1. The nature of China's state (p4)
China is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
2. At the present stage, China's people include (p4)
workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of socialist undertakings, patriots who support socialism, and patriots who support the unification of the motherland.
Note that Chinese citizens who do not belong to the Chinese people are:
Criminals deprived of their political rights
②Foreigners with Chinese nationality
③Splitters of the country
④Hostile forces and hostile elements that are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.
3. The people are the masters of our country and society. (p4)
(Manifestation of mastership: equal power in state and social affairs)
4. What are the rights of citizens; what are the fundamental rights of citizens? (p5)
Citizens' rights refer to certain rights and interests recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws.
Since the civil rights stipulated in the Constitution are the main and most fundamental rights of the citizens, they are called the basic rights of the citizens
5. What are the similarities and differences between the people and the citizens, and who are included in the citizens of our country? (p6)
People is a political concept, in different countries and the same country in different periods of history, has a different class content
Citizens is a legal concept, refers to the nationality of a country and according to the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the country, enjoy the rights and obligations.
Chinese citizen: one must have Chinese nationality to be considered a Chinese citizen. (Some over-born Chinese people do not have Chinese nationality, so they cannot be regarded as Chinese citizens.)
6. How the rights of citizens in China are safeguarded (p7)
China has established a system of rights protection centered on the Constitution, with legislative and judicial safeguards as the main elements, to safeguard the rights of citizens.
Legislative guarantees: that is, the rights of citizens are recognized in the form of law, and the state coercive force is used to safeguard them.
Judicial safeguard: it is to safeguard the rights of citizens by sanctioning all kinds of violations through law.
7. What are the basic rights of the citizens in China? (p9)
The basic rights of citizens involve various fields such as politics, economy and culture, and cover many aspects such as family life, school life and social life. Specifically, they include: ① the right to equality ② political rights and freedoms ③ freedom of religious belief ④ the right to personal freedom ⑤ ...... ⑨
(The Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of the fundamental rights of citizens.)
8. Citizens should exercise their rights properly in this way? (p10--11)
①Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
②Citizens should not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective when exercising their rights.
③The rights are to be exercised within the limits permitted by law.
④ To exercise rights in a lawful way.
9. How to Exercise the Right to Freedom of Expression (p. P11)
Firstly, citizens must not use freedom of expression to insult or slander others.
Second, citizens may not use their freedom of speech to abet or incite others to commit acts that jeopardize national security, undermine national unity, undermine social morality, or disrupt social order.
10, the obligations of citizens are divided into two categories: legal obligations and moral obligations, what is meant by legal obligations? What are the basic obligations of our citizens as stipulated in the Constitution? (p16)
Citizens' obligations stipulated in the Constitution of China are statutory obligations and the basic obligations of our citizens. Statutory obligations are the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated in the Constitution and the law. (Specifics are scratched in the textbook, ***6)
11, what is meant by moral obligations, what is the role of moral obligations, and what are the basic ethical norms that citizens of China must abide by? (p17)
The term refers to members of society who consciously and voluntarily assume moral responsibility for others and for society in accordance with the moral norms of society. Patriotism and law-abidingness, courtesy and honesty, solidarity and friendship, diligence and thrift, self-reliance, and dedication
12. Why must citizens fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (P14-15)
①We can't just get without giving, and we can't just enjoy our rights without fulfilling our obligations. ②With regard to legal obligations, we must fulfill them because they are stipulated in the Constitution and the law ③In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are consistent. Each of us is both the subject of enjoying rights and the subject of fulfilling obligations.
13. What is the relationship between law and socialist morality in China? (p19.d1)
China's laws and socialist morality complement, promote and supplement each other. All acts forbidden by law are acts condemned by socialist morality; there are many legal obligations which are at the same time requirements of socialist morality.
14. How to fulfill obligations faithfully?
①What the law encourages us to do, we actively do
②What the law requires us to do, we must do
③What the law forbids us to do, we resolutely do not do
Unit II
1. What is the right of personality? (p25)
The right to personality is the right to be a human being.
2. What do personality rights contain? What are their characteristics? (p25)
(1) material personality rights (the right to life and health)
(2) spiritual personality rights (the right to freedom . Right to name. Right to portrait. Right to honor. Right to privacy )
3. What are the primary personality rights? (p25d.2)
Among the personality rights of citizens, the right to life and health is in the first place
4. Characteristics of personality rights (p24, 25)
①The right to personality is a prerequisite for a person to associate himself with the society and to have all kinds of connections and interactions with others.
②The right to personality goes with life and accompanies us from birth
③It is enjoyed by each person individually, and may not be transferred, abandoned, inherited, or unlawfully restricted by others, nor may it be separated from our person.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (P26)
Answer: ① within the limits permitted by law, the citizen's person and will are entirely at his own disposal
② citizens are not subject to unlawful searches of their bodies
③ citizens are not subject to unlawful confinement
④ citizens are not subject to unlawful detention of their bodies
6, what special protection do our laws give to minors? (p26.d2)
Answer: ①China's laws prohibit the abuse and abandonment of minors, and the drowning and abandonment of infants.
