In the face of the epidemic, good nutritional protection against the epidemic

Science guide: Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nutrition Zeng Yaoci

Respiratory tract infections are very common, can occur throughout the year, mostly in infants and young children, the elderly and the immune system of the population. Currently, new coronavirus pneumonia (NCVP) is prevalent. Viral virulence, personal susceptibility, and resistance are key to the onset of the disease, and good personal nutrition can reduce the risk of morbidity and improve the prognosis of the disease.

Experts

In addition to avoiding contact with the virus during an epidemic of C.N.C.P., individuals and families should ensure good nutritional status to strengthen their resistance.

Recently, the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN) put forward the following 10 dietary and nutritional expert recommendations on combating the epidemic of neocoronavirus pneumonia, which are recommended to be followed:

1

Daily intake of high-protein foods, including fish, meat, eggs, milk, legumes, and nuts, with additional quantities added to the usual ones; not eating wild animals

2

Eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, adding more to the usual amount;

3

Drink plenty of water in moderation, not less than 1500ml per day;

4

Diversify the types of food, its sources and colors, with not less than 20 kinds of food per day; don't be partial to food, and combine meat with veggies;

5

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Ensure adequate nutrition, add more to the usual diet, both full and good;

6

Inadequate diet, the elderly and patients with chronic wasting basic diseases, it is recommended to add commercial enteral nutrients (special medical food), and additional supplementation of no less than 500 calories per day;

7

During the epidemic of neoconstriction pneumonia, do not Do not diet or lose weight during the epidemic;

8

Regular work and rest and adequate sleep, ensuring that sleep time is not less than 7 hours a day;

9

Individual type of physical exercise, the cumulative time of not less than one hour a day, do not participate in group physical activity;

10

During the epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia, it is recommended to take a moderate supplement. Compound vitamins, minerals and health foods such as deep-sea fish oil.

For "Article 6 dietary deficiencies, the elderly and patients with chronic wasting basic diseases, it is recommended to increase the commercial enteral nutrients (special medical food), additional supplementation of not less than 500 calories per day," click on the blue words to view the "Milk, chicken broth, health care, food homogenate and special medical Please click on the blue words to see the tweets "Milk, chicken soup, health food, food homogenization and special medical food" and "Promote recovery, improve the efficacy of treatment, starting from enteral nutrition therapy". If you are unable to eat or the amount of food is significantly reduced, or if you are in doubt, it is recommended to go to the nutrition outpatient clinic or the Department of Nutrition for consultation.

For "10. During the epidemic of new coronary pneumonia, it is recommended to take appropriate supplementation of compounded vitamins, minerals, and health food such as deep-sea fish oil", we will focus on the story, because respiratory infections are closely related to autoimmune deficiencies and related nutritional element deficiencies.

Vitamin A

is an essential trace element, an anti-infective vitamin, which regulates the body's cellular and humoral immune function, thus achieving the purpose of improving the body's resistance and immunity to external infections. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to lower levels of IL-1 and IgG, which can damage the respiratory barrier and normal flora balance, reduce the ability of the respiratory system to clear bacteria and viruses, and ultimately induce respiratory infections?

Usually, we define serum vitamin A level less than 0.35 μmol/L as clinical vitamin A deficiency; 0.35~0.70 μmol/L as subclinical vitamin A deficiency; and 0.70 ~1.05 μmol/L as suspected subclinical vitamin A deficiency, i.e. borderline vitamin A deficiency.

Consumers are advised to consume more vitamin A-rich animal foods, especially animal liver, vitamin A-fortified foods, and cod liver oil, to avoid vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin C

In summary, although no preventive effect on upper respiratory tract infections was found, vitamin C supplementation (200-1000 mg/d) reduced the duration of upper respiratory tract infections and assisted in symptomatic improvement. Given the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections, inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, and the safety of vitamin C, supplementation with vitamin C is reasonable, especially in children younger than 6 years of age and those with a high frequency of upper respiratory tract infections.

