The first earthquake occurred in the east of Longyao County in Xingtai area, with a magnitude of 6.8. Since then, there have been five earthquakes of magnitude 6, with the magnitude 7.2 occurring in the southeast of Ningjin County on the 22nd being the largest. Due to the loose soil, high groundwater level, ancient river channel and other factors in the disaster area, the earthquake caused serious damage and extensive damage. The 6.8 earthquake affected 142 counties and cities, and the 7.2 earthquake damaged 136 counties and cities. The feeling ranges from Duolun in Inner Mongolia in the north, Yantai in the east, Nanjing in the south and Tongchuan in the west. The earthquake * * * killed 8182 people, injured 51395 people, damaged more than 4 million houses and damaged 86 bridges. There were 115 accidental fires in the disaster area, killing 16 people, burning 26 people and burning 153 simple houses. There are more than 3 landslides in the western mountainous area of Xingtai, Jingxing and Wu 'an, 22 fires caused by landslides and flying stones, burning 8 hectares of mountains. Ground fissures, sand erosion and water erosion are common, extending intermittently from tens of meters to several kilometers. The maximum width of the ground fissure is 2 meters. It is common for well water to rise or overflow. Several bridges on Fuyang River were seriously damaged. The deck of Aixinzhuang Bridge moved to the south, which was 1.8 meters away from the pier, causing traffic disruption. The earthquake affected a wide area. There was a generator trip in Hezhuo County, Tianjin, which caused a short power outage. The west of Shijiazhuang and Xiyang, Shanxi are also damaged to a higher degree. The State Council attached great importance to Xingtai earthquake, that is, local troops rushed to the disaster area for rescue. All parts of the country vigorously supported the disaster areas and sent medical teams to support a large number of food and relief materials. On March 9th, Premier Zhou Enlai braved the earthquake to listen to the disaster report and relief situation in Longyao County, the earthquake-stricken area, and expressed condolences to the people in the disaster area. After the earthquake, 94 medical teams were stationed in the disaster area, with 7,115 medical personnel.
Daguan earthquake in Yunnan (May 11, 1974, an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 occurred in Daguan)
Most areas in Sichuan Basin have a strong sense of earthquake. The sensing area is about 4, square kilometers. The earthquake killed 1423 people and injured more than 16 people. More than 66, houses were damaged, of which more than 28, collapsed, and the damaged area of houses was about 2,3 square kilometers. In the earthquake zone, the wooden frame of wooden houses was not damaged, but the earth and stone walls mostly collapsed, and most of the earth beam houses and rubble stone beam houses collapsed or leveled. The earthquake also caused landslides and ground fissures on hillsides, destroyed roads, farmland, canals and buried cottages. The leading edge of the largest landslide rushed to the other side of the river, forming a dam about 3 meters high, blocking water and forming a lake.
Haicheng earthquake in Liaoning province (February 4, 1975, an earthquake of magnitude 7.3 occurred in Haicheng)
The polar earthquake area is 76 square kilometers. The earthquake occurred in a densely populated and industrially developed area, and it was the largest earthquake in the history of this area. Due to the earthquake prediction made by China's earthquake department, the local government took effective earthquake prevention measures in time, which greatly reduced the earthquake disaster. Except for buildings and other engineering structures, most people evacuated their houses during the earthquake, and the casualties were greatly reduced. The total number of casualties was 29,579, accounting for .32% of the total population, including 2,41 deaths, accounting for .2% of the total population. Most of the casualties are old, weak, sick, disabled, children and people who don't listen to the command. The earthquake caused the collapse and destruction of about 5 million square meters of urban houses, 1.65 million square meters of public facilities, 17.4 million square meters of rural houses, 2,937 urban and rural transportation and water conservancy facilities, and serious losses of various equipment and materials, totaling about 81 million yuan. The diameter of the ground sand blasting hole is 2.5 meters. There is an earthquake fault, about 5.5 kilometers long, with a crack width of 4 meters. The damaged area of Yingkou accounts for 53.1% of the total area of the city. After the earthquake, disaster relief work was carried out in time. The People's Liberation Army dispatched more than 35, people, 1,173 vehicles and 12 planes to participate in the disaster relief. The number of medical teams sent to the disaster area reached 11, with 3,48 personnel. Water supply repair two days after the earthquake; In February and July, all the disaster areas resumed power supply. The victims enjoyed the Spring Festival in the "Three Preventions" simple room. Traffic and industrial and agricultural production basically recovered after one month. The success of Haicheng earthquake prediction has achieved great social and economic benefits. It is speculated that if there is no forecast, the number of casualties will reach about 15,, and the economic loss will exceed 5 billion yuan.
