Implementation of general contracting management, occupy the high-end market_Bison Youxin_Construction Economy_Construction Chinese Network As China enters the post-WTO era, the construction industry has accelerated the pace of convergence with international standards, the construction market is undergoing profound changes. The concept of general contracting management is no longer a repetitive superposition of general construction contracting in the general sense, which distinguishes it from general civil contracting and specialized contracting. China Construction 8 has made bold attempts and innovations in general contracting management concepts and methods to comprehensively enhance the company's core competitiveness.
With China's entry into the post-WTO era, the construction industry has accelerated the pace of international integration, and the construction market is undergoing profound changes. The concept of general contracting management is no longer a repetitive superposition of general construction contracting in the general sense, which distinguishes it from general civil contracting and specialized contracting. China Construction 8 has made bold attempts and innovations in general contracting management concepts and methods, etc., to comprehensively enhance the company's core competitiveness. (Refer to "Construction Chinese")
Construction Engineering Bureau's implementation of general contracting
Construction Engineering Bureau of China as early as in the early 1990s on the general contracting management of the initial attempts and explorations. 1992, the construction of the Fuhua amusement center, the use of DB general contracting; in 1996, the Pine Club in Algiers, in 2000, Shanghai Heavy Machinery Plant, the use of epc In 1996, Algiers Pine Club and in 2000, Shanghai Heavy Machinery Plant adopted epc general contracting, which have achieved good economic and social benefits.
In 2003, the company issued the "General Contracting Management Measures" and "Project Assessment and Evaluation Measures", which clearly defined the concept, philosophy, principles, methods and approaches of general contracting management and project assessment and evaluation. 2004 took the Ministry of Construction's "Pilot Program for Project Management of General Contracting" as an opportunity to implement the strategy of "One Pilot Project and Two Batches", which led to the emergence of a new generation of general contracting engineers. Through the implementation of the strategy of "one pilot, two batches", a number of projects have emerged, such as Dalian Culture Square (P-C general contracting), Tianjin TEDA Convention and Exhibition Center (MPC general contracting), Guangzhou New Baiyun Airport, Nanning Convention and Exhibition Center (P-C general contracting), Nanjing Metro Command Center, Wuhan Sports Center, Jinan International Airport, and so on, which have been standardized for the management of general contracting, and have been operated with good effect and great influence in terms of quality, schedule, safety, CI and project assessment and evaluation. These projects fully demonstrate the high level of general contracting in terms of quality, schedule, safety, CI and on-site management. These projects have fully demonstrated the advantages of professional collaboration and technical advantages of general contracting, and ensured the completion of high-quality, efficient and high-speed key projects at all levels, such as high, large, precise, sharp and special projects, which have won the affirmation and praise of the government and the owners.
Overall, the domestic construction enterprises to implement general contracting projects are few, more are positioned in the construction general contracting. Although in a certain period of time this model will be in a dominant position, but from the development point of view, the construction of general contracting, poor efficiency, low profits, general contracting management fee is generally charged as a concession very little. In the case of the main business profit of construction enterprises mainly rely on the main contracting, profits decline year by year, will certainly affect the enterprise and even jeopardize the future development of the construction industry. And general contracting in procurement, design, construction and other aspects of cross deepening, reduce the cost of loss between the links, to a certain extent, reduce the cost, increase profits, is a win-win choice. Only by actively cultivating and developing the intellectually intensive general contracting, improving the core competitiveness of enterprises and seizing the high-end market, can we ensure the sustainable development of enterprises.
