and the next 104 successor to the fighter, which can be carried on board. In the mid-1970s, Italy requested the development of the G91r, G91y
and the next 104 successors to the fighter, while Brazil proposed the development of the a-x program, the successor to the mb-236gb attack aircraft. In 1980, the two countries reached an agreement on the development of the amx by Aeromeccan and Embraer, and signed a contract for the development of the amx in the same year.
Basic data
Crew: 1
Length: 13.23 meters
Wingspan: 8.87 meters
Height: 4.55 meters
Wing area: 21.0 square meters
Aspect ratio: 3.75:1
Empty weight: 6700 kilograms (14,771 pounds)
Weight carried.
Packed weight: (23,700 lb 10,750 kg)
Maximum takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,700 lb)
Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Spee 807 turbofan engine, 49.1 kN (11,030 lb)
Internal fuel capacity: 3,555 liters (2,700 kg)
External fuel capacity: 2 x 1,000 liters (760 kg)
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,045 km/h (493 knots, 568 mph) 10,975 m (36,000 ft)
Cruise speed: 950 km/h (513 knots, 590 mph)
Cruise speed: 950 km/h (513 knots, 590 mph)
War radius. p>
Operational radius: 889 kilometers (480 nautical miles, 553 miles)
Transit range: 1,800 nautical miles, 2,073 miles (3,336 kilometers)
Landing time: 4 hours, 15 minutes
Operational ceiling: 13,000 meters (42,650 ft.),
Climb rate: 52.1 meters per second ( 10,250 ft/min)
Wing Load: 512 kg/m2 (105 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/Weight: 0.47
Weapons
1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan aerial machine gun (Italy)
2× 30 mm (1.181 in) Bernardini MK-164 gun (Brazil)
Missiles: 2× AIM-9 Rattlesnake missiles or MAA-1 Piranha or MAA-1B Piranha II (under development) or A-Javelin Man (under development)
Bombs: 3,800 kilograms (8,380 pounds) 5 external external mounting points including MAR-1 missiles, general-purpose and laser-guided bombs, air-to-ground missiles and rockets
The AMX's electronics and on-board systems are modular in design, allowing it greater flexibility in carrying out a variety of combat missions
AMX Attack Aircraft
. In addition, a two-seat version of the AMX would remove the forward fuselage fuel tanks, tandemly place a second seat, and be modified to become an advanced trainer that could also perform combat missions. By the end of 1990, the total order quantity was 114, of which 80 were for Italy (including 6 two-seat versions) and 34 for Brazil (including 3 two-seat versions). More than 40 have been delivered (30 Italian and 10 Brazilian). The final order for Italy is expected to be 238 (including 51 two-seaters), but may be compressed to 136 due to funding shortfalls; the final order for Brazil is expected to be 79. The AMX is designed to be simple, efficient, and smooth, capable of performing battlefield interdiction, close air support and reconnaissance missions, and all-weather, low-altitude, hypersonic, surprise-defense missions, as well as taking off and landing smoothly from damaged airstrips and runways. It can also take off and land smoothly on airstrips and damaged runways. Despite being a fighter aircraft designed only in the 1980s, the AMX was designed with an eye to tradition, reflecting traditional Italian aircraft design philosophy. Nevertheless, some advanced design ideas were considered, such as the relaxation of static stability and the principle of break-safe design. The relaxation of static stability improves the maneuverability of the aircraft, while the use of redundancy in the fuselage structure improves battlefield survivability. A key feature of the aircraft is the high level of redundancy throughout the aircraft: electrical, hydraulic and avionics equipment is almost exclusively dual. Equipment such as cables and actuators are physically isolated in order to achieve a high level of damage resistance. For example, in the event of a hydraulic system failure, stored battery power is able to maneuver mechanisms such as landing gear, brakes and front wheels.
Cantilevered upper monoplane with 31° leading edge swept back angle and 12% relative thickness. Aluminum alloy three-beam reinforced skin torsion-resistant box structure. The wing is connected to the fuselage with 3 joints. The full wingspan leading edge slit wing is divided into two segments, and within 2/3 of the trailing edge wing span is a double slit Fuller flap divided into two segments, which can be electrically or hydraulically actuated. In front of the flaps are two hydraulically actuated spoilers, independently maneuverable, which are operated by an Alitalia/GEC-developed flight control computer via a teletype maneuvering system, and can also be used as decelerator/lift plates. On the outermost part of the trailing edge are hydraulically actuated ailerons, also manually maneuverable, without compensating fins.