Longling earthquake in Yunnan (on May 29th, 1976, there were two strong earthquakes in Longling county in western Yunnan)
The first one occurred at 2: 23: 18, with a magnitude of 7.3, and the second one at 22: : 23, with a magnitude of 7.4. This earthquake belongs to the earthquake swarm type. Aftershocks have high activity and intensity. Each earthquake has two polar regions. From May 29th to the end of the year, * * * recorded 2477 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above, including 19 earthquakes of magnitude 4.7 and 5.9, and one earthquake of magnitude 6.2, 7.3 and 7.4 respectively. The earthquake caused different degrees of losses to nine counties in Baoshan, Lincang and dehong autonomous prefecture. There were 98 deaths, 451 serious injuries, 1991 minor injuries and 42, houses collapsed and damaged. The affected area is about 1883 square kilometers. Landslides caused by earthquakes also caused serious losses. The landslide destroyed 18 rural houses, nearly 3,9 hectares of paddy fields, pastures and forest tea gardens, and destroyed 1,126 channels, destroying a hydropower station with an installed capacity of 24 kW and three hydropower stations with an installed capacity of less than 2 kW. 185 kilometers of roads were destroyed and the amount of landslides reached 78, cubic meters. Longling earthquake experienced the process of medium-term and short-term imminent prediction, and corresponding earthquake prevention measures were taken before the earthquake. Shallow collapse landslide is a typical phenomenon of this earthquake.
Tangshan earthquake in Hebei province (an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Tangshan city on July 28th, 1976)
The epicenter of the earthquake is located in Tangshan city. This is a rare urban earthquake disaster in the history of China. In an instant, the urbanization of a million people was in ruins, and people's lives and property and state property suffered heavy losses. Beijing and Tianjin were severely affected. The earthquake damaged more than 3, square kilometers, and the felt area reached 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, equivalent to 1/3 of the national area. The earthquake happened in the middle of the night, and 8% people in the urban area had no time to react and were buried under the rubble. The earthquake zone includes 47 square kilometers on the north and south sides of Jingshan Railway. Almost all the buildings in the area are gone. An 8-kilometer-long and 3-meter-wide ground fissure zone cuts across fences, houses, roads and canals. In the earthquake zone and its surrounding areas, there are a large number of fracture zones, water spraying and sand blasting, blowout, gravity collapse, rolling stones, slope collapse, ground slide, foundation settlement, karst cave collapse and goaf collapse. The earthquake * * * caused 242, deaths and 164, serious injuries, and more than 1,7 people were disabled for life in Tangshan City alone. 14.79 million square meters of public houses were destroyed and 5.3 million houses collapsed; The direct economic loss reached 5.4 billion yuan. Lifeline projects such as water supply, power supply, communication and transportation in the city were all destroyed, all industrial and mining industries were shut down, and all hospitals and medical facilities were all destroyed. Seven passenger vans and oil tankers derailed during the earthquake. Two large highway bridges on the Jiyun Canal and Luanhe River collapsed, cutting off the highway traffic between Tangshan and Tianjin and outside the customs. Urban water supply pipe network and water plant buildings, structures and water source wells were seriously damaged. The ground buildings and structures in Kailuan Coal Mine collapsed or were seriously damaged, and underground production was interrupted, leaving nearly 1, workers trapped underground. Tangshan iron and steel company was severely damaged and forced to stop production, and molten steel and molten iron were solidified in the furnace. The dams of three large reservoirs and two medium-sized reservoirs collapsed and cracked, and the wave walls collapsed. 24 of the 41 small reservoirs were damaged. There are 6, motor-driven wells with siltation and well tube dislocation, accounting for 67% of the total. There are more than 33, hectares of sand-pressed arable land and 47, hectares of salty water flooded land. Destroyed more than 55, sets (pieces) of agricultural machinery. 