Concrete measures to cultivate and promote the general contracting management mode
Actively guide and implement the general contracting management, the implementation of the legal person level management project
Entering the 21st century, China Construction Engineering Corporation (CECC) established the general contracting management organization system, the bureau and the company have set up two levels of project management committee, developed a project manager responsibility system and project cost accounting system as the content of the "two systems". In 2004, China Construction Association implemented hierarchical responsibility and hierarchical control of project management, and formulated "Compilation of Duties of Legal Person Level Management Project", which clarified the duties of each level in project management. In particular, it was pointed out that the management of the project by the legal person level was mainly to do a good job in the planning of the general contracting project management and to clarify the mode of the general contracting project management. 2005, combined with the development strategy of the general contracting management of China Construction Association, the "Implementation Manual of General Contracting Management of China Construction Association" was compiled and completed, which further clarified the concept of the general contracting management, the organizational form, the principles of the management, the management means and methods, etc., and regulated the behavior of the general contracting project management by perfecting the general contracting management system and the flow
Implementing the development strategy of "one pilot project and two batches", comprehensively implementing the general contracting management
In 2004, taking the Ministry of Construction's "Pilot Program for General Contracting Project Management" as an opportunity, China Construction 8 successfully declared the ministerial-level general contracting pilot project "Dongguan Kanghua Hospital", which is the first general contracting project in China. Kanghua Hospital" project, becoming one of the six ministry-level general contracting pilot projects in China. At the same time, the Bureau put forward the implementation of "a pilot, two batch" development strategy, through the pilot lead, demonstration, general contracting management of a high starting point, high quality, high standards to set up a typical, standardized operation, radiation and drive the general contracting management level of neighboring projects. Through the Bureau and the company's two levels of demonstration projects to lead the way, the Bureau set up a "service provider, no extra work; management of subcontracting, no no matter what" and "the general contractor is responsible for the completion of the turn-key" general contracting management concept, general contracting management to lead the way to enhance the overall level of general contracting management throughout the Bureau, and the general contracting management to lead the way. The overall level of general contracting management of the whole bureau, but also cultivated a group of familiar with general contracting management, with rich professional knowledge and coordination ability of construction general contracting management personnel.
Strengthening the integration of resources, optimizing the reasonable allocation of production factors
Improving the general contracting management system, promoting the responsible engineer system, and cultivating a team of complex talents for general contracting management. Responsible Engineer System is the management experience summarized by China Construction Engineering Corporation (CECC) in the implementation of general contracting management mode. The core of the responsible engineer system is to emphasize the field engineer in the project's comprehensive management role, it requires the responsible engineer in the project manager's leadership and functional departments under the guidance of the specific responsibility of a region or a sub-project from the project plan, technology, quality, safety and cost of production and even operation of the overall organization, coordination and management. The general project manager set up in the institutional setup of the general contracting deputy manager and general contracting management department, responsible for the management of other projects other than civil engineering, this way is often because of its functions and project technology, quality control, safety, business and other business departments too much cross, resulting in each other tug of war, shirking responsibilities, management chaos, affecting the effect of the general contracting management. Through the implementation of the responsible engineer system, the project general contracting management procedures have been rationalized, the process of general contracting management has been optimized, and the responsible engineer has played an increasingly important role in general contracting management. At the same time to cultivate a group of comprehensive management quality of composite talents, improve the general contracting management capacity and comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises.
Effective centralized fund management and improved fund utilization efficiency. Through the implementation of project general contracting management, China Construction Association has implemented the management mode of "two lines of income and two lines of expenditure, centralized management of funds" for project funds. After receiving the project funds, the project funds will be remitted to the legal person's special account for collection, and the legal person will transfer the funds to the regional company and the project according to the budget. In order to effectively ensure that the funds are centralized to the account of the legal person, the Bureau of the main operating regions and directly managed companies to set up a funds manager, on behalf of the Bureau of the unified centralized funds, according to the instructions of the transfer of funds (project department does not set up income and expenditure account). Through the implementation of centralized management of funds, not only to improve the efficiency of funds, balancing corporate funds, alleviate the contradiction of financial constraints played a positive role; at the same time for the implementation of centralized purchasing of bulk materials to provide the conditions to put an end to the use of funds for the project without a budget, the expenditure of uncontrolled situation occurs.
