So the architecture of the Internet of Things can be divided into:
Perception layer, network layer and application layer three levels.
1, perception layer:
Perception layer is the bottom layer of the Internet of Things, but it is the core ability to realize the comprehensive perception of the Internet of Things, mainly to solve the problem of data acquisition and connection between the biological world and the physical world.
2, network layer:
The widely covered mobile communication network is the infrastructure for realizing the IoT, and the network layer mainly solves the problem of transmitting data over long distances obtained by the perception layer.
It is the middle layer of IoT, and it is the part with the highest degree of standardization, the strongest industrialization ability and the most mature among the three major layers of IoT.
3. Application Layer:
The IoT application layer is to provide rich IoT-based applications and is the interface between IoT and users (including people, organizations and other systems). It combines with industry needs to realize intelligent applications of IoT and is the fundamental goal of IoT development.
Expanded Profile:
Sensing Layer:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a wide range of applications of various sensing technologies. There are a large number of multiple types of sensors on the IoT, and different categories of sensors capture different information content and information format, so each sensor is the only one source of information.
The data obtained by the sensors is real-time in nature, and the environmental information is captured periodically at a certain frequency, and the data is constantly updated.
The Internet of Things uses radio frequency identifiers, global positioning systems, infrared sensors and other such sensing devices, which act like the five senses of a human being, to recognize and obtain data and information about all kinds of things.
Through these sensing devices, can make any inanimate object is anthropomorphized, so that the object can have "feelings and sentience", so as to realize the intelligent control of the object.
Often, the sensing layer of the Internet of Things includes carbon dioxide concentration sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, two-dimensional code labels, electronic tags, barcodes and readers, cameras and other sensing terminals.
The perception layer collects the source of information, and its main function is to recognize objects and collect information, and its role is equivalent to the five functional organs of human beings.
Network layer:
It consists of various private networks, the Internet, wired communication networks, wireless communication networks, network management systems and cloud computing platforms, etc. It is equivalent to the nerve center and brain of a human being, and is responsible for transmitting and processing the information acquired by the perception layer.
Transmission of the network layer, mainly through the combination of the Internet and various networks, the transmission of a variety of received sensory information, and to achieve information interaction *** enjoyment and effective processing, the key lies in the optimization and improvement for the characteristics of the Internet of Things applications, the formation of a collaborative sensory network.
The purpose of the network layer is to realize the transparent transmission of data between two end systems. Its specific functions include addressing, routing, and connection establishment, maintenance, and termination. It provides services that eliminate the need for the transportation layer to understand the data transmission and switching techniques in the network.
The network layer was created as a result of the development of the Internet of Things. In the environment of on-line systems and line exchanges, communications technology is literally changing the way people live and work.
Sensors are the "sensory organs" of the IoT, and communication technology is the "nerve" of the IoT that transmits information reliably.
The development of communication technology, especially wireless communication technology, provides a reliable transmission channel for the data generated in the perception layer of IOT. Therefore, the development of various related communication technologies, such as Ethernet, mobile networks, wireless networks, etc., provides a reliable transmission guarantee for the information transmission of IoT data.
The IoT network layer is the second of the three major hierarchies, and the IoT requires the network layer to transmit the information received at the perception layer in an efficient and secure manner.
Application layer:
The industry characteristics of IoT are mainly reflected within its application areas. At present, there are attempts to apply IoT in various industries such as green agriculture, industrial monitoring, public **** security, city management, remote medical care, smart home, intelligent transportation and environmental monitoring, and certain industries have accumulated some successful cases.
The key to combining IoT development technology with industry informatization needs to achieve solutions for a wide range of intelligent applications lies in the integration of the industry, the development and utilization of information resources, low-cost and high-quality solutions, the guarantee of information security and the development of effective business models.
The perception layer collects a large amount of diverse data, which needs to be processed accordingly in order to make intelligent decisions. Massive data storage and processing requires more advanced computer technology. In recent years, with the development and integration of different computing technologies formed by the cloud computing technology, is considered to be the most powerful technical support for the development of the Internet of Things.
Cloud computing technology provides a platform for the storage of massive data for IoT, in which the development of data mining technology and database technology provides a possibility for the processing and analysis of massive data.
The standard system of IoT application layer mainly includes application layer architecture standards, software and algorithm standards, cloud computing technology standards, industry or public application type standards and related security system standards.
Application layer architecture is an object-oriented service architecture, including SOA architecture, communication protocols between business processes, process management for upper-tier business applications, metadata standards, and SOA security architecture standards.
Cloud computing technology standards focus on open cloud computing interfaces, cloud computing interoperability, cloud computing open virtualization architecture (resource management and control), cloud computing security architecture.
Software and algorithm technology standards include data storage, data mining, massive intelligent information processing and presentation. Security standards focus on security architecture, security protocols, user and application privacy protection, virtualization and anonymization, and service-oriented adaptive security technology standards.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is synonymous with a new type of information system, which is a combination of three aspects:
One is "things", i.e., the digital information space realized by sensors, radio frequency identifiers, and a variety of actuators to be associated with actual things;
The second one is "network", i.e., the use of the Internet to connect the digital information space with actual things;
The second one is "network".
The second is "network", i.e., the use of the Internet to interconnect these things and the entire digital information space to facilitate a wide range of applications;
The third is the application, i.e., the collection and interconnection as the basis for in-depth, extensive, automated collection of a large amount of information in order to realize the application of a higher intelligence and services.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Internet of Things