36, large livestock and more than 442, pigs were killed. The environmental sanitation in Tangshan city and its nearby disaster-stricken counties has deteriorated sharply, and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases is particularly prominent. After the earthquake, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council quickly established the earthquake relief headquarters. Rescue teams and materials from the People's Liberation Army and other parts of the country flocked to Tangshan, and launched an unprecedented and intense disaster relief work, which controlled the disaster in time and reduced casualties. Of the 6, people buried in the urban area, 3, saved themselves. All units of the People's Liberation Army dispatched nearly 15, people. Tangshan Airport takes off and lands 39 flights a day. More than 3, people in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid form an electric emergency repair team. More than 2, medical personnel from 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the People's Liberation Army and the railway system have formed nearly 3 medical teams and epidemic prevention teams. The seriously injured were airlifted to other provinces and cities for treatment, with 474 flights by plane and 9 flights by helicopter; * * * 159 health special trains were opened. Governments at all levels have solved the problems of drinking water, eating and dressing for the masses in time. Preparations for the reconstruction of homeland began at the end of 1976 and began in 1978. Ten years later, a thriving new Tangshan appeared in China.
Sichuan Songpan-Pingwu earthquake (an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred between Songpan and Pingwu on August 16, 1976)
The earthquake belongs to earthquake swarm type, followed by an earthquake of magnitude 6.7 on the 22nd and an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 on the 23rd. The earthquake felt a wide range, reaching Gaotai in Gansu in the west, Kunming in the south, Hohhot in the north and Changsha in the east, with a maximum radius of 1,15 kilometers. After the earthquake, torrential rains caused landslides, rockfalls, mudslides, etc., causing serious damage to farmland, roads, river beds, etc., and communication was interrupted. More than 1, hectares of cultivated land were destroyed, the grain loss reached 5 million kilograms, and more than 2, livestock died. The earthquake occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous area. In addition, there were predictions before the earthquake, and evacuation measures were taken. Therefore, there were only more than 8 casualties, including more than 6 minor injuries. Most of them are caused by secondary disasters such as mudslides, landslides and rolling stones after the earthquake. Governments at all levels in Sichuan Province established earthquake prevention and relief headquarters before the earthquake, requiring all departments to make preparations in all aspects. After the earthquake, people in Chengdu and nearby areas, affected by the Tangshan earthquake, had a serious fear of earthquakes, resulting in panic, flight, relocation and jumping off buildings, which had an impact on social life. At the same time, rumors of the earthquake spread everywhere, and people's hearts floated, which aggravated the social unrest, resulting in the closure of schools, shops, factories and mines.
The Shangyi earthquake in Hebei Province (at 11: 5 on January 1, 1998, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred in the east of Shangyi)
It caused serious casualties and economic losses, and was the most serious earthquake disaster in Chinese mainland that year. The earthquake-stricken areas involved 19 townships in Zhangbei, Shangyi, Wanquan and Kangding counties, with a population of nearly 17,. In the earthquake, 49 people were killed and 11,439 people were injured, among which 362 were seriously injured, accounting for 83.9% of the national total. Due to the unreasonable structure and site selection of local residents' houses, the building quality and seismic performance of the houses are not strong, and some houses are already dangerous. Therefore, the houses are seriously damaged, with a damaged area of more than 6.5 million square meters, of which 1.754 million square meters are completely destroyed. The direct economic loss of the earthquake was as high as 794 million yuan, accounting for 44.6% of the total in that year. The direct economic losses suffered by Gaotian Town, Datong, Shanxi Province, which is adjacent to this county, also reached 5.879 million yuan. After the earthquake, the government and all parties invested 836 million yuan in disaster relief. (Data Center of China Academy of Sciences)
Dayao earthquake in Yunnan (an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred on July 21, 23)
The epicenter is located about 1 kilometers northeast of Dali and 18 kilometers away from Kunming. Dali and Kunming have strong earthquakes, which last for about half a minute.
