1) freezer
The freezer is the place where the goods entering the cold storage are frozen. Before the goods enter the cold storage or freezer, they should be frozen in the freezer, so that the goods can be evenly cooled to a predetermined temperature. Otherwise, under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, the goods will directly enter the cold storage or freezer to produce fog, which will affect the structure of the warehouse. For refrigerated goods, it is generally lowered to 2 ~ 4℃, and for frozen goods, it is quickly lowered to -20℃ for frozen goods. In order to freeze the goods reasonably, the goods should be stored in the freezer to cool them evenly. Because the pre-cooling operation is only a short-term operation, the goods are not stacked, and they are generally in a high handling activity state, and most of them are directly placed on handling equipment, such as carts or pallets.
In order to facilitate maintenance, freezers are generally set up separately outside the warehouse.
2) Refrigeration room
Refrigerated goods cold storage is a cold storage with a temperature of about 0℃, which is used to store cooled and preserved goods. When the precooled goods reach the uniform fresh-keeping temperature, they will be sent to the cold storage for stacking and storage, or a small amount of goods will be sent directly to the cold storage for refrigeration. Because refrigerated goods, especially fruits and vegetables, have high temperature requirements and are not allowed to fluctuate greatly, it is necessary to carry out continuous cold treatment in the refrigeration room. Cold storage generally adopts air-cooled refrigeration. In order to prevent the temperature of goods from rising and keep fresh air circulating between goods, cold storage generally adopts stacking method. In addition, ventilation devices need to be installed to meet the requirements of cargo breathing.
3) Frozen warehouse
Cold storage is a cold storage where the temperature is controlled at about-65438 08℃ and the relative humidity is between 95% and 98%. This kind of cold storage room can store precooled goods for a long time. After precooling, the goods are transferred to the cold storage for stacking. Generally speaking, the stack is small to reduce the internal temperature. The bottom of the stack is raised by a pallet or pallet and generally does not touch the ground. For long-term storage of frozen goods, it is necessary to keep light wind speed circulation in the freezer to reduce the loss of water-containing goods.
4) Transformer room
Cold storage is not convenient for sorting, grouping, measuring and inspecting goods. In addition, in order to control the temperature and humidity of the cold storage and reduce the consumption of cold energy, it is necessary to shorten the opening time and times as much as possible to avoid temperature fluctuation in the cold storage. Therefore, when the goods leave the warehouse, they should be quickly moved from the cold storage or cold storage to the distribution room, where they can be operated and shipped. Although the temperature in the power distribution room is also low, it works directly outside the warehouse, and the temperature fluctuates greatly, so the power distribution room cannot store goods.
5) Transmission equipment
Goods transportation equipment is used to transfer goods in cold storage. Elevator is mainly used for vertical displacement, and belt conveyor is mainly used for horizontal displacement. The quantity of cargo transmission equipment shall be determined according to the cargo throughput and cargo turnover times of the cold storage.
6) Other facilities
The compressor room is the refrigeration power center of the cold storage, which is generally a single-story building. Because of the high temperature in the machine room, the machine room should be located in a well-ventilated place to ensure the safe operation of the compressor. The distribution room should have good ventilation conditions to ensure the timely diffusion of heat generated by the transformer.
The facilities of ice-making room generally include ice-making pool, ice-melting pool and ice-lifting equipment. When making ice quickly, special complete sets of equipment can be used.
The temperature in the freezer is generally controlled at -4 ~-8℃, and the walls and columns in the freezer need to be protected to prevent ice from hitting.