Problem two: What are the ancient Chinese defense facilities structures Ancient city defense protective equipment
"Wujing General" cloud: "the way of guarding the city, not rely on its not come, rely on me to wait for it; not rely on its not attack, rely on me to have not attacked also. " That is to say, careful deployment, active defense, is the king's way. Good in the Chinese ancient people are good at summarizing and accumulating experience, wrote a lot of later generations of the city's defense "operation of the codex", and gradually formed a set of mature "standard" equipment system.
One class is the implementation of blocking. Outside the moat, there are generally three or four artificial barriers, mainly thistles k, antler wood, horse pit, horse guns, etc., the main purpose is to prevent the enemy, especially cavalry troops near the front.
Tribulus terrestris k has wood tribulus terrestris k and iron tribulus terrestris k points. Wood thistles k is a kind of annual herb, fruit shell has hard thorns, ancient combat often on the ground, it will be collected and sprinkled in the path of the enemy army, used to stab the enemy troops and horses feet. Tribulus terrestris is naturally an artificially created "bionic" weapon with the same function, but stronger and recyclable. The book "Mozi" mentions the use of tribulus terrestris many times, pointing out that in addition to storing them inside the city, they should be set up at the entrance and exit of tunnels and portals in order to prevent the enemy from sneak attacks. Similar to tribulus terrestris, there are also iron lingjiao, which are mainly deployed in trenches with shallow water, or streams and ponds near the city to prevent enemy troops from wading across.
Deer horn wood is like antlers of the wooden obstacles, divided into branches and tree trunks of two kinds, up to several feet long, one end of which is inserted into the soil for more than a foot, its purpose is also mainly used to block the cavalry, a bit like modern war defense commonly used in barbed wire. This kind of blocking equipment invented in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms period Wei army had a large number of applications in the defense of the city. Used to slow down the enemy cavalry action and trap pit, generally set up in the enemy road and the city gate inside and outside the two sides, was a huge zig-zag or subzig-zag arrangement, the bottom of the pit is filled with sharpened and baked with fire antler guns and bamboo sticks, pit on the ruminant grass or grass seedling cover, in order to deceive the enemy. In addition, there is a trap device called machine bridge, mainly deployed in the trench, usually with the normal bridge is no different, but when the enemy attacked the city, it can be removed from the Juniper wood, the enemy troops trampled on the bridge, the bridge will be immediately overturned.
The other category is defensive weapons. If the above blocking facilities were only the first line of defense, then the second line of defense, and the most important line of defense, was to deal with the defense of the citadel, which was as dense as ants climbing and attacking the citadel (i.e., the moths of Mozi, or the ants of Sun Zi). One of the earliest and most used defensive weapons should be logs. As early as in the "Zhouli? Autumn Officials? Job gold" in the sparse "Lei, defending the city defense of the equipment" related records.
The ring is a huge wooden post nailed to a sharp reverse whisker nails, and then thrown by gravity to produce the killing force of the defensive weapon. In addition to wooden logs, there are brick logs and mud logs, mainly in the case of scarce resources in the city of wooden logs alternative, the killing power will naturally be greatly reduced. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, the ancients invented a reusable recycled logs, mainly car foot logs and nightstick logs two. The foot logs are from the city to set up a winch, and then the wheels as logs, throw and then take back the winch. And the night fork logs (also known as stay guest live) design is much more ingenious, in the logs at both ends equipped with wheels, although the same rely on the city's winch casting, but because it greatly reduces the friction of the reverse whisker nail and the city wall resistance, the recovery speed to speed up the natural combat efficiency to improve a lot.
Similar to the function of the ring, there is a defensive weapon called "wolf teeth beat". According to "Wujing General" records, wolf tooth beat is in a five-foot-long (1.57 meters), four feet five inches wide (1.41 meters), three inches thick (0.09 meters) of elm boards nailed full of five inches long, heavy six two of the wolf's teeth iron nails two thousand and two hundred, each side of the four mounted on a blade to enhance the lethality. When the enemy attacked the city, the soldiers defending the city used two sets of ropes to raise the beat face perpendicular to the city wall, and when the enemy climbed below the beat face, it was suddenly lowered to produce the most lethal killing force. For the enemy siege with Md (also known as wooden donkey car, four-wheeled vehicle on a wooden frame, covered with cowhide, under the capacity of 10 people, as if the ancient wooden armored car), the soldiers defending the city will use a kind of weapon known as the iron bump wood to destroy. Iron bump wood is a wooden body, iron head, iron head by six iron front composition, each iron front is one foot long (about 30 centimeters), resembling a large wolf's tooth nails. Through the huge impact force, destroy the top of the siege vehicle, and then thrown to the rocket, burning destruction.
