1, from the medical device management category classification, non-invasive ventilator belongs to the second class of medical devices, invasive ventilator belongs to the third class of medical devices (the highest level of the third class, need to be issued by the State Pharmaceutical Bureau of the license); the easiest way to distinguish between them, look at the medical device registration certificate, is the third class or second class.
2, from the patient, tracheal intubation (or tracheotomy) ventilation is invasive, mask ventilation is non-invasive.
3, invasive ventilators can be connected to high-pressure oxygen; (the advantage is that it can be high pressure, high flow, high oxygen concentration to meet the needs of critically ill patients; disadvantages: must be driven by oxygen, oxygen consumption.
4, invasive ventilator can also be connected to the non-invasive ventilator mask use, but the general oxygen consumption is relatively large, high oxygen concentration, can not completely replace the non-invasive ventilator.
5, imported high-end invasive ventilator with a built-in turbine, can also be connected to high-pressure oxygen, can realize the invasive non-invasive one, but the price is relatively high, the mainstream emergency ventilator is still on the market using oxygen-driven (including imported) more.
6, so the invasive emergency ventilator can be divided into: with a built-in turbine (only imported high-end machines have) and without a turbine (the mainstream are this).
7, non-invasive ventilators have a built-in turbine, without the need for an oxygen source can be used; (disadvantage: only through the mask or respiratory line indirect low-pressure and low-flow oxygen, pressure and oxygen flow is too low, the oxygen of the patient with serious illnesses and did not enter the patient's lungs, which will lead to low blood oxygen.
8, non-invasive ventilator tubing in the middle plus the platform valve when the invasive ventilator use, for pressure requirements are not high, oxygen concentration requirements are not high, flow requirements are not high in some invasive patients can be used for a short period of time, but critically ill patients, demanding patients are not good to use.
Expanded information:
Classification of the ventilator
First, according to the use or application of the Types of classification
(a) controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) 1, definition: the patient in the case of autonomic respiration is weakened or disappeared, completely by mechanical ventilation machine to produce, control and regulate the patient's breathing.
2. Apply to: the disappearance or weakening of spontaneous breathing caused by disease; spontaneous breathing irregularity or frequency is too fast, mechanical ventilation can not be coordinated with the patient, the spontaneous breathing will be suppressed or weakened by artificial methods.
(B) assisted mechanical ventilation (AMV) 1. Definition: the patient's breathing exists, by the ventilator to assist or enhance the patient's voluntary breathing.
The various kinds of mechanical ventilation are mainly triggered by the patient's inspiratory negative pressure or inspiratory airflow.
2. Apply to: although the voluntary breathing exists and more regular, but the voluntary breathing is weakened and insufficient ventilation of the patient.
Second, according to the use of mechanical ventilation pathway classification
(a) intrathoracic or airway pressurization type
(b) extrathoracic
Third, according to the inhalation and exhalation phase of the switching mode
(a) fixed-pressure type: the pressure in the airway reaches a predicted value, the ventilator opens the expiratory valve, the thorax and lungs are passively atrophied or by the negative pressure to produce expiration, when the pressure in the airway continues to fall, the ventilator again generates airflow by positive pressure and causes inspiration.
(ii) Fixed-volume type: the predicted tidal volume is delivered to the lungs by positive pressure, and when the predicted tidal volume is reached, the air supply is stopped and the expiratory state is entered.
(3) Timed: supply air according to the pre-designed time of inspiration and expiration.
(D) Hybrid type (multi-function type).
Fourth, according to the ventilation frequency
(a) high-frequency ventilation: ventilation frequency & gt; 60 times / min.
1. Advantages: low airway pressure, low intrathoracic pressure, little interference with the circulation, no need to close the airway.
2. Disadvantages: unfavorable to the elimination of carbon dioxide.
3, classification: high-frequency positive pressure ventilation, high-frequency jet ventilation, high-frequency oscillation ventilation.
(B) normal frequency ventilation: ventilation frequency <60 times / min.
V. According to whether there is a synchronization device or performance classification
(a) synchronized ventilator: the patient's voluntary respiration of inhalation can be triggered at the beginning of the ventilator, so that it is supplied to the patient's airway, and produces an inspiratory action.
(ii) non-synchronized ventilator: the patient's breathing or inspiratory negative pressure can not trigger the ventilator air supply, generally only used for controlled mechanical ventilation of patients.
Six, according to the applicable object classification
(a) infant ventilator
(B) young children ventilator
(C) adult ventilator
VII, according to the principle of work classification
(a) simple ventilator