Rationale:
Study of the objective laws of the electromagnetic field and its application of science and technology, as well as electric power production and electrical manufacturing two major industrial production system. Electromagnetism is a fundamental physical property of matter prevalent in nature. Therefore, the study of electromagnetic laws and their application of electrical science and technology on all aspects of material production and social life, including energy
Source, information materials and other pillars of modern society have a profound impact. Electricity as a secondary energy, easy to obtain from a variety of ways (such as hydroelectric power, thermal power, nuclear power generation, solar power and other new energy generation, etc.), but also easy to convert to other forms of energy to meet the needs of social production and life (such as electric power, electric heat, electrochemical energy, electric light source, etc.). Compared with other energy sources, electric energy in the production, transmission, use of more easily regulated. This series of advantages, so that electric energy has become the most ideal secondary energy, especially by people's attention. The development and application of various emerging electrical materials have enriched the content of modern materials science. The understanding of the unity of the material world, the birth of modern physics and the development of system cybernetics, etc., are directly or indirectly affected by the development of electrical engineering. At the same time, the achievements of various neighboring disciplines also continuously promote the development of electrical engineering to a higher level. Therefore, the level of development of electrical engineering is an important symbol of the degree of modernization of society, is to promote the development of social production and science and technology, and to promote social civilization of a powerful lever.
Electrification and modern society Since the 1880s, the application of electrical energy, almost all the technical sectors of social production and people's lives, have been gradually transferred to this new technological basis, and greatly promote the development of social productivity, changing the social lifestyle of mankind, so that the twentieth century to the "electric century" in history. "
Electricity is a new technology.
Electric lighting development earlier. It eliminates the darkness of the night on human life and production of labor restrictions, greatly extending the human labor time used to create wealth, improve labor conditions, enriching people's lives. This has laid the broadest social foundation for the application of electric energy, and become a powerful driving force to promote the production of electric energy. Electric drive is the model
Widest range, the most forms of electric energy applications, electric motors as the most important power source, fundamentally changed the 19th century based on steam power of the primary industrialization of the face. Electrothermal, electrochemical, electrophysical development, opened up a new industrial sector and scientific research areas. In short, the application of electricity not only affects all aspects of material production, but also more and more widely penetrated into all aspects of human life (the wide application of medical appliances and the popularization of household appliances are just two familiar examples). Electrification has become a synonym for modernization to some extent, and the degree of electrification has become an important symbol for measuring the level of development of social material civilization.
Large-scale, multi-level engineering systems Electricity travels at the speed of light , and has so far failed to achieve industrial-scale storage. Therefore, the production and consumption of electrical energy is almost completed in the same instant, with the issue of use. Power generation, power transformation, power transmission, power distribution, power use of the links form an inseparable whole that is always in continuous operation. This set of power generation, power supply, electricity in one of the large power system is one of the most important achievements in the history of human engineering science. To the 1970s, the world has built a number of installed capacity of more than 100 million kilowatts of large-scale power system, which covers the largest area of more than 10 million square kilometers. Each system transmits and distributes more than a trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. In such systems, active currents, reactive currents, high harmonics, negative sequence currents, etc. propagate instantaneously at the speed of light throughout the system. It can not only deliver a large amount of power and create great wealth, but also may cause major catastrophic accidents in an instant. In order to ensure the safe, stable and economic operation of such a huge system, the control mode and automation device of the system put forward high standard requirements. The power system has become the social material production sector in the widest spatial span, strict time coordination requirements, the hierarchical division of labor is extremely complex entity engineering system. In a sense, it is the emergence and development of power systems, promote the formation of systems engineering and automatic control of this high-tech field, and led to a series of industrial, scientific research sector.
