advantage of, the heart has its own open heaven and earth."
Sun Simiao has a profound study of classical medicine, the folk prescription attaches great importance to a lifetime of commitment to clinical research in medicine, internal, external, gynecology, pediatrics, the five senses, acupuncture and moxibustion are very proficient in various disciplines, there are twenty-four results of the history of China's medicine pioneers, especially in the discussion of the ideology of medical ethics, advocating gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture and moxibustion acupuncture points and so on, are not yet available in the forefathers.
In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summarized a lot of valuable experience, such as "A is the point" and "pain for the acupuncture point" method, the use of animal liver treatment of night blindness, the use of sheep's thyroid gland to treat endemic goiter, the use of cow's milk, beans, Grain skin and other prevention and treatment of foot disease; for pregnant women, the proposed residence should be clean and quiet, the mood to maintain a comfortable, do not be nervous when in labor; for infants, the proposed breastfeeding should be timed and quantitative, usually see more wind and sunshine, the clothes should not be overdressed ...... These ideas, in today's view, still has its certain practical significance.
1. The medical masterpiece Qianjinfang is the first encyclopedia of clinical medicine in Chinese history, and is regarded by foreign scholars as the "treasure of mankind";
2. The first person to discuss medical ethics;
3. The first person to advocate the establishment of gynecology and pediatrics;
4. The first leprosy specialist;
5. The first person to advocate the establishment of a medical center in China. The first leprosy specialist;
5. The first to invent the finger-measurement method of taking acupoints;
6. The first to create and draw the colorful "Mingtang Triple Diagrams";
7. The first to promote cosmetic medicine to the public;
8. The first to create the "Ahshi Acupuncture Points";
9. The first to expand the number of odd points;
What are the most popular acupuncture points in the world? The first to expand the odd points, selected and compiled acupuncture and moxibustion prescription;
10. The first to propose the compound cure;
11. The first to propose the diversified use of medicines to treat dental disease;
12. The first to propose the use of herbs to feed the cows, and the use of their milk to cure the disease;
13. The first to put forward the "acupuncture and moxibustion will be used, the use of both needles and medicines
13. The first to propose "Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Acupuncture and Medicine" and "Health Care Moxibustion";
14. The first to systematically, comprehensively, and concretely discuss the cultivation, collection, and collection of medicines;
15. The first to propose and test the success of the wild medicines into the domestic species;
16. The first to create the concoctions of the ground rhubarb and to remove the poisonous concoction method of the croton First to use placenta powder to cure diseases;
18. First to use animal liver to cure eye diseases, animal liver is rich in vitamins
19. First to treat foot fungus and the first to use enough bark to decoct soup and cook porridge to eat to prevent foot fungus and the recurrence of foot fungus, 1,000 years earlier than the Europeans, enough bark is rich in vitamin B1;
20. First to use arsenic (Xionghuang, etc.) to prevent foot fungus and the recurrence of foot fungus;
21. First to use the same method as the other medicines. Arsenic (andrographis et al. years) treatment of malaria, a thousand years earlier than the British made of arsenic Voller's;
21. The first to put forward the "prevention is more important than treatment" of medical thought;
22. The first to use goat's feast (goat thyroid years) treatment of goiter;
23. The first doctor in Chinese history to penetrate into the folklore, learn from the masses and peers, collect and verify secret recipes;
24. The first invention of catheterization
Medical books
Sun believed that "the most important thing is the life of a person, there is a thousand gold, a party to help the virtue of more than that," so he will be two of his own works are entitled
Sun believed that "human life is very important, and it is more important than this", so he titled his two works with the name of "Qianjin" and named them "Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang". He drew on the "Huangdi Neijing" on the doctrine of viscera, in the "Qianjin Yaofang" for the first time a complete proposal to the viscera cold, heat and solidity as the center of the classification of miscellaneous diseases discernment method; in the collation and study of zhang zhongjing "typhoid fever," after the typhoid fever will be categorized into twelve theories, typhoid fever contraindications of fifteen articles for the study of the later generations of the "typhoid fever miscellaneous illnesses" to provide a doorway to follow, especially for the broader typhoid fever to increase the content of a more specific. He created a three-pronged approach to the study of typhoid from the prescription, evidence, and treatment, and pioneered the use of the prescription to categorize evidence in later generations.
