Henan is the core area of Chinese history before the Yuan Dynasty. From China's first hereditary dynasty Xia Dynasty established its capital in Henan Yanshi to the Qing Dynasty over 4,000 years, Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Wuzhou, Houliang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty, Later Zhou Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, the Republic of China and so on, there have been more than 20 dynasties to build the capital or relocate the capital here, Henan is in the national political, economic and cultural center for 3,000 years, four of the eight major ancient capitals of China, namely, the 13 ancient capitals of Luoyang, Kaifeng of the eight dynasties, the seven ancient capitals of the seven dynasties, and so on. Henan has been the political, economic and cultural center of the country for 3,000 years, and there are four of the eight ancient capitals of China in Henan, namely, Luoyang, the ancient capital of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the Eighth Dynasty, Anyang, the ancient capital of the Seventh Dynasty, and Zhengzhou, the capital of commerce. Henan is the region with the largest and most dense number of ancient capitals in China. From the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in Chinese history, which established its capital in Henan, it has given birth to the ancient Chinese capitals of Luoyang, Kaifeng, Anyang, Zhengzhou, Shangqiu, Nanyang, Puyang, Xuchang, Xinzheng, Huaiyang, and so on. The Three Emperors and the Five Emperors The Flintstones (the first of the Three Emperors), born, capitalized and buried in Shangqiu, started the Chinese civilization;
The Fuxi Clan (one of the Three Emperors), capitalized and buried in Zhoukouhuaiyang;
The Zhuxiang Clan (one of the Three Emperors), capitalized and buried in Shangqiu Tsuge City;
The Gertian Clan, born, capitalized in the area of Ningling in Shangqiu and Changge in Xuchang, invented the music and dance;
The Gertian Clan, born and capitalized in the area of Ningling in Shangqiu and Changge in Xuchang, invented the
Huangdi (i.e. Xuanyuan, the first of the Five Emperors), born and capitalized in Zhengzhou Xinzheng;
Zhuanxu, capitalized in Shangqiu, then moved the capital to Puyang, where he rested for a long time;
Di'?u (i.e. Gaoxin's Clan), born, capitalized, and rested for a long time in Shangqiu. Xia Dynasty The first historical dynasty of China, which had moved its capital several times, the main capitals are: Pouring Xin (present-day Luoyang Yanshi), Yangcheng (present-day Zhengzhou Dengfeng), Shangqiu , Lun (present-day Xiayi, Shangqiu), Laoqiu (present-day Chenliu, Kaifeng), and Xiehe (present-day Xiehe, Tangyin). Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty moved its capital several times, and the main capitals were: Bo (present-day Gushu Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu), Bo (present-day Liangyuan District, Shangqiu), Bo (present-day Yanshi, Luoyang), Hue (present-day Chengshang City, Zhengzhou), Yin (present-day Yinxu, Anyang), and Chaoge (present-day Qi County, Hebi). Western Zhou King Cheng of Zhou builds Luoyang as the eastern capital. Eastern Zhou The Eastern Zhou established Luoyang as its capital. Eastern Han Dynasty Eastern Han Dynasty established Luoyang as the capital and set up Nanyang as the southern capital. At the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital was moved to Xuchang. Cao Wei (曹魏) The capital of Cao Wei (曹魏) was established in Luoyang. Western Jin Capital of Western Jin was Luoyang. Northern Wei Dynasty Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang. Sui Dynasty Sui Dynasty set up the eastern capital of Luoyang. Emperor Yang of Sui moved the capital to Luoyang. Tang Dynasty Tang set up the eastern capital of Luoyang. Later Tang Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang. Wu Zhou Wu Zhou set Luoyang as the capital and changed Luoyang to the divine capital. Later Liang Later Liang set Kaifeng as the capital and moved the capital to Luoyang during the period. Later Tang Later Tang settled in Luoyang. Later Jin The capital of Later Jin was Luoyang at the beginning, but was later moved to Kaifeng. Later Han Dynasty The capital of Later Han Dynasty was Kaifeng. Later Zhou Dynasty The capital of Later Zhou was Kaifeng. Liao Dynasty (Liao Dynasty) The Khitan Dynasty (Khitan Dynasty) destroyed the Later Jin Dynasty and changed its capital to Liao in Kaifeng. Northern Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty set Kaifeng as its capital. Northern Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty set Kaifeng as its capital, with Shangqiu in Nanjing and Luoyang as its western capital. Southern Song Dynasty The capital of Southern Song Dynasty was Shangqiu at the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jin