Implementation of centralized procurement of project production factors, resource integration and effective configuration. In order to realize the intensive operation of the project, the Eighth Bureau reformed the way of purchasing production factors (materials, equipment, subcontracting teams, etc.). It establishes labor bases, attaches importance to the signing of labor agreements, and establishes labor resource pools; it implements centralized procurement of bulk materials, and lump-sum or price-limit procurement of sporadic materials, and the procurement right is mainly concentrated in the company, which implements bidding and purchasing, changing decentralized and insufficiently transparent purchasing into centralized and open purchasing, which reduces the procurement cost.
Strengthening cost control of general contracting to maximize benefits
Taking the "Project Management Target Responsibility Letter" as a carrier, the company implements the responsibility system of project managers and cost accounting system. Since 1998, China Construction Association has been advocating and insisting on the implementation of the "two systems", and has received remarkable results. The main practice is that, after the project is awarded, the enterprise will divide the project benefits into operational benefits and management benefits, and establish the project responsibility cost through "price separation". The enterprise legal person and the project manager signed a target responsibility contract, clear project management objectives and economic indicators, such as responsibility cost, responsibility cost reduction rate, as well as schedule, quality, safety, etc.; the project and then these objectives and indicators for the layer by layer decomposition, implementation to each post personnel, regularly or by image progress assessment, to grasp the cost of the operating situation, timely analysis of existing problems, and to take corrective measures.
Developing cost quotas to create conditions for "price separation" and cost control. On the basis of summarization and in-depth research, the headquarter formulated a series of management methods to strengthen cost control, including "Project Cost Management Methods", "Project Cost Accounting Methods", and "Management Methods for Accounting for Materials and Temporary Facilities". The core of these methods is the implementation of quota and budget management and the strengthening of the implementation of the responsibility system, while once again clarifying the responsibilities of the competent authorities and relevant departments for cost control.
Actively exploring the specialized subcontracting mode to improve the profit level of the project. Grasping specialized subcontracting is the focus and difficulty of implementing general contracting management. The general contracting project department is the production management center, the professional subcontracting is the production implementation center. Eight Bureau to implement the establishment of internal simulation market, the introduction of professional subcontracting competition mechanism, the main contractor and the professional subcontracting team to participate in the bidding, and based on the contract to clarify the general, subcontracting responsibilities, rights and benefits, in accordance with the conditions of the contract and the conditions of the labor resources, the choice of labor clearing, physical subcontracting, square meters of clearing a variety of subcontracting methods, to further reduce the cost of the project. From the management mechanism to put an end to the general contractor and the main contractor, the main contractor and professional subcontracting and other unclear responsibilities arising from the quality, schedule, progress and other issues and conflicts. The promotion of this management mechanism will strengthen the organization and coordination of the general contracting and management efforts.
Implementing risk-secured contracting, innovative management mode. In recent years, China Construction Association has adopted the risk mortgage system, which effectively mobilizes and improves the enthusiasm and responsibility of project management personnel. Such as the second company's 16 new projects are implemented risk mortgage contracting, profit responsibility target totaled 69.61 million yuan, the average output value profit rate of 10.01%, the highest output value profit rate of 14.2%. The highest payment of risk collateral accounted for 2% of the contract value, the highest payment of risk collateral for the project manager department amounted to 1.5 million yuan, 16 projects **** paid risk collateral of 6.7279 million yuan.
Strengthening the management of general contracting contracts to improve performance
With the intensification of competition in the construction market, the status of the contracting parties is not equal, and the owners will transfer more risks to the construction enterprises. Therefore, enhance contract awareness, strengthen risk management has become an important legal protection of project general contracting management.
