China's Tang clothes - not the key, the strong Tang Dynasty is the key ......
"The Tang Dynasty (618~907), one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, is also recognized as one of the strongest eras in China.
The Tang was one of the most powerful countries in the world at the time, with brilliant achievements in culture, politics, economy and diplomacy.
The Tang Dynasty, along with the Sui Dynasty, is considered by historian Huang Renyu to be China's second imperial period after the Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally consider the Tang Dynasty to be the end of China's "Middle Ages" period. The Tang Dynasty was one of the most powerful in Chinese history, so the Chinese were called "Tang people", and today's Western Chinese neighborhoods are also known as "Chinatown"."
--Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia, Tang Dynasty
Chinese characters--Chinese characters themselves are a greater source of pride for the Chinese people than the Tang dresses; they are one of the finest scripts in the world in terms of aesthetics, culture, and so on, and the Chinese language is one of the most beautiful and fascinating in the world. The Chinese language is also one of the most beautiful and attractive languages in the world; moreover, the Han Dynasty is also a great history of China --
"The two Han Dynasties were a great period of history in the world at that time, from the period of Emperor Gaozu of Han to the period of Emperor Wenjing of Han, the Han Dynasty, with its economic power skyrocketing, became the No. 1 empire in the East, together with the western Rome with Western Rome as the two great empires. The great powers of Central Asia and the West were also feared. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Empire had become the most powerful empire in the world, and the Xiongnu Empire was defeated and fled to the north. Zhang Qian opened the famous "Silk Road" for the first time in the Western Regions, opening the way for trade between the East and the West, and China became the center of the world's trade system until the Mongol rebellion more than a thousand years later. It was because of the prestige of the Han Dynasty that foreigners began to call the Chinese "Han", and the Han Dynasty people were happy to call themselves that, "Han" has since become the great Chinese nation of China's eternal name.
The Han Dynasty was the second great unification of China, established by Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty. The first capital Chang'an, also known as the Western Han Dynasty, the former Han Dynasty; the second capital Luoyang, also known as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the latter Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was a strong and rich dynasty in the early feudal period of China. It inherited and consolidated the unified state begun by the Qin Dynasty, with a prosperous economy, a strong state, and a peaceful and happy people, presenting a scene of peace and prosperity. During this period, China has been standing in the face of the world as a world power. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty is regarded as the first golden period in Chinese history. The Western Han*** passed on to fourteen emperors and lasted for 210 years.
The Western Han Dynasty was an important period in the history of the development of the Chinese nation, and it was during this period that the Han, the core of all Chinese ethnic groups, emerged. Since the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the cultures of the original Warring States period have been interpenetrating and integrating, and the Chinese region gradually became unified in terms of rules and regulations, language and writing, culture and education, and customs and habits during the Western Han Dynasty, constituting the ****same Han culture. From then on, the various ethnic groups in the Chinese region emerged as the unified Han nationality. The Han and the neighboring minorities were all members of the multi-ethnic state of China during the Han Dynasty. The Han, due to its high degree of civilization, has been in a dominant position among the brotherly ethnic groups in China, as a result of historical development and natural formation. Although the names of the dynasties after the Han Dynasty have changed, the status of the Han as the main ethnic group in China has remained unchanged. "
--Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia, Han Dynasty
The Four Great Inventions--In the history of human civilization, the Four Great Inventions are one of the symbols that make our country an ancient civilization, and the importance of the Four Great Inventions to the world is self-evident. The importance of their influence on the world is self-evident; however, as Mr. Lu Xun said - "While foreign countries use gunpowder to make bullets to defend themselves against the enemy, China uses it to make firecrackers to honor the gods; while foreign countries use compass needles to navigate the sea, China uses it to read feng shui."
...... So - eating the old Chinese only face confidence, and only Q-style "self-consciousness overly good"; the confidence on the inside, as well as foreigners to our confidence, only we Chinese rely on the current scientific and technological inventions to fight.
Chinese culture - recognized by most people around the world ......
"Chinese culture is also known as Huaxia civilization. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the longest lasting civilization in the world."