Dynasty Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Kaifeng and Shangqiu. The Republic of China moved the capital to Luoyang in 1932. Central Plains culture is both a historical and spatial concept. According to the characteristics of the content of the culture of the Central Plains, it can be roughly summarized as the culture of the river and the Luo River, the culture of Chinese characters, the culture of surnames, the culture of the roots, the culture of the three merchants, the culture of etiquette, the culture of Chinese medicine, the culture of poetry, the culture of martial arts, the culture of opera, the culture of prehistory, the culture of the dragon, the culture of politics, ideology and culture, the culture of the celebrities, the culture of the heroes, the culture of farming, the culture of commerce, scientific and technological culture, the culture of medical science, the culture of religion, the folklore of the culture 18 cultures. The Central Plains Culture is a general term for the material and spiritual culture based in the Central Plains, which can be traced back to the Neolithic Age of China, from about 6,000 B.C. to about 3,000 B.C. The Central Plains Culture is an important part of the Chinese culture. The Central Plains culture is an important source and core component of Chinese culture.
Heluo culture refers to the culture of the Heluo region in ancient China. The Heluo area refers to the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River from Tongguan to Zhengzhou, the area around Luoshui, Yishui and Songshan, including the upper reaches of Yingshui in Dengfeng, etc. It roughly comprises the area between latitude 34° and 35° north and longitude 110° and 114° east, which is summarized as the western part of today's Henan Province.
Dragon Culture: The dragon is a symbol of wisdom, bravery, good fortune and honor. Henan is the hometown of the dragon. Known as the originator of humanities, Taihao Fuxi, in today's Zhoukou Huaiyang area, "to the dragon teacher and the dragon name", the first dragon totem, the realization of the ancient period of the first integration of a number of tribes; known as the originator of the humanities of the Yellow Emperor, in the unification of the Yellow River Basin tribes, in order to cohesion of all tribes of thought and spirit, the area of today's Xinzheng, also used the dragon as a new Tribal totem, we are today's Chinese are known as the "yellow children" and "the descendants of the dragon", is therefore. Puyang clam dragon 6400 years ago, is China's earliest dragon image, by the archaeological community known as "China's first dragon"; in the "first capital of China" Yanshi Erlitou site found in large turquoise dragon-shaped ware, at least 3,700 years ago, scholars named the "Chinese dragon", and so on.
Chinese Character Culture: Chinese characters are an important carrier for the inheritance and promotion of Chinese culture, the basic symbol of the Chinese nation, and have had a great and far-reaching influence on the writing culture of Korea, South Korea, Japan and other countries. The history of Chinese character culture for more than 4,000 consecutive years can be said to be a history of Chinese characters in the Central Plains, where the creation of Chinese characters and every important stage of their development took place almost exclusively. Cangjie created characters during the Yellow Emperor's era, oracle bones were unearthed in Anyang, Li Si from Shangcai helped Qin Shi Huang "write the same text" and formulated a standardized writing system called "Small Seal Character", Xu Shen from Luohe wrote the world's first dictionary, summarized the laws of generating Chinese characters, and standardized the parsing of the meaning of characters, and completed the Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Characters) in his hometown. He completed the Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Characters) in his hometown; the standardized font "Song" was created in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and movable type printing was invented here.
Surname culture: Chinese surnames have a close relationship with the Central Plains, both in terms of origin and derivation. The Chinese family name canon" in the 4820 Chinese surnames, originated in Henan 1834; in today's top 300 surnames, rooted in Henan 171, the top 100 surnames, rooted in Henan 78, whether it is Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu as the representative of the four major Chinese surnames, or Lin, Chen, Zheng, Lian, Huang as the representative of the south of the major surnames, the roots of which are all in Henan. Henan to "ten thousand surnames with the same roots, ten thousand clans with the same source" as the theme of the Family Name Culture Festival. Surname culture is a unique cultural phenomenon in Henan.