②Prohibit employers from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.
③ Prohibit the arrangement of underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not yet 18 years old) to engage in underground mines, toxic and harmful, labor-intensive labor.
7. What are the laws protecting citizens' right to life and health in China? (p27)
Answer: The Constitution, the Criminal Law, the General Principles of Civil Law, and the Law on Public Security Administration Punishments
8. What are the laws that specialize in protecting minors?
The Law on the Protection of Minors The Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
9. What are the ways in which citizens can exercise their right to health? (p28)
Answer: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise, improve health, so that they have a strong body and renewed spirit
② the right to timely medical treatment in the event of illness, to restore health and strengthen the body
③ when their lives and health by others unlawful infringement of their right to self-defense and legal protection
10, dignity of the human personality, the Law of the People's Republic of China
The Law of the People's Republic of China
The Law of the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
9, citizens to exercise the right to health?
10. What does the right to human dignity include? (p35)
The right to honor, the right to portrait, the right to name, the right to privacy, the right to life and health, the right to freedom and so on.
11, the meaning and performance of the right to honor (p38)
The right to honor is the right of people to exclude others from infringing on the objective social evaluation they have obtained according to law.
The main manifestations are: the right to dominate the interests of reputation and the right to maintain reputation.
12. What are the violations of the right to reputation? (p38,39)
①Insult: refers to the language, words or violent means to degrade the personality of others, damage to the reputation of others, divided into verbal insults, written insults and violent insults.
② defamation: refers to nothing, fabricate and spread false facts, maliciously defaming others, divided into oral and written defamation.
③ news reports are inaccurate.
④False accusation.
13. What is the right of portrait? (p40)
A portrait is a reproduction of the human body image centered on looks.
14. What are the ways of representation of portraits? (p40)
Painting (self-portrait), sculpture, paper-cutting, photographing, videotaping and so on.
15, what is the status of the portrait? (p40)
Portrait is also the basic sign of every person's personality.
16. What does the right to portrait include? (p41)
The right to portrait includes: the right to make portrait, the right to use it and the right to be paid for it.
17, what are the violations of portrait rights? (p41.d2)
(1) If a citizen's portrait (advertisement, magazine cover, calendar) is used for profit, the consent of the portrait right holder must be obtained, otherwise it constitutes an infringement.
(2), maliciously destroying, defacing or scandalizing citizens' portraits.
(3) Personal attacks on portraits, etc.
18, what is the right to name? (p43)
The right to a name is the right of a citizen to decide on, use and change his or her name in accordance with the law, and to exclude others from infringing on it.
Adults who have reached the age of 18 have the right to decide on their own what name they want to be called; to decide on and use their own names, pen names, and stage names; and to change their names in accordance with regulations. However, the right to a name of minors and mentally ill persons shall be exercised by their guardians on their behalf.
19. What are the contents of a person's name and what is the status of the name? (p43)
(Contents) A name consists of a formal name, a former name, a pen name and a stage name.
(Status) The name is the basic sign of each person's personality.
20. What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to a name? (p44)
21, the meaning of privacy (P46)
Privacy is the citizen does not want to be known or not willing to disclose, and has nothing to do with the public *** interests of the individual's private life secrets. It includes three aspects: private information, personal private affairs, private space (P46)
22. The significance (necessity) of the protection of privacy (P46, 47)
(1). It is the need for human independence and freedom (2). Is the need of people for their own peace and security (3). It is the need to build a modern society that is human-centered and honors humanity and individuality.
23, the meaning of the right to privacy (P48)
The right to privacy refers to the right of citizens to enjoy the tranquility of private life and the confidentiality of private information in accordance with the law. Our laws protect citizens' right to privacy.
24, the content of the right to privacy (p48-50)
(1) the right to the tranquility of private life (2) the right to the confidentiality of personal information (3) the right to the confidentiality of private communications
25, what should be done to respect the privacy of others? (p51-52)
(1) Establish the sense of privacy
Understand that everyone is an independent individual, everyone has his or her own privacy, and we can't interfere in other people's private affairs, don't inquire or spread other people's secrets, and rectify the bad habits of not respecting other people's privacy.
Strengthening the sense of responsibility and credibility
(2) There is a need to strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility, and to keep secrets for relatives and friends.
Infringement of privacy performance
26. What are the infringements of privacy? (p53)
Surveillance, prying into other people's private lives, prying into other people's secrets by peeping into diaries, opening letters, etc., spreading other people's privacy by hearsay, and illegally utilizing other people's personal information, etc., are all violations of the right to privacy.
27. Ways to protect your privacy (p55)
(1) Use the law to protect your privacy.
When the right to privacy is infringed upon, we should bravely take up the legal weapon and take the way of negotiating with the infringer on our own and requesting judicial protection to demand the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize for the injury; and if this results in greater mental suffering, we also have the right to ask for mental compensation.
(2) Enhance the awareness of self-protection and put a lock on your privacy.
The way of legal protection P55 infringer to stop the infringement, apologize, eliminate the impact . Demand spiritual compensation and so on.