Traditional culture includes --
"Lunar Calendar - Martial Arts - Twenty-eight Constellations - Couplets - Dragons - Doctrine of the Five Elements - Bagua - Traditional Chinese Festivals - Ancient Chinese Philosophy - Confucianism - Qi - Tao - Tea Ceremony"
Traditional Disciplines There are --
"Mathematics: Zhou Thigh Calculus; Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art (by Liu Hui in the Three Kingdoms); Zu Chongzhi; Abacus.
Astronomy: observation and recording of celestial phenomena, invention of observational instruments: kuibiao; hunyi; jianyi; gaobiao; yangyi, formulation of the calendar (Lunar Calendar).
Medicine: Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine.
Agriculture: "The Essentials of Qi Min" by Jia Si Foi "Notes on the Water Classic" by Li Daoyuan
The Four Great Inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.
Architecture: See also Chinese architecture, gardens, temples, palaces, the Forbidden City, the Alhambra Palace, towers, the Great Wall of China, and tomb architecture.
Painting: Chinese painting, Qingming Shanghe Tu.
Calligraphy: Jinwen - Seal Script - Official Script - Regular Script - Running Script - Cursive Script - Hard Handwriting.
Music: Chinese folk music, Chinese opera, traditional folk songs.
Handicrafts: paper-cutting, Chinese embroidery.
Dance: Ancient Dance, Zhou Dynasty Elegant Music , Big Dance , Small Dance , Han Dynasty Music , Tang Dynasty Music and Dance , Modern Dance , Colorful Ribbon Dance , Wugong , Fan Dance .
Opera: Peking Opera, Pian Opera, Yue Opera, Cantonese Opera, Flower Drum Opera, Hunan Flower Drum Opera.
Compositions: Comedy, Songzai Opera, Shadow Play, Bubai Opera, Nanqu Opera, Gaojia Opera.
Opera and film: Chinese film, Chinese film history, Chinese television, Chinese television history.
Costumes: See Chinese costumes.
Diet: See Chinese cuisine .
Eight Cuisines : Sichuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
Cantonese Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
Huichang Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
Chopsticks
Education: Guozijian , Imperial College , imperial examination system , private schools , academies , Hanlin Academy .
Literature: see Classical Chinese literature.
Chinese mythology.
Chinese fables.
Chinese allusions .
Chinese novel .
Chinese Poetry .
Sports : Xiangqi -- Go -- Martial Arts (Kung Fu) -- Qigong -- Cuju -- Mahjong ."
"If the Chinese nation is to achieve great rejuvenation, the vitality of Chinese civilization must be strengthened, not only by expanding its scope, but also by enhancing its attractiveness through inheritance, development and innovation. "
--Excerpts from Baidu Encyclopedia, Chinese Culture
Large size--not the key, having rich resources in the vast land of China is the key ......
"Total energy resources are relatively abundant. China has relatively abundant fossil energy resources. Among them, coal is dominant.In 2006, coal retained resources of 1,034.5 billion tons, and the remaining proven recoverable reserves accounted for about 13% of the world's total, ranking third in the world. Proven reserves of oil and natural gas are relatively insufficient, and unconventional fossil energy resources such as oil shale and coalbed methane have greater potential. China has relatively rich renewable energy resources. The theoretical reserves of hydropower resources translate into an annual power generation capacity of 6.19 trillion kilowatt-hours, and the economically exploitable annual power generation capacity is about 1.76 trillion kilowatt-hours, equivalent to 12% of the world's hydropower resources, ranking first in the world."
--Excerpt from Baidu Encyclopedia, China's Energy Situation and Policies
The world's largest population - not the key, having tons of great talent is the key ......
"Low per capita energy resource ownership. China's population is so large that its per capita ownership of energy resources is at a low level in the world. The per capita amount of coal and hydropower resources is equivalent to 50% of the world average, and the per capita amount of oil and natural gas resources is only about 1/15 of the world average. Arable land resources are less than 30 percent of the world's per capita level, restricting the development of biomass energy."