Farming culture: Agriculture was first developed in the Central Plains. The farming culture of the Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. Many agricultural production tools have been unearthed in the relevant remains of the Pei Li Gang culture, providing physical evidence of the development of early farming culture.
Poetry and culture: Henan is the birthplace of Chinese literature. China's first poetry collection, "The Book of Songs", Henan more than 100 works accounted for more than one-third of the works. History has "Han Wei article half of Luoyang," said Zuo Si, "San Du Fu" created a "Luoyang paper expensive" story. In the Tang Dynasty, Henan had two of the three major poets, Du Fu, the "Sage of Poetry", and Bai Juyi, the "Poetry Devil". Famous literary figures include Cai Wenji, Pan An, Xie Lingyun, Jiang Deng, Han Yuyi, Liu Yuxi, Yuan Zhen, Li He and Li Shangyin.
Commercial culture: Chinese merchants, commodities and commerce originated in Shangqiu, and the Central Plains produced many firsts in Chinese commercial culture. Shangqiu people in the Xia Dynasty, Wang Hai "Zhao Zhaoche cattle far service Jia", is the first oxcart pulling goods to distant places to do business, is regarded as the originator of business. Zigong, the first Confucian merchant from Junxian County, Henan Province, was not only an official but also a good businessman. Fan Li, the first person from Nanyang who was enthusiastic about public welfare and known as the Saint of Commerce, helped King Goujian of Yue to destroy Wu and restore the country, and then quietly retired to use his talents in business. The first patriotic merchant, Zheng Yan Gao from Xinzheng, encountered an invasion of Qin army on his way to do business, and retreated from the Qin army at the cost of fifteen of his own cows. The first professional merchants in Chinese history were born in Luoyang during the Western Zhou Dynasty; the first government-issued statute to protect the interests of merchants, the "Oath of Quality," was born in Xinzheng during the Spring and Autumn Period; the earliest collection of tariffs, represented by the "Levy on the Castle Gate," took place in Shangqiu during the Spring and Autumn Period; and the first strategically minded industrialist merchant was Bai Gui, a native of Luoyang during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Bai Gui, the first business theorist was Gui Ran from Shangqiu in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the earliest lawsuit regulations for merchants took place in Xinzheng during the Spring and Autumn Period, the first advocate of the theory of mercantilism was Sang Hongyang from Luoyang in the Western Han Dynasty, and the first "mayor" was "the head of the three cities" who managed the market in the city of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty. The "head of the three cities" in Luoyang City in Tang Dynasty was the earliest "mayor". Bianjing (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty is another international metropolis in the world with a population of more than one million, with a population of more than 1.5 million, and Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan's "Riverside Scene at Qingming" is a true portrayal of this grand situation. The Gongyi Kang millionaire family of the Qing Dynasty wrote down the business myth of "being rich for twelve generations and undefeated for 400 years".
Thought and culture: The thought and culture of the Central Plains is the core of the thought and culture of the Chinese nation. Fuxi in the area of Huaiyang, Henan Province, performing gossip, and later King Wen of Zhou in Fuxi gossip on the basis of the prison in Anyang, Henan Province in the city of Paili wrote a far-reaching impact on future generations of the "I Ching". In Luoyi, the Duke of Zhou made rites and music, established rules and regulations, and educated people. Liezi lectured and was discipled here.
Technology and culture: The Four Great Inventions were conceived and invented in the Central Plains. Anyang "Simuwu" large square tripod, is the largest and heaviest bronze found to date. East Han Du Shi invented the "water row" wind technology, more than 1,000 years earlier than Europe. Stork stone axe figure pottery jar" is known as "China's earliest national painting", 6,000 years ago, was listed by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as the country's first 67 immovable cultural relics. "Yangshao colored pottery" is beautifully shaped, "Tang Three Colors" is famous all over the world, representing the highest level of porcelain production technology in history. Nanyang "science saint" Zhang Heng invented the "geodesic instrument" 1,700 years earlier than the West; the creation of the "muddy sky". In the Tang Dynasty, the monk monk line not only invented the world's earliest automatic timer, but also put forward the idea of "stars on their own" 1,000 years before the British astronomer Harley.
