1 turtle disease
Turtle calcium deficiency
[Diagnosis] The dorsal shell surface scales gradually appeared to fall off, the shell showed softening, reluctant to move and even static immobility, appetite significantly reduced, some appear to be convulsions, and finally fell asleep and died.
[Treatment] Calcium gluconate injection, calcium phosphate tablets.
Vitamin A deficiency in turtles
[Diagnosis] Soft-shelledness occurs, some develop dry eyes, corneal hypertrophy, dry skin, mucous membrane degeneration, which often leads to digestive and respiratory dysfunction, inflexible activities, and in severe cases, developmental retardation and reduced reproductive capacity can occur.
[Treatment] Take cod liver oil or vitamin A.
Turtle frostbite
[Diagnosis] Frostbite occurs in the unterminal of the carapace organs, and the skin of the frozen part is discolored, and some of them form necrosis and shedding; some of them are paralyzed, and they can't move around and swim in the water.
[Treatment] Frostbitten turtles should be promptly housed in warm (5 to 10 ℃), clean, quiet, to avoid infection.
Turtle exhaustion disease
[Diagnosis] Poor growth and development, progressive wasting. Often out of the water on the shore, stop feeding, limbs and head and tail shriveled, young turtles skirt wrinkled, and finally die of exhaustion.
[Treatment] Change the water, control the temperature, feed the crushed earthworms, egg powder and other high-protein food to strengthen the body.
Turtle lung abscess
[Diagnosis] Turtle loss of appetite, stagnant action, often away from the water on the shore, head forward, upward, anorexia, from time to time to open their mouths or show respiratory distress. Severe eye swelling and even blindness, grayish-white spots on the conjunctiva, with white pus-like material, the disease duration of 3 to 4 days, the return of more death.
[Treatment] Sulfadiazine injection or chloramphenicol injection.
Turtle Aeromonas Disease
[Diagnosis] Slow movement, loss of appetite, unresponsive. Erythema on the ventral armor with gradual erosion, redness of the mouth, nose, and tongue, and congestion of the neck. In severe cases, blood dripped from the mouth and nose, and death occurred immediately.
[Treatment] Inject kanamycin or gentamicin or streptomycin. Clear the pool, change the water, use quicklime to eliminate.
Pseudomonas disease
[Diagnosis] inactive, like the shore crouch, reduce food and even the abolition of vomiting, dysentery, feces discharged yellow-brown pus. Some of the hemorrhagic mount hemorrhagic symptoms, return to more death.
[Treatment] Isolation, treatment with antibiotics, sulfonamide drugs, injection polymyxin B (or E), neomycin, polymyxin, sulfathiazole.
Turtle Edwardsiosis
[Diagnosis] In the early stage of the disease, only depressed spirit is seen, mouth and nose discharge a lot of white transparent liquid, loss of appetite. In the late stage of the disease, yellow sticky liquid comes out of the mouth and nose, appetite is abolished, crouching and immobile, the head and limbs are extended, and the skin of the head, limbs and anus is red with congested hemorrhagic spots.
[Treatment] Inject kanamycin and take sulfonamides. With potassium permanganate solution, saline bath.
Author: bad thing egg 2007-6-4 19:14 Reply to this statement
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2 Re: Brazilian turtle feeding
Turtle water mold disease
[Diagnosis] The initial stage of infection does not see any abnormality, followed by loss of appetite, physical weakness, or death in hibernation. With the development of the disease, the appearance of the body surface, head, limbs, tail produced gray-white spots, commonly known as "hair", and then the formation of epidermal swelling, ulceration, necrosis or shedding, and soon died.
[Treatment] Shade, salt water or peacock green solution to rub the affected area; service mycobacteria. At the same time clear the pool with quicklime or bleach disinfection, and then feed with new water with peacock green.
Turtle Morgellons
Cause: Turtle infected with Morgellons Morgellons. Morgellons deformobacteria are putrefactive parasitic bacteria, widely present on the mud, water. Gutter, sewage and a variety of decaying materials, through the turtle's digestive tract, respiratory tract, trauma and urinary tract infection.