"Uneven distribution of energy resource endowment. China's energy resources are widely but unevenly distributed. Coal resources are mainly located in North China and Northwest China, hydropower resources are mainly located in Southwest China, and petroleum and natural gas resources are mainly located in East, Central and West China and the sea. China's major energy-consuming regions are concentrated in the economically developed regions along the southeast coast, and there are obvious differences between resource endowment and energy-consuming regions. Large-scale and long-distance transportation of coal from the north to the south, oil from the north to the south, gas from the west to the east, and electricity from the west to the east is a significant feature of China's energy flow and the basic pattern of energy transportation.
The development of energy resources is difficult. Compared with the rest of the world, China's coal resources have poor geologic mining conditions, with most reserves requiring shaft mining and a very small amount available for open-pit mining. Oil and natural gas resources have complex geological conditions, deep deposits, and high technical requirements for exploration and development. The undeveloped hydro resources are mostly concentrated in the high mountains and deep valleys in the southwestern part of the country, far away from the load center, which makes it difficult and costly to develop. Non-conventional energy resources have a low level of exploration, poor economics and lack of competitiveness.
Since the reform and opening up, China's energy industry has developed rapidly, making important contributions to guaranteeing the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, mainly in the following ways:
Significantly improved supply capacity. After decades of efforts, China has initially formed a coal as the main body, electric power as the center, oil and gas and renewable energy resources for the overall development of the energy supply pattern, basically established a more complete energy supply system. A number of mega coal mines with a capacity of 10 million tons have been built, and the total primary energy production in 2006 amounted to 2.21 billion tons of standard coal, ranking second in the world. In 2006, the total primary energy production amounted to 2.21 billion tons of standard coal, ranking second in the world, of which the raw coal production amounted to 2.37 billion tons, ranking first in the world. Several large-scale oil production bases have been built, including Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe and Tarim, and crude oil production in 2006 was 185 million tons, achieving steady growth and ranking fifth in the world. Natural gas production increased rapidly, from 14.3 billion cubic meters in 1980 to 58.6 billion cubic meters in 2006. The proportion of commercialized renewable energy in the primary energy mix has gradually increased. Electricity has developed rapidly, with installed capacity and power generation reaching 622 million kilowatts and 2.87 trillion kilowatt-hours respectively, both ranking second in the world. The comprehensive energy transportation system is developing faster, with significantly enhanced transportation capacity, the construction of a dedicated railroad line and port terminals for the eastward transportation of western coal, the formation of a pipeline network for the southward transportation of northern oil, the completion of a major trunk line for the eastward transmission of western natural gas, and the realization of the eastward transmission of western electric power and the interconnection of the regional power grids.
Energy conservation has been remarkable, and from 1980 to 2006, China's energy consumption grew at an average annual rate of 5.6%, supporting the national economy's average annual growth rate of 9.8%. At constant 2005 prices, energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP fell from 3.39 tons of standard coal in 1980 to 1.21 tons of standard coal in 2006, with an average annual energy-saving rate of 3.9%, reversing the momentum of rising energy consumption per unit of GDP in recent years. The comprehensive efficiency of energy processing, conversion, storage and transportation and end-use was 33 per cent, an increase of 8 percentage points over 1980. Energy consumption per unit of product has dropped significantly, with the gap between the comprehensive energy consumption of steel, cement, large-scale ammonia and other products and the coal consumption of power supply and the international advanced level narrowing.
The consumption structure has been optimized. China's energy consumption has ranked second in the world, with total primary energy consumption amounting to 2.46 billion tons of standard coal in 2006. China attaches great importance to optimizing the structure of energy consumption, with the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption falling from 72.2% in 1980 to 69.4% in 2006, and the proportion of other energy sources rising from 27.8% to 30.6%. The proportion of renewable energy and nuclear power increased from 4.0% to 7.2%, while oil and natural gas increased. There was a clear trend of optimization of the structure of terminal energy consumption, with the proportion of coal energy converted into electricity increasing from 20.7% to 49.6%, and the proportion of commodity energy and clean energy in the energy used by residents for living purposes increasing markedly.