The fuselage is of elliptical-section aluminum alloy semi-monocoque construction. The forward fuselage has an electronics bay, airborne systems, gun, forward landing gear and cockpit; the center fuselage includes the engine intakes, main landing gear and engine compartment; and the rear fuselage and tail are removable to enable engine maintenance. The drogue is made of carbon fiber composite material, and the rudder and drogue are both swept back. The flat tail is mounted in the center of the rear fuselage, and the mounting angle can be changed. Flat tail and rudder are operated by the flight control computer through the teletype maneuvering system. Elevator and rudder can also be manually operated. Elevator and rudder
AMX Attack
The rudder has no compensating tabs. The landing gear is a hydraulically operated, retractable front three-point, swingarm-suspended structure, all single-wheeled, with oil-pneumatic shock absorbers. The front landing gear is retracted forward, the main landing gear is retracted forward and inward, and the wheels are placed flat in the landing gear compartment under the air intake. The front wheels are hydraulically steerable (±60°) and have anti-sway vibration devices, hydraulic brakes and anti-skid systems, and no speed reducing parachutes. The prototype is equipped with landing arrestor hooks.
The amx is a single-seat, single-winged fighter with a single unboosted turbofan engine and fixed air intakes on both sides of the fuselage.
The amx is a light metal structure, with a composite tail, adjustable flat-tail mounting angle, and a digitally-operated Dewei steering system, with mechanical manual backups for ailerons and elevators. the first prototype of the amx light attack aircraft flew in May 1984, and deliveries began in 1988 for the Italian aircraft and 1989 for the Brazilian. the main difference between the two aircraft is that the amx is a light attack aircraft, with a single-seat engine and fixed air intakes on both sides of the fuselage. The main differences between the two aircraft are the weapons and electronic warfare equipment.
The AMX is equipped with a Rolls-Royce low-ambient-ratio, no-loading, no-loading, and no-loading system. The AMX is powered by a Rolls-Royce low-ambient-ratio unboosted Spee RB.168MK.807 turbofan engine. Capable of delivering 49.1 kN of thrust, the engine is produced under license within Italy by a consortium of three companies, Fiat, Piaggio and Alfa Romeo, and in Brazil by CELMA. Spee RB.168MK.807
AMX Attack Aircraft
The engine was the Spee 101 (for the British Hawker Siddeley Corsair). The engine is a hybrid of the Spee 101 (used in the British Hawker Siddeley Corsair) and the civilian RB.183 (used in the Fokker F28 Friendship regional airliner). Trials of the RB.169MK.821 engine with 58.4 kN thrust for the AMX were also successful and could be a possible upgrade. The Fiat FA150 Nansha auxiliary power unit (APU) is used to start the RB.168MK.807 engine and also serves as ground power, making it very easy to start the aircraft with little ground equipment support. Fuel is contained in the fuselage tanks and two wing tanks, with the inner wing mounts carrying 1,000-liter tanks and the outer wing mounts carrying 500-liter tanks. Single-point pressure or gravity refueling equipment can refuel both internal and external tanks, and aerial refueling is also possible. The Martin-Baker Mk.10L Zero-Zero ejection seat has an 18° downward nose view, a curved monoblock windshield, and a single glass cockpit cover that opens to the right. There is one dual-mount hang point under the fuselage and two under each wing. The fuselage and inner wing hangers can each carry 907 kg, and the outer wing hangers can each carry 454 kg, for a total external capacity of 3,800 kg. Each wingtip can carry an AIM-9L Rattlesnake or similar infrared air-to-air missile. Ground attack weapons include Mk82/83/84 bombs, air-to-ground missiles (including anti-radiation and anti-ship missiles), electro-optical precision-guided weapons and rocket launchers. For reconnaissance missions, three interchangeable reconnaissance undercarriages are fitted with panoramic, TV camera and photogrammetric camera systems, and the fuselage mounts are fitted with infrared/optical equipment pods. The reconnaissance equipment bay is located on the lower right side of the front fuselage, in front of the front landing gear bay. In addition, the Italian version of the AMX is equipped with an M61A1 multi-barrel 20mm cannon with 350 rounds of ammunition, mounted on the lower left side of the forward fuselage. The Brazilian version had a 30mm DEFA 554 gun on each side of the forward fuselage.
