1. The aircraft design major of undergraduate course belongs to the major category of training;
Aviation engineering universities, such as Xigong University, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines. Generally, the undergraduate program of aircraft design is set up within the framework of its aviation college. In fact, it is more accurate to say that the major is aircraft design and engineering, with a four-year academic system. The first year is basically public basic courses, such as advanced mathematics, college physics, advanced chemistry, English, common sense, etc. The second year is similar. Electrotechnics, mechanical drawing, software foundation, material mechanics, theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics and probability theory, linear algebra, etc. Basically, they are mainly based on public basic courses; In the third year, professional basic courses, such as introduction to aviation, aerodynamics, flight mechanics, aircraft structure design, aircraft overall design, man-machine environment and engineering, are started. In the fourth year, professional elective course training. According to the students' independent choice, one of the four major directions, such as overall design, structural design, flight performance and aerodynamics, is chosen as the elective direction, on the one hand, to combine with the work after graduation from undergraduate courses, on the other hand, it can also be combined with the postgraduate study in the future.
In this mode, the undergraduate course of aircraft design and engineering is general, especially the students who work after graduation, all they have learned are some introductory knowledge, and more professional engineering knowledge can only be released to the unit.
2. The postgraduate stage tends to be subdivided;
Undergraduate students majoring in aircraft design and engineering will take the postgraduate entrance examination in the next semester of junior year. After graduation from senior year, if they pass the examination or have the qualification to walk freely, they can study for postgraduate major. Postgraduate education is divided into professional directions and has been selected at the time of registration. Aircraft design generally includes four parts: overall, aerodynamic, structure and performance. Each block can be further subdivided into different fields, and each graduate student only learns some scientific research skills in a subdivided field for 2-3 years; But there are still some differences between this kind of scientific research skills and engineering skills. Of course, if you study for a doctorate in the future, you will further refine your training, so I won't say much.
3. The engineering design of the research institute is also fragmented;
The major host design institutes/institutes affiliated to AVIC in China are basically divided by specialty. Larger units generally have comprehensive offices, pneumatic offices, structural offices, strength offices, performance offices, man-machine environmental protection offices, etc. Even if he enters the general office, he is just an ordinary engineer, doing the most basic calculation and analysis work, but the software used by each unit and each major is different. What the school teaches is not enough, and the experience of one or two model projects is basically the same. Moreover, if you stay in the general office, you may not be able to grow into a chief designer in the future.
The specialty of aircraft design and engineering belongs to the basic theory teaching in most aviation engineering colleges. It is not enough to expect an undergraduate to become a qualified aviation engineer after graduation. In particular, those universities that newly offer aviation majors, such as Fudan University and Jiaotong University, often focus on mechanical theory teaching, and the experience teaching of aviation engineering is far less than that of Xigong University, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines. Maybe that's why there is a problem.
This is the end of the question-
Friends who are interested in aviation may wish to pay attention to Eagle Airlines. In recent years, with the launch of China's Shenzhou manned spacecraft and the successful landing of Chang 'e IV on the moon, aerospace has become a topic of frequent discussion, and the related aerospace majors have gradually attracted people's attention. Next, I will talk about this kind of major in detail.
First of all, as can be seen from the name, this kind of major actually includes two major directions: "aviation" and "aerospace". In the eyes of many people, the two directions are very similar, but aviation and aerospace are still very different.
A simple distinction is the aircraft in the atmosphere studied by "aeronautics", such as Boeing, helicopter, airship and so on.
"Astronautics" studies the navigation activities of spacecraft in space and outside the earth's atmosphere, such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations, launch vehicles for deep space exploration and strategic missile weapons.
If you carefully distinguish it, you can distinguish it from many aspects such as flight environment, power plant, lifting mode, flight time limit and flight speed, so I won't go into details here. Of course, both airplanes and spaceships can be called aircraft.
Among the undergraduate majors of 2065 438+09-2020, I looked at the aerospace majors, including: aerospace engineering, aircraft design and engineering, aircraft manufacturing engineering, aircraft power engineering, aircraft environment and life support engineering, etc. These majors complement each other, and even many universities recruit students according to major categories.
