About five-axis linkage CNC machine tool technology
Five-axis linkage CNC machine tool is a high-tech, high precision, specializing in the processing of complex surfaces of the machine tool, this machine tool system for a country's aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research, precision instruments, high-precision medical equipment, and other industries have a significant impact. The following is my organization on the five-axis linkage CNC machine tool technology, welcome to share.
Five-axis linked machine tools are vertical, horizontal and cradle type two-axis NC table, NC table NC indexing head, NC table 90 ° B axis, NC table 45 ° B axis, NC table A axis, two-axis NC spindle and other types.
Recently, a "China has five-axis linkage CNC machine tool technology" news really let the military fans excited. Speaking of the previous procurement history, experts are a bitter tear: five-axis linkage and other high-end CNC machine tools because of its critical role in aircraft, nuclear submarines and other equipment, has been banned by the foreign sales to the Chinese military enterprises; even if the purchase as a civilian, but also need to commit to lifelong acceptance of foreign manufacturers to monitor and track.
China has a five-axis linkage CNC machine tool technology CNC machine tools will no longer be controlled by people
"In recent years, with the continuous improvement of CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment industry technology, China's high-end CNC technology by leaps and bounds, not only is the five-axis linkage, many other key technologies have been Achieved breakthroughs." National major special "high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment" special expert group member Wang Yong said.
Currently in the industrialization and market promotion and application stage
CNC machine tools is the equipment manufacturing industry, "workhorses", a country's machine tool industry, the level of technology and product quality, is to measure the level of development of its equipment manufacturing industry is an important symbol. China's release of the "Made in China" 2025 "has been the development of high-grade CNC machine tools as China's manufacturing industry as one of the strategic ten key areas.
Wang Yong believes that from 2009 to start 04 special, aimed at aerospace, power generation, automotive, shipbuilding four key areas, now look, several areas have made relevant achievements. In the field of automobile manufacturing, large-scale fast and efficient CNC automatic stamping production line in the international bidding with the world's leading companies to win the U.S. automobile production line of the local plant batch orders. At present, the automotive cover stamping line domestic market share of more than 70%, the global market share has been more than 30%, a strong impetus to the domestic automotive equipment independent.
Industry experts believe that the reliability of machine tool products in the past few years, design and performance testing technology, multi-axis linkage machining technology, and many other key technologies, such as the maturity of a great improvement in domestic high-grade five-axis linkage machine tools began to enter the market.
China Machine Tool Industry Association Deputy Secretary General Guo Changcheng said, 04 special since the implementation of the entire industry has achieved greater development, a number of key core technologies to make breakthroughs, independent innovation capacity has been improved, the overall design of CNC machine tools, manufacturing capacity and level of effective enhancement of the current is in the industrialization and market promotion of the application of the offensive stage.
Blocked, the field of CNC "suffocating" past
For experts in the field of CNC machine tools, there are few things more than the Toshiba machine tool event in 1983.
For experts in the field of CNC machine tools, few events are more memorable than the 1983 "Toshiba Machine Tool Incident.
That year, the Japanese company Toshiba sold the Soviet Union a few five-axis linkage CNC milling machine, the Soviet Union will be used in the manufacture of nuclear submarine propeller propulsion propellers, making the propeller rotating in the water when the noise is greatly reduced, so much so that the United States of America's sonar can not detect the movement of the Soviet submarine. The sale of the CNC machine tools, but also make the Soviet Union's equipment manufacturing industry on a grade, to this day, the U.S. military sonar is difficult to listen to the Russian submarines. For this reason, the U.S. Department of Defense launched an investigation and eventually sent all of the relevant Toshiba executives to prison and banned Toshiba from exporting any goods to any socialist country for one year. In that year, the country could not buy Toshiba appliances or even a Toshiba battery.
What was the state of China's machine tool manufacturing industry at that time? China can manufacture ` mainly ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tool research and production has just begun, CNC system basically rely on foreign technology, can not be developed independently, and the international frontier gap is too large.
Wang Yong said, until today, the United States, Japan and other countries still prohibit the sale of high-tech manufacturing equipment to China, including five-axis CNC machine tools and other high-end CNC equipment.