The airborne equipment is based on the MIL-1553B Bus Integration System (BIS), which includes the EM-M-200B range-finding radar, the Litton computer-based weapon targeting input system, the external management system, the Alenia flat-screen display, a multi-function display, weapon and navigation displays, active and passive electronic countermeasures equipment, an atmospheric data computer, and a variety of communications, navigation, and enemy identification equipment. , navigation, and enemy identification equipment. The display system is compatible with night vision goggles. Communications equipment includes UHF, VHF and enemy identification equipment. Since some of the equipment is restricted to NATO use, the communication, navigation and enemy identification equipment of the two countries' aircraft is different. China had cooperated with Italy to develop the improved Qiang-5M foreign trade attack aircraft, which used basically the AMX bus and fire control system, giving China its first exposure to the above technology and equipment.
The AMX used by Italy utilizes a modified version of Israel's Elta's EL/M-2001B radar, which operates in the I-band. The Brazilian Air Force's AMX uses the fiar/Tectelcom SCP/01 radar. the AMX has an aerial camera bay next to the main landing gear, and can also carry a white light/infrared reconnaissance pod. The aircraft can also carry the more advanced OudeDelft reconnaissance pod. In addition, it can be equipped with a datalink for real-time transmission of reconnaissance imagery.
The AMX-ATA is a two-seat advanced trainer/attack aircraft capable of performing a variety of combat missions. The modification incorporates new sensor equipment, including forward-looking infrared equipment, helmet mounted displays, EltaEL/M-2032 multi-operating mode radar with air-to-air/sea capability, and armament including anti-ship missiles and medium-range air-to-air missiles. Venezuela originally planned to order eight AMX-ATA advanced trainer/attack aircraft in 1999.
Finally, in 2002, the Venezuelan Air Force (AMV) said it would purchase 12 new AMX-T two-seat trainer-attack aircraft from Embraer to replace the Venezuelan Air Force's T-2D trainers. Under the agreement, deliveries were to begin in 2005
AMX Attack Aircraft
. The Venezuelan Air Force said the Embraer AMX-T was selected after a competition between seven participating bidders. This multi-mission aircraft offers advanced performance and can excel in training and tactical support missions. This is the first successful export of the AMX-T aircraft. It is capable of carrying an infrared optical reconnaissance pod during reconnaissance missions. The Italian version is armed with a 20mm M61A1 multi-barrel gun. The Brazilian version is armed with a 30mm DEFA 554 gun. The Brazilian Air Force intends to equip the domestically produced A-1A (AMX) attack aircraft with its own MAR-1 anti-radiation missile, which will enter service in 2005. The center fuselage and inboard wing mounts*** carry 1,360kg (3,000lb) of weapons and the outboard mounts carry a pair of 455L secondary fuel tanks. Under this firepower configuration, the aircraft flew a "low-low-low" profile at an M number of 0.75 to 0.8, and finally made a final run of 93km (50nm) at 0.95. At this point, the combat radius was 335km (180nm).
Fire control equipment includes OML/Selenia's Horizontal View Display (HUD); Multi-Function Display; SKC-3140 mission computer, which is a 3/4 ATR Field Replaceable Unit (LRU) including computer, bus controller and power supply, *** weighing 9kg; Fiar's I/J-band PM-2500 targeting radar (based on Elta's EL/M-2001B radar); external mount management system (SMS); navigation system (including LN-39 inertial platform, Lisa-2000 alternate attitude and heading reference system (SAHRS), Atmospheric Data Computer, VOR/ILS, ADF, and DME); and communications system (SRT-651 VHF/UHF radio and SIT-241 enemy identifier); and MIL-STD-1553 dual-bus system.