Against the attacking soldiers, there is an interesting offensive defense weapon, the so-called "flying hook", also known as "iron ^". It is composed of a sharp iron hook and a long chain. Because the enemy soldiers attacking the city wearing iron helmets, wearing iron armor, often inconvenient to move, coupled with the fear of attacking vectors and stones, do not dare to raise their heads ...... >>
Question 3: What are the physical defense facilities in the square The shopping center in Nanjing Wanda Plaza will introduce as many as 15 anchor stores, department stores, supermarkets, commercial pedestrian street, fitness, food and beverage, cinema and other commercial business into one, which can satisfy the people's four major needs of shopping, leisure, entertainment, and socializing. The new record of the business.
Question 4: In terms of security, what are the main technical and physical defense facilities?
Question 5: What is the physical defense project of the school? Please look at the content of the "three defenses" to know
The campus security "three defenses" construction includes three aspects of human defense, physical defense and technical defense.
(a) the construction of human defense.
The construction of human defense mainly includes the school to establish and improve the internal security organizations and systems, the implementation of security responsibilities, the hiring of professional security personnel, security coordinators, as well as according to the actual situation of the school, the organization of the staff security team, school guards, emergency response team, and so on.
Sound school safety management organization. Schools should be established as appropriate security office (section, room), equipped with office (section, room) leaders and full-time security officer, responsible for the school's security education, management, training, internal security and defense work.
Security personnel, security coordinator is the main force of campus security patrol guard. School security personnel, security coordinators need to be qualified by the local public security organs of the security department for business training before they can go on duty. Security personnel and security coordinators on duty, should be uniformly dressed, wearing security identification and equipment.
(ii) physical defense construction.
The physical defense construction mainly includes the key parts of the school, important areas, key places to install guardrails, anti-theft doors and gallows facilities, reinforcement, heightening of the campus fence, set up on campus fire, traffic safety, food hygiene and other security facilities. Schools for security personnel equipped with the necessary duty, protection, arrest and other equipment. Schools along the highway, the highway in front of the school set up signs, speed bumps, crosswalks, speed limit signs, pedestrian crossings and other traffic signs.
(C) technical defense construction.
The construction of technical defense mainly includes the school gate, student apartments, staff housing, financial offices, laboratories, teaching buildings, libraries, cafeterias, warehouses, playgrounds, hallways, important entrances and exits, peripheral complex sections of the road and other key places, key locations to install video surveillance, anti-theft alarms, fire alarms, call for help, access control intercom and other electronic management systems.
Question 6: Mom ancient Chinese defense facilities have what structures This depends on what defense measures. And what scale of defense facilities. Take an ordinary city as an example:
Moats, trenches outside the city, to prevent the enemy from approaching the city walls. Including the goat and horse wall that protects the moat.
Walls, this is basically all defenses, just some are fortress walls and such.
Drawbridges, which can be retracted, to and from the passage over the moat.
Corner towers, archery towers,, towers, city walls used to release arrows to hit the other side of the facility.
Urns, small towns outside the gates, used to protect the gates from direct attack.
Enemy platform, a protruding part of a city wall that forms a raised surface with the surrounding walls, allowing enemy soldiers attacking the wall to be hit from multiple directions.
Question 7: What are the obstacles to military defenses? In modern warfare, there are virtually no defensive ****ments, except for artillery. In World War I, the military powers basically build defense lines, and by World War II, only France poured all the strength of the country in creating the so-called Maginot Line, and the speed of France's defeat is the best evidence of the obsolescence of the fortifications. The possibility of positional warfare is 0
With the German blitzkrieg in World War II as a start, to promote the process of military mechanization, this mechanized warfare, any man-made fortifications are useless, a carpet bombing will be able to sweep away all the fortresses, an armored division's charge will be able to capture all of the amount of positions. In the modern high-tech competition, the kind of trench, the kind of bunker has no trace, because, the concept of deep strike into the hearts and minds of the people, decapitation tactics are also quite popular, there is no need for positional warfare. Gulf War, often Lark's armored forces can not even find the enemy, not to mention the ground infantry, this war fortifications are not useful
But still can introduce you to the fortifications
Infantry trenches minefields, bunkers foxholes, catholic holes power grids wire triangles pits; armored vehicles have anti-tank ditches Czech hedgehogs; beachheads have minefields and so on
Hope! Adoption!