Electrotechnical manufacturing and new technologies in electrical engineering Electrotechnical manufacturing industry for the production and consumption of electrical energy system to provide material equipment. With the growth of the demand for electric energy, in order to meet the needs of the construction of large power plants, through the improvement of generator cooling technology, the use of new insulation materials, ferromagnetic materials, and improve the structural design, so that the generator's stand-alone power increase
greater, lower cost . The power of the largest thermal generating units from 1926 160 megawatts increased to 1,300 megawatts in 1973; hydroelectric units from 108 megawatts in 1942 to 700 megawatts in 1978; nuclear power units from 5 megawatts in 1954 to 1,300 to 1,500 megawatts in the 1980s. In line with the expansion of the scale of the power system, the transmission and transformation equipment capacity has also increased rapidly. After the first set of 380 kV AC transmission and substation equipment was made in 1952, AC transmission and substation equipment of 1,000 to 1,500 kV was made successively after the 70's. About 70% of the power equipment used in the power system was made of 380 kV AC transmission and substation equipment. About 70% of the load in the electrical equipment for the motor, such as steel rolling motor and blast furnace blast motor, its single power were up to 12,780 kilowatts and 36,000 kilowatts; small there are hundreds of different uses of micro-motor. The emergence of power electronics technology not only makes the DC power transmission technology can be steadily developed, but also to make AC and DC transmission technology and a variety of power conversion technology have been revolutionized. It will be microcomputer control and power to perform a close combination of unified completion of the logic, control, monitoring, protection, diagnosis and other integrated functions, and vigorously promote the integration of electromechanical technology trend.
Efforts to explore new ways of power generation is an important aspect of the development of electrical engineering. Since 1954, nuclear power generation soon became the third largest power generation after thermal power, hydropower. the late 50's, magnetic fluid power generation came to prominence, by 1985 has built 500,000 kilowatts of industrial magnetic fluid - steam combined heat and power station . The realization of controlled fusion reaction is one of the ways to finally solve the energy problems of human society. All countries have concentrated their research efforts. By the 1990s, mankind was moving towards the door of solving this problem.
The new breakthroughs in superconducting materials research have shown people the attractive prospects of the superconducting electrician era. Fuel cells and power storage batteries can be built in a decentralized manner, without the need for long-distance transmission, and will potentially open up a whole new realm of power supply and demand systems.
Scientific research, technological development, production and application of the crystallization of the close coordination of the application of electrical energy as a symbol of the technological revolution is different from its predecessor in the fundamental point of the technological revolution is that it is not directly from the workshop or other areas of production and practice, but from the scientific laboratory. It is the emergence of its first science and technology as a productive force
clearly written in the history of human understanding.
Human beings noticed the electromagnetic phenomenon in nature at an early stage, but it was not until 1800 that A. Voltar invented the Voltar battery in his experiments, which enabled mankind to obtain a continuous and stable power supply for the first time, promoting the study of electricity to current and starting the research of electrochemistry, arc discharge and lighting, electromagnet and other applications of electric energy.1831, M. Faraday
discovered through experiments the The law of electromagnetic induction, promoting the development of electromagnetic science and technology. The discovery of this law not only makes static electricity, dynamic electricity (current), current and magnetic field mutual induction and a series of electromagnetic phenomena to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the unity, but also laid the foundation of the principle of mechanical and electrical energy conversion. 1873, J.C. Maxwell derives the basic equations describing the theory of the electromagnetic field - Maxwell system of equations In 1873, J.C. Maxwell introduced the Maxwell's System of Equations, the basic equations describing the electromagnetic field theory, which became the theoretical basis for the whole field of electrical engineering. The invention of the generator realized the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, conquered the magical power hidden in nature, and foretold the arrival of the electrification era. At the same time with the invention of the generator process, electric lighting, electroplating, electrolysis, electric smelting, electric power and other industrial production technologies have matured. Bred power generation, variable
Electricity, power transmission, power distribution, electricity for the birth of the power system. 1890s three-phase AC power transmission technology invention, so that the electric power industry with the status of the basic industries into the ranks of the modern industry, ushered in the 20th century, the electrification of the new era. Modern science and technology and industrial development is the process of basic theoretical research, applied research,
Technology development is closely integrated. The trend of scientific and technological synthesis is increasingly obvious. Individual research must be turned into collective research. 1876, T.A. Edison took the lead on this necessary path, founded the world's first industrial applied research laboratory. In this praised "invention factory", he organized a group of specialists in charge of the division of labor, *** with the same commitment to the same invention, breaking the tradition of the past only by individual scientists engaged in research alone. This level of development of science and technology and productivity with modern technology and development of technology research and development of the correct path, showing great vitality, not only to promote the rapid development of electric power production and electrical manufacturing industry, but also created a basic science, applied science, technology development of the three closely integrated, synergistic development of the precedent.