The aircraft can use the Grifo fire control radar. The radar has five field replaceable components (LRUs), including a flat panel antenna unit, transmitter/receiver, radar signal processor, radar data processor, and power supply unit. The system is pulsed Doppler, band I/J, with frequency shortening and pulse compression. The antenna is a flat plate slit array, 41cm x 34cm (16.5in x 14in), with two repetition frequencies, medium PRF and high PRF, 1.7kW peak power, and 67kg (140lb) weight.
AMX attack aircraft external **** has seven weapons mounting points: two under the left and right wings, each wing outboard mount has a maximum mounting capacity of 454kg (1,000lb), and each inboard mount has a maximum mounting capacity of 907kg (2,000lb); under the fuselage there is one mounting point for two bomb racks; and each wingtip can hold one AIM-9L. "Rattlesnake air-to-air missiles on each wingtip. The maximum external weight is 3,800 kg (8,377 lb). Other external attachments include bombs, two types of dispensers, and two types of secondary fuel tanks. The secondary fuel tanks are 580L (127 gallons) and 1100L (242 gallons).
The Italian AMX is capable of carrying GBU-12 Jewel Road laser-guided bombs and is used in conjunction with Opher laser-guided pods made by Israel's Elbit. Sources indicate that the aircraft is also capable of carrying French-made PDLCP target designation pods, but it is not clear whether the aircraft has used this equipment in actual operations. Some sources have suggested that the AMX is capable of carrying AGM-65 Maverick air-to-surface missiles, but no such armament has been found in AMX service, so perhaps this is just one possible weapon configuration. An AMX-T was equipped with the more advanced FIAR-produced Grover multimodal radar in the early 1990s to validate the use of the AM39 Exocet anti-ship missile. The aircraft may also be used to evaluate the Italian Marte anti-ship missile and the German MBB Cormorant 1 anti-ship missile. However, the regular AMX may lack the ability to carry anti-ship missiles. In theory, the AMX could carry reconnaissance equipment in a dedicated compartment on the right side in front of the main landing gear, but it is not clear if such equipment has been developed or what its exact configuration would be. What is certain is that the AMX will be able to carry a reconnaissance pod on a centerline mounting point, said to be an infrared scanning pod inherited from the retired Lockheed Martin F-104G/S Star.
The proposed "AMX-E" electronic warfare variant is based on the "AMX-T". The aircraft is equipped with an electronic jamming antenna to provide accompanying electromagnetic suppression for attack aircraft, or target indication and active attacks on enemy defenses by launching AGM-88 HAM anti-radiation missiles. Alenia, Magee Aviation and Elettronica have completed a feasibility study and signed a contract in 1997 to complete the final configuration, including avionics upgrades, the addition of GPS and the addition of a color LCD monitor for the aft electronic system operator, which will have to be eliminated in order to install the new electronics. "In order to install the new electronics, the Vulcan gun will have to be removed to make the necessary space. The aircraft is armed with anti-radiation missiles such as the HARM as an attack weapon.
In April 1989, six production AMXs began to enter AMI test units, thus beginning their service with AMI. Units in the Italian Air Force using the AMX include 13 Squadron (AMX) and 101 Squadron (AMX/AMX-T) of the 32nd Wing, 14 Squadron (AMX) of the 2nd Wing, 28 Squadron (AMX) of the 3rd Wing, and 103 Squadron and 132 Squadron (AMX/AMX-T) of the 51st Wing. Of these, 32 Wing was based at Foggia-Amendola; 51 Wing was based at Treviso-Istrana.AMI's AMX Wing was grounded for inspection twice, in 1992 and 1996, due to engine failures, but these problems were quickly resolved. During the Gulf War, the AMX was stationed in Turkey for a short period of time, but did not take part in actual combat operations. However, the AMX was used in a series of later conflicts in the Balkans, where it took part in military operations "Prudent Force" in 1995 and "Joint Force" in 1999.
In February 2005, the Italian Air Force chose Alenia to upgrade the 55 AMXs with new avionics, including an INS/GPS navigation system, a new communications system and an Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system, new displays, and the ability to use smart smart weapons, such as Boeing's JDAM (Joint Direct Attack Weapons) smart bombs.