Rapid improvement in science and technology. China has made remarkable achievements in energy science and technology, and the basic research results marked by the "theory and application of land phase oil formation" have greatly promoted the development of petroleum geological science and technology theories. The oil and gas industry has formed a relatively complete system of exploration and development technology, especially the exploration and development of complex blocks and the improvement of oilfield recovery rate, which are in a leading position in the international arena. The coal industry has built a number of large-scale mines with international advanced level, and the degree of comprehensive mechanization of coal mining in key coal mines has been significantly improved. In the electric power industry, advanced power generation technologies and high-capacity and high-parameter units have been widely applied, hydroelectric power plant design, engineering and equipment manufacturing technologies have reached the world's advanced level, nuclear power initially has a million kilowatts of pressurized water reactors with independent design and engineering and construction capabilities, and the research and development of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast breeder reactors have made a major breakthrough in technology. Flue gas desulphurization and other pollution control, renewable energy development and utilization technologies are rapidly improving. Positive and negative 500 kV DC and 750 kV AC power transmission demonstration projects have been completed and put into operation, and positive and negative 800 kV DC and 1000 kV AC ultra-high-voltage power transmission test and demonstration projects have begun to start.
Progress in environmental protection. The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection, and strengthening environmental protection has become a basic state policy, with environmental awareness generally rising in all walks of life. after the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, China organized and formulated China's Agenda 21, and comprehensively strengthened environmental protection through the use of legal, economic and other means, and has made positive progress. China's energy policy has also taken the reduction and effective management of environmental damage and pollution caused by the process of energy development and utilization as its main content. 2006, the installation rate of dust removal facilities and the compliance rate of wastewater discharge of coal-fired units reached nearly 100%, the total amount of soot emission was basically comparable to that of 1980, and the soot emission per unit of electricity was reduced by 90%. 2006, the nation's desulfurization coal-fired units that had been built and put into operation reached 1.04 million units, with an installed capacity of 1.5 million units, and the total emission rate of 1.5 million units. In 2006, the installed capacity of thermal power units reached 104 million kilowatts, more than the sum of the previous 10 years, and the proportion of thermal power units equipped with desulfurization facilities in the total installed capacity of thermal power increased from 2% in 2000 to 30%.
Market environment gradually improved. China's energy market environment has been gradually improved, and the reform of the energy industry has been steadily promoted. Breakthroughs have been made in the reorganization of energy enterprises, and the modern enterprise system has been basically established. The main body of investment has been diversified, energy investment has grown rapidly, and the market scale has been expanding. The production and circulation of coal industry has basically realized marketization. The electric power industry has realized the separation of government and enterprises, the separation of plants and networks, and the establishment of regulatory agencies. The oil and gas industry has basically realized the integration of upstream and downstream, domestic and foreign trade. Energy price reform has been deepened and the price mechanism has been improved."
--Excerpt from Baidu Encyclopedia, China's Energy Situation and Policies
Foreign exchange reserves world's No. 1 - not the key, having the world's No. 3 or No. 4 GDP is the key ......
GDP growth rate of the world ...... - is one of the keys, but to be more important is the comprehensive national power including GDP world leading ......
"China's GDP was the second highest in the world in 1936, and it is true that the economy of the Republic of China in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1936, before the world's World War II) was not yet weak. To be sure, at that point in time, all of China ranked second in the world in total GDP, just below the United States and twice that of Japan. Because of its large population, the per capita GDP was about one-ninth or so of that of the United States, and one-fourth of that of Japan."
--Excerpt from China's second highest GDP in the world in 1936
"Between '31 and '37 .....