The implementation of the project contract, the implementation of performance warning. In recent years, through the work of contract delivery, the project management personnel to enhance the contract awareness, to avoid the occurrence of contract violations in the performance of the contract, and improve the ability to perform. The process of contract performance is supervised (through performance statements), and when there is deviation from the contract or when deviation is about to occur, performance warnings are issued to the project in a timely manner, stating the degree of risk and the economic consequences of its behavior, or the degree of passivity of the subsequent work as a result of its poor performance behavior. By taking timely corrective measures, the loss of default is reduced and the enterprise's ability to perform is improved.
Supported by science and technology, it strengthens schedule management, reduces cost and improves efficiency. Nanning Convention and Exhibition Phase II steel structure roof frame overall lifting construction, the project management department after scientific debate, boldly adopt the current domestic is not common four machine lifting process will be the whole roof frame (about 85m) ground assembly using car cranes to shift in place, only 40 days to complete the lifting task, in order to ensure the quality of the same time than the original program to save 30 days of construction time, reduce the construction cost of 600,000 yuan. The Bureau has formulated the "Project Schedule Management Measures", clarified the responsibilities of all levels and types of personnel, and conducted regular assessment. The contract duration performance rate is linked with the main leaders of the company, and the duration is included in the project management target assessment, and the duration account and duration claim visas are established.
Strengthen the quality and safety management, and implement the accountability system. Quality management mainly through the operation of ISO9001 standard, the implementation of quality management. Quality management to do a good job of quality planning (including planning for excellence), and strive to achieve "once into a good", strict process control, focus on technological innovation, reduce quality costs. Safety management to implement occupational safety and health management system, drawing on the practice of the Shanghai Municipality, the full implementation of on-site safety system standard certification.
Strengthening process supervision and completion assessment, and honoring project contracting responsibilities
In order to standardize project management behavior, identify the level of project management, and determine the results of the project, Eighth Bureau has formulated the "Project Management Assessment and Evaluation Methods", which implements monthly assessment of the project, quarterly assessment of the company, and semi-annual assessment of the bureau, and regularly conducts assessment, evaluation, and summary of the project to strengthen the process control, and focuses on the quantitative assessment of the project. (schedule, quality, safety, cost, recovery), supplemented by qualitative assessment (three systems, process management information). The management fails to meet the requirements or economic indicators show obvious deviation, put forward a warning, if necessary, the removal of the project team or project manager, to avoid the project to cause losses "black hole". Upon completion of the project, the project will enter into the cash appraisal process. After the assessment meets the cash conditions, the implementation of cash, cash step-by-step implementation. Did not complete the "project management objectives and responsibilities" to determine the profit target, the difference from the individual to pay the risk of security deposit offset, risk deposit is not enough to offset, from the subsequent salary and other income deductions, until offset to the "project management objectives and responsibilities" to determine the amount of so far.
Changing the project management mode, in 2005, the whole bureau promoted the application of "China Construction Engineering Project Management System of China Construction Engineering Bureau", and constructed "one platform, two levels": "China Construction Engineering Bureau Project Management System" network platform, management and operation levels, so that the original relatively independent bureau headquarters, decentralized companies and project departments of engineering management, as well as different management levels, and the project management of the bureau. The project management of the bureau headquarter, scattered companies and project departments, as well as the project management of different management levels, are scientifically and effectively integrated on a project management platform, which shortens the management chain and realizes a flat and fast management mechanism. Taking informationization as a means to change the project management mode, the enterprise resource management has been systematically integrated and consolidated, which improves the enterprise's rapid response ability to the market, and at the same time enhances the comprehensive level of general contracting management.
Further promotion of the general contracting management mode, enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise a few thoughts
The implementation of the general contracting management is also bound to conflict with the traditional management mode and concepts, so there will be a series of various problems.
In the general contracting project as the cost center of the legal person level management project based on the establishment of a strong general contracting management system, the formation of general contracting organization and management advantages. Strengthen the organization, the establishment of two levels of project management committee and general contracting leading group, the company set up a general contracting work steering group with the manager in command, strengthen the decision-making level of the management concept, unify the idea of maximizing the benefits of the project.