Chifeng earthquake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (M = 6.1 earthquake occurred on August 16th, 23)
At 18: 58 Beijing time, a M = 6.1 earthquake occurred at 44 degrees 54 minutes north latitude and 118 degrees 22 minutes east longitude. The epicentres were located in the areas of Xiwuzhumuqin Banner of Xilingol League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Balinzuo Banner and Arukerqin Banner of Chifeng City.
Dayao earthquake in Yunnan (an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 occurred on October 16th, 23)
A strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 on the Richter scale occurred in Dayao County, weichu, Yunnan Province on the night of 16th. The earthquake occurred at 2: 28 on October 16, Beijing time, and the epicenter was outside Liuju Town, Dayao County.
Minle earthquake in Gansu (M = 6.1 earthquake occurred on October 25th, 23)
Earthquakes of M = 6.1 and M = 5.8 occurred between Minle and Shandan counties in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with epicentres located at 38.4 degrees north latitude, 11.2 degrees east longitude, 38.4 degrees north latitude and 11.1 degrees east longitude respectively.
Ili earthquake in Xinjiang (an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 occurred on December 1, 23)
Gedengzhuang, 6 kilometers west of Zhaosu County, is the extreme earthquake zone of this earthquake, where employees and family members of the 11th Company of the 76th Regiment of the Fourth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps live. Qian Cunbin, head of the 76th regiment, told the reporter with heartache that all the casualties came from the 11th Company. It is reported that there are 324 households in 11 companies living here, including 282 affected households; There are 1226 employees and their families in the company, of which 167 were affected by the earthquake. This earthquake caused 1 deaths, and one of the "11 deaths" reported before was a double count. The earthquake also injured 47 people, 23 of whom were seriously injured.
Ludian earthquake in Yunnan (M = 5.6 earthquake occurred on August 1th, 24)
On the evening of August 1th, 24, an earthquake measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurred in Ludian County and Zhaoyang District of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, killing at least four people and injuring 594 others.
Jiujiang earthquake in Jiangxi Province (M = 5.7 earthquake on November 26th, 25)
At 8: 49 on November 26th, 25, a M = 5.7 earthquake occurred between Ruichang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, and the aftershocks spread to Nanchang and other places. At least 13 people were killed, more than 8, people were injured and 18, houses collapsed.
Heilongjiang earthquake (M = 5.1 earthquake occurred on July 25th, 25)
At 23: 43 on July 25th, 25, a M = 5.1 earthquake occurred in Lindian County, Heilongjiang Province, with the focal point 1 kilometers from the ground. At least one person was killed and 12 injured in the earthquake, and 1136 houses were damaged to varying degrees.
Wen' an earthquake in Hebei province (M = 5.1 earthquake occurred on July 4th, 26)
At 11: 56 on the 4th, a M = 5.1 earthquake occurred in Wen' an County, Hebei Province, and was felt in parts of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi.
Yanjin earthquake in Yunnan (M = 5.1 earthquake occurred on July 22, 26)
At 9: 1: 21 am on July 22, 26, a strong earthquake of M = 5.1 occurred in Yanjin County, Zhaotong City, northeastern Yunnan Province. The earthquake killed at least 22 people and injured more than 1 people, and the railway was interrupted.
Yanjin earthquake in Yunnan (an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred on August 25th, 26)