First of all it was only in 1928 that Japan's industrial output exceeded its agricultural output, and this information can truly reflect Japan's economic structure and comprehensive national power side. Information from <History of economic development in East Asia>;
Secondly, since the outbreak of the Great Depression which spread all over the world, Japan's exports fell by 76.5%, imports fell by 71.7% during 1929-1931, and the rate of major industries started to work was only 50%, and the production declined drastically, with the gross industrial output dropping by 32.9%, coal dropping by 36.7%, pig iron by 30.5%, steel by 30.5%, and the industrial output dropping by 30.5%, and the industrial output dropping by 30.5%. Gross industrial output fell by 32.9%, coal by 36.7%, pig iron by 30.5%, steel by 47.2% and ships by 88.2%. By 1931, the number of unemployed and underemployed workers in Japan had reached 4 million, and in 1931 there were a record number of 2,415 strikes in Japan. Similarly, agricultural output fell by 40%, and although there was a bumper crop in 1930, the price of rice fell by half. By the end of 1931, Japan was forced to go off the gold standard due to the massive selling of Japanese yen by the international financial markets in view of the financial crisis in Japan, which resulted in a national gold reserve of only 470 million U.S. dollars. (The above information comes from <;World Crisis 400 Years>;)
Thirdly Japan's crisis countermeasures from 1931, the Japanese government began to <;Important Industries Ruling Law>;as the first of a series of economic ruling ordinances, forcibly organizing the trusts and cartels in various sectors, and the Japanese government to the zaibatsu enterprises to issue huge orders, and to accept the huge subsidies to enterprises. The Japanese government issued huge orders to zaibatsu companies and offered huge subsidies and preferential prices to those who accepted the orders, and the government also fostered a group of new zaibatsu based on the military industry, and Nissan was one of them. Despite this, by 1937 Japan's heavy industry had risen to 57.8 percent of industrial output, while the Japanese fiber industry had grown by only 25 percent and the food industry by only 4 percent.
Fourth Japan's military expansion policy before 1937
Through a series of economic domination decrees and integration of various economic measures led by the Law of Important Industry Domination, the eight major zaibatsu and five new zaibatsu controlled 27.2% of the total capital of the Japanese corporations in 1937, and had complete control of all sectors of the economy. In the six years between 1931 and 1937, Japan's fiscal expansion policy, which was mainly based on the stimulation of military production, led to a 50% increase in the total government budget in six years, from 1.476 billion yen in 1931 to 2.282 billion yen in 1936. During the same period, Japan's military expenditure swelled from 454 million yen in 1931 to 1.078 billion in 1936. By 1936, Japan's GDP was 14.6 billion yen, and Japan's national debt to meet the demands of war had exceeded 10 billion yen. In six years, Japan invested 7 billion yen in the Japanese military economy, 25% of which was spent on the construction of state-run military-industrial factories and 75% on military investment in private capital. At the same time, in 1936, military expenditure already accounted for nearly 50% of the Japanese government's expenditure, and Japan's economy had been completely turned into a war economy.
Japan was the first to emerge from the world economic crisis, between 1932 and 1933. At that time, Japan devalued its currency by 35%, which had a serious impact on the world market, which was already in crisis at that time, and Japan's exports at that time was called the "yellow plague" exports. In the same period of 1931-1937, Japan's predatory economic policy and dumping policy in the Northeast Occupation Zone at that time not only provided the Japanese economy with reliable and necessary material security and sales market, but more importantly, Japan saw an opportunity in the military adventure.
Maybe some people judge from the degree of industrialization that China and Japan were not on the same level at that time, but no matter what the viewpoints, it should be admitted that with Japan's economic strength in 1931, the international ability to pay, not to say to support the consumption of a full-scale war, even to support the consumption of a local war is extremely limited, and this can be proved from the war of resistance of 1.28 Shanghai. It was also said that in order to resist Japan, the national government had to make long preparations. Unfortunately, according to the available information, Japan's war preparations far exceeded those of our national government at that time. Simply put, from 1931 to 1937 the power gap between China and Japan was widening rather than narrowing, and during this period the Northeast played a key role in the growth of Japan's power, which is why the Japanese used to say: the Northeast is Japan's lifeline. "
--Excerpted from /question/36329146.html?si=1
Beijing Olympics--This question, speak with facts
< p>As of 23:59 on August 14, 2008, the top five in the Beijing Olympic gold medal table are as follows:Family Name Country and Region Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 China 22 8 5 35
2 United States 10 9 15 34
3 South Korea 6 7 3 16
4 Italy 6 4 3 13
5 Germany 6 2 3 11
And the top five from the 2004 Athens Olympics were as follows:
1 USA 35 39 29
2 China 32 17 14
3 Russia 27 27 38
4 Australia 17 16 16
5 Japan 16 9 12
--Modified on August 15, 2008 at 00:35 by ZeroHero