The integrated circuit in the card includes CPU, EEPROM, RAM and COS (Chip Operating System) solidified in ROM. The data in the card is divided into external reading and internal processing.
Hardware appliance
Substrate: at present, it is mostly made of PVC, but also plastic or paper.
Contact surface: metal material, usually copper, the input and output terminals of the integrated circuit are connected to a large contact surface, which is convenient for the operation of the card reader and also helps to prolong the service life of the card; Generally, there are eight contacts (c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c4c8), but due to historical reasons, some smart cards are designed with six contacts (C 1 C2 C3 C5 C6 C7). In addition, C6 was originally designed to supply power to EEPROM, but later, the programming voltage required by EEPROM was directly controlled by the chip, so C6 is usually no longer used.
Integrated chip: usually very thin, less than 0.5mm, with a diameter of about 1/4 cm, generally round or square. Internal chips generally have CPU RAM ROM EPROM.
software
In-card operating system COS (Chip Operating System).
The operating system in the card is used to respond to the instructions sent by external devices to the card, such as verifying calculation, reading and writing data, reading the card number, writing the key, locking the data area, illegally destroying the relevant settings of the card, and verifying the authority of the card reader.
The data stored in the card generally includes: the algorithm used to verify the card reader's authority, the verified key, the card number, and the data area (for example, bus cards such as Shenzhen Traffic and Yangchengtong can store the card balance and date, parking cards can store the admission time, and catering cards can store the remaining amount and user information).
Functionally, the use of smart cards can be divided into the following four points:
1. Identification —— The data is mathematically calculated by using embedded microcomputer system to confirm its uniqueness.
2. Payment tools-the built-in counter is replaced by currency, points, etc. Digital data.
3. Encryption/decryption-With the rapid development of the network, the utilization rate of e-commerce has also greatly increased. Some manufacturers said that the most important things in online consumption are the authenticity of identity, the integrity of data, the undeniable nature and legality of transactions. By using encryption mechanisms, such as DES, RSA, MD5, etc. In addition to improving the security of the card, you can also use offline operation to reduce the communication cost on the network.
4. Information-Due to the popularity of GSM mobile phones, the demand for SIM cards has greatly increased, which has accelerated the technical development of smart cards and extended the mobile phone from the initial simple telephone function to today's online function. Its information storage function makes it widely used in commercial fields, such as:
Personal financial records
The competition between banks is becoming more and more fierce. In order to enhance customer loyalty and attract more new customers, the bank has launched various bonus preferential schemes to improve the customer service system. Using smart card can not only realize the function of 24-hour free transfer, but also reduce the time for banks and customers to write work procedures. At present, many banks have issued smart cards on the market, and MasterCard and VISA are about to update their smart cards.
Medical record
Once the medical insurance card is an IC, personal medical records can be stored in the chip. No matter which hospital you go to, you can know your personal medical condition, the doctor can know the patient's medical record immediately, and the patient can also avoid the time of filling out the report form and reduce the maintenance cost of the hospital medical record. In addition, the national identity card can be integrated, and the chip can store all personal identification information such as fingerprints, birthdays and personal files, and can also be used as a passport, which has been used by the governments of Singapore and Malaysia.
access control
Access control is very important for enterprises and schools. In addition to general access control, smart cards can also store small consumption funds in cooperation with general stores to improve the functions of the cards. For example, a British access control system manufacturer can apply the smart card originally used for access control to ATM at the same time, and combine the functions of access control and electronic wallet into one.