Question 8: What is the property human defense property defense technology defense? As we all know, the human defense project is a special underground building with protection requirements, and its common classification has the following:
According to the division of resistance level, the project can be directly called a certain level of human defense project;
According to the division of wartime use, it can be divided into the command and communication, personnel shelter, hospitals, rescue stations, warehouses, garages and so on;
According to the usual use can be divided into shopping malls, Amusement parks, hotels, theaters (halls) and so on;
From the engineering construction method, divided into two categories of excavation works and pits and tunnels.
In order to reasonably reflect the cost of the project, the budget quota and the project budget is usually categorized by the way the project is constructed.
First, excavation type civil defense project
Excavation type civil defense project, refers to the use of the first excavation project pit earth to the design elevation, and then poured the project, and then back to the soil backfill method of construction of the civil defense project. For the use of excavation constructed in the usual wartime use of underground passages that is, tunnels, should also be included in the scope of excavation works; for the pit tunnels engineering incision to a long time to use the construction of the excavation part of the construction, from the perspective of the implementation of the pricing quota, in addition to the incision of the earth and stone, should also be included in the implementation of the corresponding quota of the scope of the excavation works.
Excavation type civil defense project, according to the project on the ground whether there is a ground building, and is divided into a single construction type civil defense project and attached construction type civil defense project. Single building and attached to the construction of human defense works in the construction method there is no difference, only in the engineering design to determine the load factors to be considered differently.
Annexed human defense works and ground building boundaries of the division, generally to the top surface of the top plate of the human defense project for the boundary, the top surface of the top plate above the part should be included in the ground building calculations.
Due to restrictions on the construction period or due to other requirements, the use of inverse method of construction works, that is, the first excavation of the top part of the project earth, drilling and filling columns, and then poured the top plate, soil restoration of the ground traffic, and then in the top plate under the cover of the dark excavation, pouring the base plate, walls, etc. to complete the project structure, according to the inverse method of construction of the construction of the human defense project from the construction method, between the digging and pitting tunnel project, but the structural type of force. From the structural type of force and completely different from the pit tunnel project, only a slightly different way of constructing the excavation project.
Second, the pit tunnel civil defense project
The pit tunnel civil defense project from the construction method, refers to the use of concealed excavation (digging and blasting) construction of civil defense projects. Structurally speaking, the pit tunnel project is the use of engineering upper cover layer and engineering support (being compound) structure **** with the composition of the bearing structure of the project.
The pit road project is divided into pit road project and tunnel project according to the different types of construction mouth.
The pit project refers to the use of higher than the ground of the mountains, hills, terraces from the natural ground or natural ground above the part of the incision, digging horizontal inclination 5o) is divided into vertical shaft project and inclined shaft project.
According to the geological conditions of the pit tunnel project construction area, and is divided into earth works and stone works.
Question 9: Those belong to the physical defense aspect of the security equipment security work all need what equipment? Depending on what you are punished, human defense or technical defense or physical defense. Physical defense is mainly walls, fences, curtains, safes locks and so on can be categorized as such; technical defense is mainly access control
Question 10: What are the ancient Chinese defense facilities structures Ancient city defense protective equipment
"Wujing General" cloud: "the way of guarding the city, not rely on its not come, rely on me to wait for it; not rely on its not attack, rely on me to have not attacked also. " That is to say, careful deployment, active defense, is the king's way. Good in the Chinese ancient people are good at summarizing and accumulating experience, wrote a lot of later generations of the city's defense "operation of the codex", and gradually formed a set of mature "standard" equipment system.
One class is the implementation of blocking. Outside the moat, there are generally three or four artificial barriers, mainly thistles k, antler wood, horse pit, horse guns, etc., the main purpose is to prevent the enemy, especially cavalry troops near the front.
