Medical institutions shall, in accordance with the provisions of the use of medical equipment for sterilization; in accordance with the provisions of the one-time use of medical instruments, shall be destroyed after use.
Medical institutions shall, in accordance with the State Council health administrative department of the diagnostic standards for infectious diseases and treatment requirements, to take appropriate measures to improve the medical treatment of infectious diseases.
Interpretation of this article is about medical institutions should prevent and control hospital-acquired infections and infections of medical origin, improve the ability to treat infectious diseases.
I. Medical institutions should prevent hospital-acquired infections
Hospital-acquired infections refer to infections acquired by hospitalized patients in hospitals, including infections occurring during hospitalization and infections occurring after discharge from hospitals, but does not include infections that have begun before admission or have been in the incubation period at the time of admission. Infections acquired by hospital staff within the hospital are also hospital-acquired infections.
Prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections is an important task for medical institutions to improve the quality of medical care, ensure medical safety, and safeguard the occupational health of medical personnel themselves.
According to WHO's statistics on 55 medical institutions in 14 countries in the 1990s, the proportion of patients with nosocomial infections averaged 8.7%, indicating that nosocomial infections are prevalent around the world. WHO believes that the control of nosocomial infections in healthcare institutions is a key measure for controlling infectious diseases, and that healthcare institutions should fulfill their responsibilities for infectious disease control by controlling nosocomial infections. responsibilities. "Prevention of nosocomial infections is the responsibility of all healthcare workers."
The law requires medical institutions to prevent nosocomial infections of infectious diseases in three ways:
(1) Basic standards - According to the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions, medical institutions set up in China must comply with the "Basic Standards for Medical Institutions (for Trial Implementation)" formulated by the Ministry of Health. However, this standard was formulated in 1994, and the content related to the prevention of infectious diseases is insufficient and needs to be revised to facilitate the establishment of medical institutions with good prevention of infectious diseases.
(2) architectural design - through the fight against infectious atypical pneumonia in 2003, exposed one of the problems in China's prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, is that many of the existing infectious disease hospitals and general hospitals in the infectious diseases department's architectural design is not suitable for the prevention and control of nosocomial cross-infections, in particular not in line with the treatment of diseases like In particular, they do not meet the requirements for treating respiratory infectious diseases such as infectious atypical pneumonia, which can easily lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Because of this, 2O03 May 14, General Office of the Ministry of Health, General Office of the Ministry of Construction **** with the development of the "acceptance of patients with infectious atypical pneumonia hospital building design guidelines". The purpose is to strictly control cross-infection in the hospital and prevent pollution of the environment. In terms of hardware and facilities, it provides a safe and reliable working environment for front-line medical staff, a comfortable and convenient environment for patients, and an infectious disease hospital that does not pollute the surrounding environment for society. This principle applies to the centralized treatment of infectious atypical pneumonia patients hospital renovation, expansion, new projects can refer to the implementation. Recently, the Ministry of Health is developing the "general hospital construction standards", "general hospital building design specifications", which incorporates the requirements of infectious disease prevention and treatment.
(3) service flow - in order to cut off the transmission of infectious diseases and reduce the hospital infection rate, medical institutions should set up a relatively independent medical area for infectious diseases, away from other departments and personnel. The medical area is equipped with comprehensive functions such as registration, case management, reception, laboratory examination, imaging examination, pharmacy, detention, treatment and charging. Separately set up clean channel and pollution channel, suspected disease area and confirmed disease area. Medical personnel in accordance with the clean area - semi-contaminated area - contaminated area of the workflow layout of the work area, each into the first level of the region, must be set up through the dressing place. Patients, patients and medical staff to minimize the chance of mutual infection.
Hospitals are the source of infectious diseases, nosocomial infections will not only cause harm to the medical staff and patients, but also cause the spread of the community, the control of nosocomial infections is an important part of the prevention and control of infectious diseases, to which we must attach great importance.