"Aerospace Engineering" is an all-encompassing major, with a wide range of learning, and the contents of the later majors will involve some.
The major of "Aircraft Design and Engineering" is mainly about aircraft design, including overall design, mechanism design, aircraft shape design and component design.
The major of "Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering" is to manufacture aircraft on the basis of design. The most suitable job for this major is to be an artist in the aircraft or spacecraft manufacturing workshop. After the designer gives you the drawings, you turn them into a process flow and then hand them over to the workers below for production.
The major of "Aircraft Power Engineering" mainly studies aircraft engines. That is, the core device of the aircraft-the power device.
The major of "Aircraft Environment and Life Support Engineering" mainly studies the life support system of manned aircraft. The simplest thing is that, like the oxygen supply equipment on a civil aircraft, at an altitude of 10,000 meters, the thin air is compressed by the engine to a pressure that human beings can breathe normally, and then the compressed air is introduced into the air conditioning system of the cabin. Complex research, such as how the spacesuit worn by astronauts can ensure the safety of astronauts in the harsh space environment.
Learning content
Aerospace major is a high-precision major, so the learning content will involve many knowledge fields. Looking at these majors, the main subjects will study aerospace science and technology, mechanics and so on. If you carefully compare the majors, according to the pertinence of the majors, the learning content is still different:
The core knowledge of "aircraft design and engineering" will include: structural mechanics, aerodynamics, aircraft overall design, aircraft structural design, and more design courses.
The main discipline of "aircraft manufacturing engineering" also includes mechanical engineering. With the core knowledge, there are many courses such as mechanical drawing, mechanical design and manufacturing, material mechanics, computer-aided aircraft manufacturing and so on.
The main disciplines of "aircraft power engineering" also include power engineering and engineering thermophysics. Core knowledge will also include materials mechanics, fluid mechanics, engineering thermodynamics, aerodynamics, heat transfer, automatic control principle, aero-engine principle and other courses.
The core knowledge of "Aircraft Environment and Life Support Engineering" also includes heat transfer, gas dynamics, aerospace physiology, engineering thermodynamics and so on.
Before applying for the specific courses of each major, you can refer to the course schedules on the websites of various universities to see if there are any courses that you can't cope with. From my personal point of view, the arrangement of these professional courses is suitable for people who are smart, rigorous and have strong comprehensive quality in science.
Employment direction
In the direction of employment, many people think that the scope is relatively narrow. In fact, I feel that there are still many employment channels. There are also two main employment directions, one is aerospace and the other is aviation.
First, the spatial direction:
The main direction of space flight is to go to the Academy of Space Flight, from the First Academy of Space Flight (Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology), the Second Academy of Space Flight (also known as Changfeng Group), the Third Academy of Space Flight (also known as Yinghai Group) and the Fourth Academy of Space Flight (also known as Aerospace Chemical Power Research Institute) to the Tenth Academy of Space Flight. Each aerospace institute also has many research institutes and factories, that is, we often hear about "Aerospace Science and Technology Group" and "Aerospace Science and Technology Group". In fact, the research institutes, institutes and business divisions under these two groups are basically the main scientific research forces of China Aerospace, that is to say, they have developed most types of aerospace products.
Second, the aviation direction:
1. If you learn well, you can go to major aviation manufacturers or aircraft parts manufacturers for research, design and production, such as Hafei, Shen Fei, Xifei, Cheng Fei and Guifei.
Of course, you can also go to the military factory to participate in the production of aircraft, or you can go to the army to do ground handling.
3. You can also work in civil aviation companies and in various airlines, which is usually called maintenance.
4. You can also go to an aircraft maintenance company, such as Xiamen Taikoo (both in Shandong Taikoo and Sichuan Taikoo).
But generally speaking, there are many research-oriented units in aircraft design and engineering, such as research institutes, research institutes and design bureaus. The employment direction of aircraft manufacturing engineering will be more like aircraft manufacturing and airline maintenance. Take aircraft power engineering as an example. Some people are in research institutes, others are doing maintenance at airports, and more people go to aero-engine factories.