In addition to supplements, it is safer to consume adequate amounts of vitamin C through the diet. Vegetables with the highest vitamin C content include: persimmon peppers, kale, pea shoots, rape shoots, chili peppers (green and sharp), cauliflower, sweet potato leaves, bitter melon, broccoli, and turnip tassels.

Fruits high in vitamin C include: prickly pear, sour dates, winter jujube, sea buckthorn, Chinese kiwi, red fruit, strawberries, papaya, cinnamon, lychee and so on.

Vitamin D

Specific vitamin D receptors exist in many cells, and 1.25-(OH)2D3 has a multifaceted effect on the immune system. The effects of 1.25-(OH)2D3 on the immune system are multifaceted, including: regulating the differentiation of antigen-presenting cells, the proliferation of lymphocytes, and the secretion of cytokines; inhibiting the production of interleukin IL-12 by macrophages and dendritic cells; down-regulating the expression of major histocompatibility antigen (MHC)-II molecules and co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7; directly inhibiting the proliferation of cells and their ability to secrete IL-2 and interferon (IFN-γ); and acting on helper T cells, thereby indirectly inhibiting B cell synthesis and secretion, and indirectly inhibiting B cell synthesis and secretion. It can indirectly inhibit the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin by B cells and increase the activity of suppressor cells.

A study in the UK showed a negative correlation between circulating levels of 25(OH)D and the rate of respiratory infections. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D may increase resistance and reduce excessive tissue damage during infection.

Zinc

The trace element zinc is associated with immune function? Once the body is deficient in zinc, it will have a serious impact on the immune system and can easily lead to respiratory infections?

Zinc has a direct impact on the human immune system, the mechanism is as follows:

(1) For the body of the Th1 type of cytokine secretion, but also on the body of the Th2 cytokine secretion inhibition, the formation of the Th1/Th2 balance again?

(2) Increase the level of IgG, stabilize mast cell membrane, and reduce airway inflammation, inhibit asthma?

(3) Zinc is a good antioxidant and can participate in the formation of Cu/Zn-SOD? activates glutathione peroxidase, etc. and reduces airway inflammation?

(4) Zinc can also be involved in maintaining the integrity of human epithelial cells and tissues, which has a positive effect on the repair of epithelial cells and improves the body's level of resistance to infection, thus avoiding the occurrence of infections in the respiratory tract?

Common zinc-rich foods are oysters, dried razor clams, scallops, squid, cuttlefish, and so on. For people with low immunity whose zinc intake cannot be met by daily food, zinc supplements can be taken as appropriate.

Probiotics have a preventive effect on respiratory infections, reducing the duration, frequency, and duration of antibiotic use for respiratory infections. As early as 2013, WPIO approved the patent application of Listeria rhamnosus LGG & Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 from Chr Hansen A/S, Denmark, Denmark, for the preventive treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, confirming its clinical effect (Listeria rhamnosus LGG & Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 composition, applied to shorten the duration of upper respiratory tract infections in adolescents, adults or to reduce the severity of symptoms by 33%). reduce the severity of symptoms by 33%), and was granted a patent for worldwide application (Patent No. WO/2013104783 A1).

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine published a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial study of probiotics for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was beneficial for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, reducing the morbidity rate by 22% and reducing the duration of antibiotic use by 3 days.

A study in the Journal of Pediatrics of probiotics for the prevention of non-respiratory/gastrointestinal infections in 742 children aged 5-16 years showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG 1×109 cfu/d given during hospitalization and continued up to 7 days post-discharge reduced respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children by 12% and 22%, respectively.

Samuli Rautava published a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of a specialized probiotic strain to reduce the risk of acute infections in young children, where administration of LGG+BB-12 1×1010 cfu/d from 2 months to 12 months of age reduced the probability of recurrent respiratory tract infections and otitis media in young children.

1

10g of Lycium barbarum, 6g of chrysanthemum, and 2g of bittersweet tea were given as tea substitute.

Effects: quench thirst and promote the production of fluids, eliminate heat and reduce fire.