Second, health care institutions should prevent and control of medical infections
Medical infections refers to medical services, due to the spread of pathogens caused by infection.
Medical infection causes and pathways are more, this law is only on the use of medical equipment disinfection and a use of medical equipment to be destroyed after use to make special provisions, it can be seen, one is to reflect the daily management of medical institutions, these two aspects of the problem is more prominent two is to do a good job of these two work for the prevention and control of infectious diseases is very important.
1. In accordance with the provisions of the use of medical equipment disinfection
Can be reused surgical instruments or endoscopes, etc. must be strictly disinfected and sterilized before use. Otherwise, there is a risk of hospital infection or the spread of infectious diseases. Sterilization must be carried out in accordance with the State Council's "Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Medical Devices" and the Ministry of Health's "Code of Practice for the Management of Hospital Infections", "Hospital Sterilization Specifications", "Sterilization Management Measures" and other relevant provisions without deviation. 2. In accordance with the provisions of the destruction of the use of disposable medical devices
In the clinic, the widespread use of disposable infusion (blood transfusion, injection) device is designed to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired infections, effective control of a variety of infectious diseases of the spread of health care. However, through health law enforcement supervision and inspection, it has been found that some medical institutions, in violation of state regulations, sell discarded, unsterilized, disfigured single-use infusion (blood transfusion, injection) devices to unscrupulous vendors for profit. These discarded transfusion (blood transfusion, injection) devices are simply processed by unscrupulous traders and then sold to medical institutions for re-use under the guise of qualified products, posing a serious threat to people's health and medical safety. Medical institutions must strictly follow the State Council's "Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste", "Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Medical Devices", the Ministry of Health and the State Environmental Protection Administration's "Classification Catalogue of Medical Waste", "Provisions on Specialized Packaging, Container Standards and Warning Labels for Medical Waste", and the Ministry of Health's "Provisions on Disposable Transfusion Devices, Disposable Noninjectable Devices, Disposable Liquid Transfusion Devices, Disposable Blood Transfusion Devices, Disposable Blood Transfusion Devices and Disposable Blood Transfusion Devices. (blood) transfusion apparatus and single-use sterile syringes for clinical use", "Notice on Reaffirming the Strengthening of the Management of Single-Use Sterile Medical Supplies", "Hospital Infection Management Code", "Hospital Disinfection Technical Code", "Disinfection Management Measures" and other relevant regulations, to strengthen the management of single-use transfusion (blood transfusion, injection) apparatus for clinical use. Disused infusion (blood transfusion, injection) devices and other disposable medical instruments must be disinfected, disfigured or centrally disposed of in a timely manner in accordance with the relevant provisions, and are strictly prohibited from being distributed to the community. In addition, other medical waste should also be in accordance with the State Council "Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste", the Ministry of Health and the State Environmental Protection Administration "Classification Catalog of Medical Waste", "Medical Waste Special Packaging, Container Standards and Warning Labeling Requirements" for management and disposal.
Three, medical institutions should improve the medical treatment of infectious diseases
Bacteria and viruses are constantly changing, which naturally leads to changes in the spectrum of infectious diseases. For example, the increase in types of hepatitis and the emergence of infectious atypical pneumonia are consequences of this law. Individual differences in people can have different effects on the same diagnosis or treatment. Due to the existence of these uncertainties, it is inevitable to require that medical institutions should be in accordance with the State Council health administrative department of the diagnosis of infectious diseases, treatment standards, and take corresponding measures to improve the medical treatment of infectious diseases.
Taking the treatment of infectious atypical pneumonia as an example. When patients and suspected patients of infectious atypical pneumonia appeared to spread throughout the country, the Ministry of Health organized national experts to focus on researching the disease. Timely clinical diagnostic standards, recommended treatment programs, and discharge diagnostic reference standards were issued, and timely revisions were made based on new research results to guide the nation's treatment efforts. Medical institutions can only benefit the people by continuously improving the medical treatment capacity of infectious diseases, increasing the cure rate and reducing the mortality rate.