Thirty volumes of Qianjin Yaofang (Thousand Golden Essentials), a book of 5,300 prescriptions and treatises, with a wide range of prescriptions and rich contents, including medical theories such as diagnosis and diagnostics, as well as internal and external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics and other clinical disciplines; and two hundred and thirty-two subjects, which is close to the modern classification method of clinical medicine. Both involved in detoxification, first aid, health, food therapy, but also involved in acupuncture, massage, guidance, vomiting, can be said to be a good summary of the development of Chinese medicine before the Tang Dynasty. Qianjin Yaofang is a representative masterpiece in the development of Chinese medicine in the Tang Dynasty, and it has obvious influence and contribution to the development of medicine in later generations, especially the development of prescription science; and it also has a positive effect on the development of Japanese and Korean medicine. The Thousand Golden Essentials is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China, covering everything from basic theories to clinical disciplines, including theories, methods, prescriptions, and medicines. One class is the canonical materials, and the other class is the folk prescription. Widely absorbed from all aspects of the long, elegant and popular **** appreciation, slow and urgent, to this day. A lot of content still plays a guiding role, has a very high academic value, is indeed the value of the treasure of Chinese medicine. A Thousand Golden Essentials is a great contribution to the development of prescription science. The book collected from Zhang Zhongjing era until Sun Simiao's clinical experience, hundreds of years of prescription achievements, after reading Zhongjing book square, and then read the "Thousand Gold Formulas", can be really eye-opening, broaden the mind, especially the source of different prescription medicines, showing the Sun Simiao's Boji medical source and superb medical skills. Later people called "Qianjinfang" as the ancestor of the square book.
Thirty volumes of Thousand Gold Wings and Formulas belong to the works of Sun Simiao in his later years, and are a comprehensive supplement to Thousand Gold Formulas and Formulas. The book is divided into one hundred and eighty-nine doors, with more than 2,900 prescriptions, treatments, treatments, and methods, covering various aspects such as materia medica, gynecology, typhoid, pediatrics, nourishment, tonicity, stroke, miscellaneous diseases, sores and carbuncles, color pulse, as well as acupuncture and moxibustion, and is especially effective in the treatment of typhoid fever, stroke, miscellaneous diseases, and sores and carbuncles. Among the more than 800 kinds of medicines contained in the book, more than 200 kinds of medicines are introduced in detail, such as the collection of medicines and concoctions and other related knowledge. It is especially worth mentioning that the book will be the Jin and Tang dynasties have been scattered to the folk of the "typhoid fever" article included in the book, separate composition of nine, ten two volumes, even become the Tang Dynasty only "typhoid fever" research work, "typhoid fever" for the preservation of the article and the circulation of the text has played a positive role in promoting.
Medical ethics
Sun Simiao is the first-rate medical ethics and medical skills of the ancient and modern masters, he believes that the doctor must relieve the patient's pain as the only duty, the other is "no desire, no demand", the patient is treated equally "all as the supreme", "China and Yi, stupidity and wisdom," "all as the supreme". "The Chinese, the barbarians, the foolish and the wise, are all the same". He was physically active, dedicated to saving lives, not interested in fame and fortune, and spent his life realizing his own Taoist medical ethics, and was the founder of Chinese medical ethics. Sun Simiao's famous book "Thousand Gold Formula", but also the "great medical sincerity" of medical ethics on the extremely important position to specialize in the topic, focusing on the discussion. And he himself, is also to virtue, virtue, virtue, one of the representatives of the moral and artistic.
Sun Simiao has noble medical ethics, everything to cure the sick to save people first. He cared about the people's disease pain, everywhere for the sake of the patients, to come to seek medical treatment, regardless of noble and lowly, rich and poor, old and young, close and distant, are treated equally. When he went out to treat the sick, he did not care about day and night, did not avoid cold and heat, did not care about hunger, thirst and fatigue, and went all out. Clinical, mental concentration, conscientious and responsible, not hasty, do not consider personal gains and losses, do not mind the dirty, smelly and dirty, dedicated to rescue. In particular, he advocated that doctors should not take the opportunity to ask for money when treating patients, and should have no desire. His noble medical ethics, is a model for future generations, more than a thousand years, has been praised by the Chinese people and medical practitioners, was honored as the "King of Medicine".
Sun Simiao does not use animals in medicine. He said: "Since ancient times, the famous sages to treat the disease, more life to help the emergency, although said that the cheap animals expensive people, to the love of life and animals a also. Loss of their own benefit, the same thing with the patient, not to mention the human call! If you kill life to seek life, go to life is farther away. I now this formula so do not use life as medicine, good from this also."
Nurturing life
Sun Simiao advocate health, and physical practice, just because he knew the art of health, can be over 100 years old and the sight and hearing does not fail. He will be Confucianism, Taoism and foreign ancient Indian Buddhist health care ideas and the theory of Chinese medicine, health care theory combined, put forward many practical health care methods, to this day, is still guiding people's daily life, such as the mindset to maintain a balance, do not focus on the pursuit of fame and fortune; food and drink should be moderated, do not over-indulge in overeating; blood should pay attention to the flow of circulation, do not be lazy and stagnant immobility; life should be living in a constant, do not It is not a good idea to be a good person, but it is a good idea to be a good person.