Symptoms: at the beginning of the turtle's illness, there is a large amount of white transparent foamy mucus in the nostrils and mouth, and a yellow sticky liquid in the later stage. The turtle's head often sticks out of the body, does not eat and drink less. The turtle often crawls and is restless.
Pathological examination: the liver is enlarged in the form of cooking, surrounded by pinpoint hemorrhages. Kidneys have pinpoint diffuse hemorrhagic spots. The apices of the heart were congested and hemorrhagic. The spleen is dark black in color. The intestines are empty with little content.
Control and prevention methods: immediately after the discovery of sick turtles isolated feeding. Myocardial injection of chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin. Once a day for 3 days. The effect of erythromycin is not significant. Myocardial injection of penicillin is ineffective. Oral dysentery, sulfonamides are ineffective.
Scabies
Cause: pathogen for hydrophilic Aeromonas punctiform subspecies, often present in the water, the turtle's skin, intestinal tract and other places. When the water environment is good, the turtle is a carrier, once the environment is polluted, the turtle body is traumatized, the germs reproduce in large quantities, it is very easy to cause the turtle to fall ill.
Symptoms: neck, limbs with one or several soybean-sized white scabies, squeeze the hand around, there are yellow, white bean dregs-like contents. Diseased turtles can still eat at the beginning, gradually less food, severe cases stop eating, slow reaction. Generally die within 2 to 3 weeks.
Prevention methods: first of all, the turtle isolation feeding. Extrude the contents of the lesion thoroughly, smear it with sulfurous wine, apply hygromycin powder, and then put cotton balls (cotton balls with hygromycin or gentamycin ophthalmic ointment) in the hole. If the turtle is an aquatic turtle, it can be placed in shallow water. Turtles that have stopped eating should be filled with food and antibiotic drugs should be buried in the food.
Stomatitis
Cause: Misuse of sharp foreign objects or lack of vitamin C caused by oral epidermal damage or ulcers.
Symptoms: oral ulcers, white necrotic inflammation of the epidermis, pus discharge in severe cases, turtles stop eating.
Prevention methods: use disinfectant cotton wrapped around the tweezers to remove pus, save raffinose solution to scrub the mouth. Spray the affected area with watermelon cream once a day. Mix antibiotic drugs in the bait and feed for 3 days.
Esophagitis
Causes: Captured aquatic turtles, some have fishing hooks in their mouths; daily feeding, feeding small fish, shrimp and other bait without removing the hard spines, resulting in damage to the esophagus of the turtle.
Symptoms: the turtle stops eating, the mucous membrane of the esophagus is broken, and there is a foul odor in the mouth.
Control method: Treatment requires the cooperation of 2 people. Stand the turtle upright, use a hard object to wrench open the turtle's mouth, take the wooden stick into the turtle's mouth, make the upper and lower jaws separate, use tweezers to reach into the esophagus, clamp the steel barbs, and pull downward with force. Make the barb out of the flesh, and then remove the steel hook along the esophagus. Wash the wound with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution and put antibiotic powder on the affected surface. The turtle can not be placed in deep water to avoid infection of the wound.
Author: bad thing egg 2007-6-4 19:17 Reply to this statement
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3 Re: brazilian tortoise feeding
Water mold
Caused by fungus (water mold) infecting the tortoise's skin when the tortoise lives in water or moisture for a long period of time.
(Symptoms) Water mold disease mostly occurs in the turtle's limbs and neck. Mycelium is white, soft, white cotton wool. At the beginning of the disease, the turtle's appetite is reduced, and the activity is uneasy. In severe cases, the body is thin and weak, and finally eating day by day, and eventually die. (Prevention and control) in the daily feeding management, we should often let the turtle sun, in order to inhibit the growth of water mold, to achieve the role of prevention. For turtles that have been sick, can be prepared 3% ~ 4% of the salt water dipping wash sick turtles for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and to keep the turtle utensils for disinfection. At the same time, the appropriate amount of antibiotics or sulfonamides mixed in the bait to improve the turtle's ability to resist disease.