Tribulus terrestris k has wood tribulus terrestris k and iron tribulus terrestris k points. Wood thistles k is a kind of annual herb, fruit shell has hard thorns, ancient combat often on the ground, it will be collected and sprinkled in the path of the enemy army, used to stab the enemy troops and horses feet. Tribulus terrestris is naturally an artificially created "bionic" weapon with the same function, but stronger and recyclable. The book "Mozi" mentions the use of tribulus terrestris many times, pointing out that in addition to storing them in the city, they should be set up at the entrance and exit of tunnels and portals to prevent enemy sneak attacks. Similar to tribulus terrestris, there is also iron lingjiao, which is mainly deployed in trenches with shallow water, or streams and ponds near the city to prevent enemy troops from wading across.
Deer horn wood is like antlers of the wooden obstacles, divided into branches and trunks of two kinds, up to several feet long, one end of which is inserted into the soil more than a foot, its purpose is also mainly used to block cavalry, a bit like modern war defense commonly used in barbed wire. This kind of blocking equipment invented in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms period Wei army had a large number of applications in the defense of the city. Used to slow down the enemy cavalry action and trap pit, generally set up in the enemy road and city gate inside and outside the two sides, was a huge zig-zag or subzig-zag arrangement, the bottom of the pit is filled with sharpened and baked with fire antler guns and bamboo sticks, pit on the ruminant grass or grass seedling cover, in order to deceive the enemy. In addition, there is a trap device called machine bridge, mainly deployed in the trench, usually with the normal bridge is no different, but when the enemy attacked the city, it can be removed from the Juniperus wood, the enemy troops trampled on the bridge, the bridge will be immediately overturned.
The other category is defense weapons. If the above blocking facilities were only the first line of defense, then the second line of defense, and the most important line of defense, was to deal with the defense of the citadel, which was as dense as ants climbing and attacking the citadel (i.e., the moths of Mozi, or the ants of Sun Zi). One of the earliest and most used defensive weapons should be logs. As early as in the "Zhouli? Autumn Officials? Job gold" in the sparse "Lei, defending the city of defense equipment" related records.
The ring is a huge wooden post nailed to a sharp reverse whisker nails, and then thrown by gravity to produce the killing force of the defensive weapon. In addition to wooden logs, there are brick logs and mud logs, mainly in the case of scarce resources in the city of wooden logs alternative, the killing power will naturally be greatly reduced. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, the ancients invented a reusable recycled logs, mainly car foot logs and nightstick logs two. The foot logs are from the city to set up a winch, and then the wheels as logs, throw and then take back the winch. And the night fork logs (also known as stay guest live) design is much more ingenious, in the logs at both ends equipped with wheels, although the same rely on the city's winch casting, but because it greatly reduces the friction of the reverse whisker nail and the city wall resistance, the recovery speed to speed up the natural combat efficiency to improve a lot.
Similar to the function of the ring, there is a defensive weapon called "wolf teeth beat". According to "Wujing General" records, wolf tooth beat is in a long five feet (1.57 meters), four feet five inches wide (1.41 meters), three inches thick (0.09 meters) of elm board nailed full of five inches long, heavy six two wolf tooth iron nails two thousand and two hundred, each side of the four mounted on a blade to strengthen the killing power. When the enemy attacked the city, the soldiers defending the city used two sets of ropes to raise the beat face perpendicular to the city wall, and when the enemy climbed below the beat face, it was suddenly lowered to produce the most lethal killing force. For the enemy siege with Md (also known as wooden donkey car, four-wheeled vehicle on a wooden frame, covered with cowhide, under the capacity of 10 people, as if the ancient wooden armored car), the soldiers defending the city will use a kind of weapon known as the iron bump wood to destroy. Iron bump wood is a wooden body, iron head, iron head by six iron front composition, each iron front is one foot long (about 30 centimeters), resembling a large wolf's tooth nails. Through the huge impact force, destroy the top of the siege vehicle, and then thrown to the rocket, burning destruction.
Against the attacking soldiers, there is an interesting offensive defense weapon, the so-called "flying hook", also known as "iron ^". It is composed of a sharp iron hook and a long chain. Because the enemy soldiers attacking the city wearing iron helmets, wearing iron armor, often mobile, coupled with the fear of attacking vectors and stones, do not dare to raise their heads ...... >>