The culture of Chinese medicine: The culture of Chinese medicine is famous for its holistic therapeutic thinking, multi-angle observation of pathology, peculiar therapeutic techniques, and harmonious use of medicines, and it is the essence of traditional culture and the national essence. Huang Di is recognized by later generations as the founder of Chinese medicine, and Chinese medicine culture originated and developed in the Central Plains. Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nanyang, was honored as the "Sage of Medicine", and his "Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases" is known as a treasure of Chinese medicine and is renowned both at home and abroad.
Wushu culture: Wushu culture, also known as kungfu culture. The martial arts culture of the Central Plains is the world's best, and the Taijiquan founded by Chen Wangting of Chenjiagou in Wenxian County is another important school of Chinese martial arts culture.
Folk culture: Hundred Clothes and Hundred Meals are one of the customs and cultures of Henan. Hundred Clothes is a kind of baby clothes, made from pieces of cloth contributed by one hundred families, hence the name Hundred Clothes.
Military thought and culture: Henan has been the center of China's military since ancient times, and countless wars and battles have taken place in various periods of history, making it rich in political and military thought and culture. The Six Towers of Lu Shang (Jiang Ziya, Jiang Taigong), whose ancestry is from Nanyang, shows the military thinking of the Shang and Zhou periods; Fan Li (a native of Nanyang), a famous politician and thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period, assisted King Goujian of Yue in destroying Wu (by lying down on his back and tasting the guts), and put forward a simple materialistic view of strategy: the one who holds the surplus is with the sky, the one who fixes the tilting is with the people, the one who economizes is with the earth. The tactical concept of flexibility and versatility: use yin for the latter, and yang for the first; use softness for the near, and firmness for the far. The national defense concept of enriching the country and strengthening the people: if you are prepared for war, you can be prepared for war; if you are prepared for prudent defense, you can wait for the unexpected; if you are prepared for defense, you can be prepared for the difficult. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, Guigu Zi's Zongheng and Hengjiao (Representatives of Zongheng and Hengjiao ideology), his disciples Su Qin and Zhang Yi guided the Qin to unify China by combining the Zongzhong and Hengjiao techniques; Zhang Liang, a famous schemer and politician, inherited Huangshi Gong's Three Strategies (Huangshi Gongliu) during the Three Kingdoms Period; Zhuge Liang, a wise sage from Nanyang, put forward the strategic decision of "Three Worlds" before he left his hut, which eventually led to the formation of a "Three Worlds". During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the wise sage of Nanyang, put forward the strategic decision of "Three Kingdoms" before he left his hut, and eventually formed the situation of the Three Kingdoms; the invincible Yuejia Army led by Yue Fei, the national hero, blocked the southward march of Jin Yue, and fought against Jin's aggression, and the Jin army sighed in admiration, saying, "It's easy to shake the mountains, but difficult to shake the Yuejia Army. Its outstanding military strategy and tactical thinking is embodied in its famous military book "Yue Wu Mu Book". The dialects of the native inhabitants of Henan Province are mainly of two major types: the Central Plains Official Dialect and the Jin language.
Central Plains Official Dialect is the main dialect of Henan Province, and Henan dialect in the narrow sense refers to Central Plains Official Dialect. The Central Plains Official Dialect is centered in Henan Province and is represented by the Henan dialect, which covers 390 cities and counties in northern China. The Central Plains Official Dialect has 15 fragments, of which 9 fragments are spoken in Henan, including Yanzhou-Hebei, Zhengkai, Anxin, Luosong, Nanlu, Luo Xiang, Shangfu, Xinbeng and Fenhe.
The Jin language is distributed in the north of the Yellow River in Henan Province, mainly belonging to the Jin language Hanxin piece, represented by the Anyang language, Jin language area cities are: Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Jiyuan Taihangshan mountainous area.