Promoting the responsible engineer system, cultivating compound talents suitable for the needs of general contracting management, and building the human resource advantage of enterprise development. The implementation of the responsible engineer system not only makes the project management system immediately to the general contracting function change, the implementation of the functional departments of the total subcontracting counterpart management, "responsibility" is clear, better to meet the needs of the general contracting management; and responsible engineers can get the general contracting project management line of comprehensive exercise.
Deepening the "two systems of management" to create profit growth points in general contracting management, and building cost advantages for enterprise development. The implementation of project management target responsibility and project management risk collateral contracting, the full implementation of the project management personnel responsibility system, the establishment of internal materials, supplies procurement simulation market, the establishment of a sound legal person level and project level "two cost control" operation mechanism, by the legal person level to provide a list of qualified suppliers, the project manager to implement the bidding procurement; The projects implement the limitation of materials, implement the "cost breakdown, two control comparisons, random adjustments, day-to-day and month-to-month closure", and strictly control the process. The project manager's responsibility system and project cost accounting system make the construction production of the whole bureau has always maintained a high-speed growth trend.
Improve the construction of general contracting function and comprehensively enhance the management advantages of the enterprise. The mastery of market resources and the management of subcontractors is the core link in the implementation of general contracting. It is necessary to start from the functions of consulting service, design and financing in the early stage of project action, and make every effort to build the capacity of general contracting.
Based on the construction general contracting, to the EPC before and after the extension. Based on the construction general contracting, extending the front and rear service areas, increase the function of consulting services, and engineering general contracting interpenetration and integration, to the whole process and full-service direction, the construction industry to build the general contracting management capacity is very necessary, and for the contractor to participate in the project as early as possible to provide a good opportunity. This is also an extension of the EPC general contracting forward.
Optimize the design and improve the efficiency of general contracting management. With the construction industry project management mode change and the implementation of general contracting CM mode, the use of fast-track method at the same time, from the pre-construction phase to participate in the implementation of the project, for the designers to provide construction advice and then responsible for the management of the construction process, so the contractor needs to complete a large number of construction drawings and deepen the construction of the detailed design. For example, the Kanghua Hospital project was carried out in accordance with the workflow of "improving design and organizing construction". Taking the optimized design of the basement foundation as an example, the general contracting unit optimized the design of the construction drawings according to the actual geological conditions found in the process of earth excavation and the past experience of construction on similar soils, and the optimization ratio reached 68.3% compared with the original plan. Compared with the original plan, the optimization ratio was 68.3%, saving costs of about 4 million yuan. Capital Airport assisted the design institute to optimize and deepen more than 1,150 design drawings, handled more than 1,200 drawing negotiations, changes and other issues, and solved more than 500 major design problems. These examples can distinctly and profoundly tell us that behind the close integration of design and construction and the depth of intersection, the implementation of general contracting management contains huge economic benefits and social value, so enhance the design function of the enterprise may have a stronger competitiveness in the general contracting market.
Enhancing the financing function drives the development of general contracting. Carry out general contracting business, especially to undertake bot, BOOT projects, construction companies must have a strong ability to finance. Create conditions for the implementation of general contracting project management, from the deep level of operating capital to improve the competitiveness of construction enterprises in the primary market.
Adjustment of business strategy, shortened the construction cycle, occupy the high-end market, the formation of market advantages of enterprise development. It extends the current operation of undertaking construction general contracting to the project decision-making and design stage, lays the foundation for undertaking general contracting and project management business, and actively operates BOT and BOOT projects to drive the development of general contracting by financing investment projects.
In the interests and risks coexist, opportunities and challenges, competition and cooperation *** exist today, we have to use a strategic vision of general contracting, fully aware of the gap between the construction enterprises and large domestic and foreign contractors, research and exploration of the basic theory of general contracting management and the use of practice to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
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