Conjunctivitis
Mild white eye disease, most common in young Brazil. Tortoises with white eye are visibly depressed and in severe cases refuse to eat. In severe cases, white eye can lead to blindness.
Conjunctivitis is seen in all other eyed tortoises and ranges in severity from mild inflammation to total eye inflammation, and may also be caused by infectious stomatitis. Rinse with an antibiotic solution (neomycin or streptomycin), and in all cases add vitamin A to the treatment.(fishgun note: i.e., blepharitis)
On a regular basis, the water should be changed frequently to keep the water clean, and nutritional medications should be fed on time to improve the turtle's own resistance. For turtles that are already sick, they should be kept separately and the original feeding containers should be sterilized by soaking them in potassium permanganate solution for more than 30 minutes. For turtles kept in the same tank, if you find that some are already suffering from white eye disease, others can be soaked in furacilin (or furazolidone) solution. This is both a preventive measure and can be used as an early treatment. Juvenile turtles with 20 mg / liter concentration, juvenile turtles to adult turtles are used 30 mg / liter concentration, the length of the dipping time depends on the water temperature. If necessary, dip once a day (40 minutes), continuous dip 3-5 days.
For the less severe tortoise (can still open the eyes and can actively feed) can be soaked in low concentration of salt water, or raised in 15 mg / liter of furacilin or furazolidone solution, a week or so can be cured. Or with a concentration of 30 mg / liter of solution for 40 minutes a day, continuous immersion for about a week can be cured.
If the turtle's condition is more serious (refuses to eat and its eyes can no longer be opened), it should be soaked in a solution of antibiotics (containing 500-1000 units of antibiotics per milliliter) for more than one hour daily, and then the affected area should be coated with antimicrobial eye ointment, and placed in a dark place for keeping in order to promote the white secretion to fall off as soon as possible.
For tortoises with serious disease (eye erosion), first remove the white matter and white necrotic epidermis from the eye, and if bleeding, continue to clean. Then the turtle will be immersed in the liquid with vitamin B and hygromycin. The solution is prepared by putting 1/2 tablet of hygromycin and 2 tablets of vitamin B per 500 grams of water. Diseased turtles are at risk of blindness in their eyes
Abscesses
(Causes) are caused by trauma, bites, or poor environmental conditions. Anaerobic bacteria isolated from turtle abscesses include Streptococcus alimentarius; aerobic bacteria include Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Serratia, Salmonella, Micrococcus, Danish filamentous bacteria, Citrobacter felauroides, Morganella morganii, Proteus, Staphylococcus, and anaerobic bacteria of the genus Escherichia, and are often multiply infected.
(Symptoms) The subcutaneous abscesses seen are nodular or swollen and should be differentially diagnosed from parasitic nodules, tumors, and hematomas.
(Control) Localized abscesses should be incised, followed by treatment of the local wound, and systemic antibiotics are also required. Visceral abscesses may be caused by hematogenous infection, and androgenital abscesses are more common. Sometimes it can lead to peritonitis, which is treated surgically, and systemic antibiotics alone are rarely successful.
Rotten Nail Disease
Causes) Nail ulceration due to bacterial invasion of the carapace as a result of abrasion of the carapace.
(Symptoms) The surface of the carapace is ulcerated into holes, and in severe cases the muscle is visible, and the sick turtle does not eat and moves little and shrinks its head.
(Prevention and control) (1) Isolate the sick turtle, scrub the affected area with 3% hydrogen peroxide and remove the ulcerated part, then apply potassium permanganate crystallized powder directly.
(2) Turtles kept in water can be soaked in 4% saline for 30 minutes and then the affected area can be coated with antibiotic ointment, such as Bactrim.
Author: badstuffegg 2007-6-4 19:21 Reply to this statement
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4 Re: Brazilian Turtle Feeding
Rotting Skin Disease
Causes: Caused by bacterial infection, in the feeding environment of high density, the turtles bite each other, the germs invade, causing necrosis of the skin tissue of the injured part; in addition, water pollution is also easy to cause the turtle to fall ill.