In addition, many technological achievements of aerospace science have been applied to civil production, especially in the fields of communication, meteorology, electronics, automobiles, air conditioning and so on. Therefore, many companies in these fields also prefer students majoring in aerospace, providing more choices for graduates.
In addition, I summarized all the aviation, aerospace and research institutes and gave them to the education of everything. There are probably hundreds of them. If you are interested, you can let them know more.
employment rate
The employment situation of this kind of major is still optimistic. Undergraduate students basically go to state-owned enterprises, and master students can enter graduate students. The treatment depends on the location of the work unit. The treatment in each place is different, and the salary in different positions is different, but overall it is not bad. Because there are many state-owned enterprises, the salary is not the highest, but the benefits add up to considerable.
To sum up, the salary of first-line enterprises in domestic aerospace enterprises is relatively high. Generally, the monthly salary of undergraduate students is more than 4,000 to 5,000 yuan, and the annual salary of graduate students is between 80,000 and/kloc-0,000. After two years, it will be improved, but the salary increase is relatively slow. The salary of second-tier enterprises may not be so high, but the welfare benefits are also good.
Generally, the employment rate is good. As long as you study better, you can approach 100%.
Students around you
As far as our class is concerned, the employment situation is good. Most of our classmates were signed by AVIC or some factories of the People's Liberation Army, because I didn't write this major alone, and a large group of friends from Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, China Southern Airlines, Tsinghua and Xiamen University discussed it together, so I got a general understanding of the employment situation in their schools. Basically, the employment rate of these schools is generally above 90%, and a few percent of people may be unemployed.
development prospect
In my opinion, in the past few years, the prospects of this kind of major will be very good. Why do you say that? Look at the actions of China's space flight in recent years, the big plane that aviation is doing, and the space flight is developing towards manned lunar exploration. In addition, the future competition for resources may face space resources, and even future wars will be integrated with space. China has realized this, and the country will definitely need talents in this field, and they are high-level talents. Do you think so?
School recommendation
If I had to recommend one university, it would be two in North China and two in South China. That is, Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beihang University, China Southern Airlines, plus Beijing Institute of Technology. Many people may think why I don't recommend Tsinghua and Peking University, saying that universities like Tsinghua and Peking University are more famous, but in our industry's view, Tsinghua is not ranked first in this kind of major. If you know people in our industry, you can also ask them to see if they agree with me.
Beihang's words are mainly due to its superior geographical location. In recent years, it has attracted many excellent students, but the high scores of Beihang University are scary and the cost performance is relatively low.
Although the geographical location of Xigong University is not very good, it used to be an old military industry, with a very deep faculty and high recognition in the industry. At present, most of the chief engineers of all aircraft models such as J- 10, J-7 and J-20, which are under research in China, are graduates of Xigong University. Because of the geographical problem, the score is not too high, that is, changing the region to a good school.
Harbin Institute of Technology has a large number of doctoral and master's mobile stations. Harbin institute of technology is the boss of the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense, which is recognized by everyone. Half of the chief designers and technicians of Shenzhou are from Harbin Institute of Technology.
The certification rate of China Southern Airlines in the southeast coastal provinces is relatively high. If you want to work in the south, China Southern Airlines is also quite good.
As for which of the four universities, Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines, is better, there is no need to care. Of course, there are other schools that I may not have listed. If you are interested, please call and ask.
Matters needing attention
1. Aerospace has been very popular in recent years, and then everyone thinks that this is a tall career, and everyone is rushing to report, but you have to make sure whether you really like it or vanity. This industry is not the task that you can assign to spacecraft and lunar exploration as soon as you enter, and many people will also become airline maintenance workers. In other words, this is just a very ordinary industry, not a tall industry. You should consider all these before volunteering, and don't enter this industry with sincerity, only to find that it is not what you think.
3. Some people worry that they will go to work in hard and remote areas after graduating from aerospace major. In fact, there are many aerospace research institutions in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Xi, Qingdao and Shenyang.