There are still a lot of "short board" to overcome
It is worth mentioning that, despite the impressive results, but the domestic CNC products are still a lot of "short board" need to overcome.
On the one hand, China's CNC machine tools are still mainly low-end products, high-end CNC machine tools are mainly dependent on imports. Now, the entire domestic consumption of machine tools imports still account for about one-third of the high-end CNC machine tools in the precision and speed with the international cutting-edge technology has a larger gap, more dependent on imports. According to relevant industry reports show that the import rate of high-end CNC products up to 80%.
On the other hand, the serious lag in the development of CNC systems and functional components also plagued the industry. Wang Yong emphasized that the implementation of major special projects over the years to promote the industry's technological progress, but we must see, compared to the rapid development of host technology, high-grade CNC systems and supporting parts of the R & D and production is still in a relatively backward situation.
Compared with developed countries, China's machine tool industry started late, the development of a shorter period of time, technology is relatively backward. Although the scale of the industry ranks first in the world, but is faced with an unreasonable industrial structure, independent innovation ability is not strong and many other challenges. China's machine tool industry in the process of development, not only to accelerate to make up for the reality of the short board, but also in a clear industrial development goals and development priorities under the guidance of the system to enhance the industry **** the level of technology, and vigorously promote the development of high-grade CNC machine tools, and to achieve the transformation of a manufacturing power from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country
Machining Centers
Five-axis linkage machining centers have high efficiency and high precision, the workpiece can be clamped once to complete the machining of five faces. If with five-axis linkage of high-grade CNC system, can also be complex space surface for high-precision machining, more able to adapt to like automotive parts, aircraft structural parts and other modern mold processing. Vertical five-axis machining center rotary axis there are two ways, one is the table rotary axis, set in the bed of the table can rotate around the X-axis, defined as the A-axis, the A-axis general working range of +30 degrees to -120 degrees. There is also a rotary table in the center of the table, rotating around the Z-axis at the position shown in the figure, defined as the C-axis, which are all 360-degree rotary. So through the combination of A-axis and C-axis, fixed in the workpiece on the table in addition to the bottom surface, the remaining five surfaces can be processed by the vertical spindle. A-axis and C-axis minimum index value is generally 0.001 degrees, so that you can sub-divide the workpiece into any angle, machining of tilted surfaces, tilted holes, etc. A-axis and C-axis, such as the XYZ three linear axis of the realization of the linkage, can be processed out of the complex spatial surface, of course, this requires a high-grade CNC system, but also to ensure that the workpiece can be processed. Of course, this requires high-grade CNC system, servo system and software support. The advantage of this setup is that the structure of the spindle is relatively simple, the spindle rigidity is very good, the manufacturing cost is relatively low. However, the general worktable can not be designed too large, load-bearing is also small, especially when the A-axis rotary greater than or equal to 90 degrees, the workpiece cutting will bring a lot of bearing moment on the worktable. Another is to rely on the vertical spindle head rotation. The front of the spindle is a rotary head, can surround the Z-axis 360 degrees by itself, becoming the C-axis, rotary head with a rotary head can be rotated around the X-axis of the A-axis, generally up to ± 90 degrees or more, to achieve the same function described above. The advantage of this setup is that the spindle machining is very flexible and the table can be designed to be very large, so that the huge fuselage of an airliner and the huge engine case can be machined on this type of machining center. This design also has a major advantage: we use a spherical milling cutter processing surface, when the tool centerline perpendicular to the machining surface, due to the apex of the spherical milling cutter line speed is zero, the apex of the workpiece surface quality will be cut out very poorly, using the spindle rotary design, so that the spindle relative to the workpiece to turn an angle, so that the spherical milling cutter to avoid the apex of the cut to ensure that there is a certain line speed, can improve the surface processing quality. This structure is very welcome by the mold high-precision surface processing, which is difficult to do with the table rotary machining center. In order to achieve high precision rotary, high-grade rotary axis is also configured with a round scale feedback, indexing accuracy are within a few seconds, of course, this type of spindle rotary structure is more complex, manufacturing costs are also higher.
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