Symptoms: the eye can see the affected part of the sick turtle ulcerated, skin white.
Prevention methods: first remove the affected area of the lesion, with aureomycin ointment coated, once a day. Or in the food added to the powder of aureomycin; if the turtle has stopped eating, can be applied with aureomycin and then the sick turtle isolated feeding. Do not put water to feed, so as not to aggravate the disease, to wait for the turtle to recover and then human pool feeding.
Rotting skin ulcer disease
Severe rotting skin disease. The head of the sick turtle can no longer be stretched normally. Skin disease ulcers, most likely to occur in the axilla, across the fossa, neck and other parts of the skin folds more.
(Cause) The disease is a disease caused by infection with Bacillus moniliformis. Turtles become infected with the bacteria when their skin is broken, and the toxins produced during the growth and reproduction of the bacteria cause necrosis of the tissues around the injured area.
(Symptoms) Ulcers and necrotic lesions appear on the skin.
(Prevention and treatment) Firstly, remove the foci from the affected area, apply antibiotic ointment such as Bactroban, change the medicine once a day, and then feed the sick turtle in isolation. It can be put in a damp place, do not put it into the water, so as not to aggravate the condition. Wait until the injury is healed before entering the pool.
White-eye disease
Cause: eye injury or due to poor water quality, irritation of the eye and the sick turtle with the forelimbs to rub the eye, infected with bacteria. The disease is common in red-eared turtles, tortoises, yellow-throated water turtles, yellow-edged closed-shelled turtles, eye-spotted water turtles, etc., and the incidence of young turtles is higher. The incidence of the season is spring, fall and the spring after wintering for the epidemic period.
Symptoms: the eyes of sick turtles are inflamed and bloodshot, and the eyes are swollen. Cornea and nasal mucosa are eroded due to the inflammation of the eye, the outer part of the eyeball is covered by white secretion, and there is inflammation inside the eye. Diseased turtles often rub their eyes with their forelimbs, move slowly and stop feeding. In severe cases, the eyes of the sick turtle are blind, and finally the turtle body is getting weaker and weaker and died. Some sick turtles in the early stages of the disease only one eye, if you do not take measures, soon the other eye also appeared symptoms.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen feeding management before and after the winter, when the beginning of feeding, strengthen the nutrition, enhance the ability to resist disease.
Turtle utensils disinfection, turtle glass tanks, aquariums, etc. are soaked in 10% salt water for 30 minutes, and then cleaned with water before raising turtles.
Panicillin or gray manganese breeding solution soaked this is both a preventive measure, but also can be used as early treatment. Juvenile turtles with 20 mg / liter concentration, juvenile turtles to adult turtles are used 30 mg / liter concentration, dipping time depends on the water temperature. If necessary, the immersion once a day (40 minutes), continuous immersion for 3-5 days.
Mumps
Cause: The main cause is caused by water pollution.
Symptoms: sick turtles, slow action, often in the water, land in the high neck, its neck is abnormally swollen, hind limb fossa bulging, subcutaneous gas, swollen limbs, severe bleeding from the mouth and nose.
Control and prevention methods: for mild cases can be used in a solution of gentamycin (3 tablets of oxytetracycline per 10 kilograms of water) immersion for 30 minutes.
Gastroenteritis
Cause: turtles after feeding, due to a sudden drop in ambient temperature. Feeding feed is not fresh, the water quality is corrupted, can cause turtles to fall ill.
Symptoms: mildly ill turtles have a small amount of mucus in the feces or the feces are thin and soft, yellow, green or dark green, turtles eat a small amount. Severe turtle feces are watery or mucus-like, soy sauce color, blood red. Apply the feces on white paper, visible blood, the turtle only refused to eat.
Prevention methods: the treatment of gastroenteritis, focusing on the intestines, stomach anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal mucosal protection, anti-diarrhea. Mildly ill turtles can take dysentery, flavin, chloramphenicol, etc., while supplementing vitamins, serious that sent to the doctor