4. In the future, the purpose of applying for aerospace major is not to be a pilot or an astronaut, but to cultivate technical talents, so this major has no special requirements for physical conditions.
5. In addition, aerospace majors require students to have good logical thinking ability and practical ability. The requirements for mechanics, mathematics and physics are very high. Therefore, students with excellent grades in mathematics and physics, strong logical thinking ability and strong independent research ability are more suitable to choose this major.
6. The research direction of aerospace research major is the frontier of science and technology, which is not only the application process of knowledge, but also a scientific research process. Because it is far from enough to use existing knowledge, there will inevitably be some problems that cannot be solved by existing technologies in the research and development process, which requires the development of new technologies, which are not solved by students in ordinary universities. Therefore, if you want to work in a good aerospace unit, you must first have a high degree, and you must have a prestigious school to have a greater possibility. Of course, if you are really interested in space research, but unfortunately your score is not enough to be admitted to a famous university, don't worry, there is still a chance. In the future, you can take the postgraduate exam first and then take the doctoral exam.
7. Undergraduate students majoring in aircraft manufacturing engineering seldom study for a master's degree, "Aerospace Manufacturing Engineering", because of employment problems. When I talked about this major in Beihang University, Xigong University, China Southern Airlines and Xi Jiaotong University, they all said that there is still a little gap compared with other majors, because after all, the relationship between "aircraft manufacturing engineering" and control system and design is not very close, or even more mechanical, so we should consider it carefully before choosing.
8. Basically, this kind of major will be relatively stable in finding a job in the future, but those who can't make a fortune will go to Cai Zhong and go to Shangcai if they want to make a fortune. Learning this major is destined to serve the country, and the country will only ensure that you have enough food and clothing, not that you will make a fortune.
9. The enrollment of aerospace majors is based on small majors, and some are based on aerospace majors, and then subdivided in universities. Then there will be specific directions such as aerospace and aviation. For example, our school is divided into five departments of aerospace and 15 departments of aerospace, so when applying for the exam, it is best to know more about the professional direction according to your actual situation.
Only aviation serves the country, but no aviation makes money. The industry is tall and the benefits are average. Building an airplane is different from flying an airplane (flying technology major). The economic effect of aircraft design and manufacturing industry is slow, so poor children majoring in aircraft design and engineering should choose carefully.
Alas, talking too much is all tears! I'm a fellow villager of NPU508 1, from Shenxian County, and I haven't heard from him since I graduated from graduate school. I really want to meet him again for a drink.
A model plane is often the crystallization of the painstaking efforts of several generations or even generations of designers. It's not a short-term thing. It's normal not to see flowers and fruits for a short time. But not a pit.
I graduated from Xigong University, majoring in materials, similar to aircraft design! The number of enterprises employed after graduation is roughly the same! But they usually go to the design department of the enterprise, and we usually go to the manufacturing department! Our work is hard, they are high-end But a few years after graduation, there are more opportunities in manufacturing! In fact, this major can earn about 6.5438+0 million yuan in several large state-owned enterprises in China (five years after graduation), and the income growth is actually very small with the increase of working age! Internet, computer, real estate, marketing, planning and other related majors, with the growth of qualifications! Income can be greatly increased! But, our major! Liyi!
If you think this is a pit, many science and engineering majors, but basic majors are pits. But are we going to engage in applied majors? Can the so-called application-oriented specialty of undergraduate really be applied?
This major has great development potential. How did it become a pit? ! I really don't know where to draw the conclusion!
I don't know where your so-called pit came from. Is the salary low after graduation? Poor working environment? There are other reasons, if you can, please elaborate and let me have an insight!
As far as I know, aerospace plays an irreplaceable role in both military national defense and national economic development. I wonder where the pit came from.
As can be seen from the list of American entities in China, all 13 colleges and universities are in the forefront of the country in mechanics, machinery, control, computer, aerospace and other majors, providing a large number of high-end talents for the national industrial development and contributing to the national defense cause! Literally, these majors may have nothing to do with aircraft design, but they are all inseparable from the follow-up links of aircraft design! The follow-up major of aircraft design is so important, why is it a pit as the most front-end design?