In Brazil, three aviation regiments are equipped with the AMX, two of which are the 116th Aviation Regiment (Adelfi Squadron) and the 310th Aviation Regiment (Centauro, Centauri Squadron). 116th Aviation Regiment is a new regiment that was formed on October 23, 1990, specifically for the purpose of operating the AMX, while the 310th Aviation Regiment was formed on October 23, 1990, and the 310th Aviation Regiment was formed on October 23, 1990, specifically for the purpose of operating the AMX. The 116th Aviation Regiment was a new regiment formed on October 23, 1990 specifically to operate the AMX, while the 310th Aviation Regiment received its first two A-1s on January 15, 1999, replacing the original AT-26s. The third to use the AMX was the 110th Aviation Regiment (Poker, "Cardboard" Squadron), which had previously been equipped with RT-26 aircraft. The squadron is a tactical reconnaissance squadron, equipped with the reconnaissance version of the AMX, the RA-1. The A-1 excellently meets the needs of the Brazilian Air Force: long range (even without aerial refueling), ground-attack accuracy, and good aerial combat capability.
In August 2004, the Brazilian Air Force signed a contract with EMBRAER for a mid-life upgrade of 53 single-seat A-1s and two-seat A-1Bs. The upgrades include three new multi-function color displays, level-view displays, night vision equipment and new communications/navigation equipment. Israel's Elbit is the prime contractor on the project.
While Thailand ordered a sizable batch of AMX strike aircraft in the early 1990s, funding shortfalls forced the country to cancel the deal. Venezuela became the sole export user of the AMX, ordering eight two-seat models and four on an indicative order in 1999. During Brazilian President Lula's visit to Venezuela in February 2005, the two countries reconfirmed the deal, which includes 26 Super Tuccos and 12 AMX-ATA (an acronym for Advanced Trainer/Attack Aircraft). The AMXs will feature a new glass cockpit, forward-looking infrared sensors, helmet sights, Elta's EL/M-2032 multi-modal radar, and a weapons system centered on anti-ship and medium-range missiles, making the aircraft a cost-effective multi-mission fighter. The president of Embraer revealed that the contract is worth about $300 million. Alenia has also been actively pitching the Super AMX to South Africa, which will be equipped with improved avionics and a new turbofan engine, the EJ200 (the same type of engine is also used in the Eurofighter Typhoon).
In February 2006, South Africa's Daniel Aerospace Services (formerly known as Kentron), the South African Air Force (SAAF), and the South African Department of Defense (DND) signed an agreement in principle with the Brazilian Air Force (BAF)'s Research and Development Department (R&D) for the joint development of a new air-to-air missile (AAM), with a formal contract valued at ZAR(R) 300 million to be signed in a few weeks' time. The new air-to-air missile is a new version of Daniel's Spear air-to-air missile, the Agile Spear, which has been under development for some time, and is being developed from a prototype to operational production through the involvement and funding of the Brazilian Air Force, which will then introduce the missile as a defense procurement. The Agile Spear is a short-range air-to-air missile, unlike the medium-range air-to-air missile developed by Daniels and equipped by the South African Air Force (SAAF). It is possible that the Brazilian Air Force may in the future acquire the Lance from the South African Ministry of Defence to equip its modernized F-5M fighters with enhanced over-the-horizon air combat capabilities.
AMX-T
A two-seat advanced trainer variant of the 1986 antiwar aircraft, the AMX-T first flew in 1990 and equipped the Italian and Brazilian air forces.
AMX-ATA
Based on the AMX-T, the AMX-ATA is a multi-mission strike fighter that combines an advanced trainer and attack aircraft for combat missions and advanced training. It utilizes new sensors, forward-looking infrared helmet displays, and a new multi-mode radar. The Venezuelan Air Force ordered eight AMX-ATAs in 1999, but they were rejected by the U.S. Congress.
AMX-R (RA-1)
Brazilian Air Force's version of the AMX reconnaissance aircraft.
AMX A-1M
The Brazilian Air Force's version of the AMX avionics upgrade.
The AMX light attack aircraft shouldn't be able to be carried on board. A modification is possible. It's a bit more detailed than that. Might be a bit off topic though. Hopefully, I agree.