Speaker is the terminal of the entire audio system, its role is to convert the audio electrical energy into the corresponding acoustic energy, and radiate it to the space.
It is an extremely important part of the audio system, because it is responsible for the electrical signals into acoustic signals for the human ear to listen directly to such a key task, it is directly with the human hearing dealings, and human hearing is very sensitive, and the complexity of the sound of the timbre of the sound has a strong ability to discriminate.
By the use of occasions to be divided into two categories of professional speakers and home speakers.
Domestic speakers are generally used for home sound, which is characterized by the sound quality is delicate and soft, the appearance is more delicate, beautiful, sound pressure level is not too high, to withstand the power is relatively small.
Professional speakers are generally used in dance halls, karaoke, theaters, halls and stadiums and other professional entertainment venues. General professional speakers of high sensitivity, high sound pressure, good strength, withstand power, compared with home speakers, its sound quality is hard, the appearance is not very delicate. But in the professional speakers in the monitor speakers, its performance and home speakers are closer to the appearance is generally more delicate, compact, so these monitors are often used by home HI-FI audio system.
According to the frequency to Can be divided into full bandwidth speakers, bass speakers and subwoofer speakers.
The so-called full bandwidth speaker refers to the sound that can cover the low frequency, midrange and high frequency range of sound. The lower frequency limit of the full-band speaker is generally 30Hz-60Hz, the upper frequency of 15KHz-20KHz. in general, small and medium-sized audio system only a pair or two pairs of full-band speakers can be fully responsible for the task of sound.
Bass speakers and subwoofer is generally used to supplement the full-band speakers of low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency amplification of the special speakers. These speakers are generally used in large and medium-sized audio system to strengthen the low-frequency amplification of the strength and shock. When used, most after an electronic crossover (crossover) crossover, the low-frequency signal into a specialized bass amplifier, and then promote the bass or subwoofer.
According to the use of the general can be divided into the main amplifier speakers. Monitor speakers and listening back to the speakers, etc.
1. The main speaker is generally used as the main speaker of the audio system, to undertake the task of the main sound. The performance of the main speaker on the whole sound system has a great impact on the quality of the sound, you can also choose to use the full-band speakers and subwoofer speakers for the combination of sound.
2. Monitor speakers for the control room, recording studio for program monitoring, it has a small distortion, wide and flat frequency response, the signal is rarely modified and other characteristics, so the most realistic reproduction of the program's original appearance.
3. Listening back to the speakers, also known as stage monitor speakers, generally used on stage or in the dance hall for actors or band members to monitor their own singing or playing sound. This is because they are located on the stage behind the main amplifier speakers, can not hear their own sound or the band's playing sound, so it can not be a good match or to find the feeling of inability, seriously affecting the performance effect. General listening back to the speaker into a slant shape, placed on the ground, so that can be placed on the stage does not affect the overall shape of the stage, but also in the release of sound so that people on the stage to hear clearly, but also does not cause the sound feedback to the microphone caused by the whistling sound.
Cabinet structure can be divided into sealed speakers, inverted speakers, labyrinth speakers, acoustic tube speakers and multi-cavity resonance speakers, etc.
Which in the professional speakers used in the inverted speakers, characterized by a wide frequency response, high efficiency, high pressure, in line with the professional audio system speaker type, but because of its lower efficiency, so in the professional speakers in a more inverted speakers, characterized by a wide frequency response, high efficiency, high pressure, in line with the professional audio system speaker type, but due to its lower efficiency, so in the professional speakers in a more inverted speakers. Therefore, in the professional speakers less application, mainly used for home speakers, only a few of the monitor speakers using closed box structure. Sealed speaker has a simple design and production of debugging, frequency response is wider, low-frequency transient characteristics such as good, but the dial sound unit requirements are higher. In a variety of speakers, inverted-phase speakers and sealed speakers account for most of the proportion of other types of speakers in a variety of structural forms, but the proportion is very small.
1. Closed Enclosure (Closed Enclosure) is the simplest structure of the speaker system, 1923 by FrederICk proposed by the speaker unit mounted in a fully sealed box body composition. It can be completely isolated from the speaker's forward radiation sound waves and backward radiation sound waves, but due to the existence of the closed box, increasing the speaker's moving mass *** vibration of the rigidity of the speaker's lowest *** vibration frequency rise. Closed box sound color is somewhat deep, but good bass analysis, the use of ordinary hard folded ring speakers, in order to get satisfactory bass reproduction, the need to use a large volume of large boxes, the new closed box most of the selection of appropriate Q value of the high compliance speakers. Utilizing the elasticity of the compressed air mass enclosed in the cabinet, although the speaker is mounted in a smaller cabinet, the air cushion behind the cone will apply counterforce to the cone, so this small closed speaker is also known as air cushion speakers.
2. Bass-Reflex Enclosure (Bass-Reflex Enclosure), also known as inverted-phase speaker (AcoustICal Phase Inverter), invented by Thuras in 1930. In its load there is a sound outlet opening in a panel of the box, the opening position and shape of a variety of holes, but most of the holes are also equipped with sound conduit. The inner volume of the box and the sound conduit holes, according to the principle of Z*** vibration, at a particular frequency to produce **** vibration, called anti-*** vibration frequency. Speaker backward radiation of sound waves by the conduit inverted phase, by the sound outlet radiation to the front, and the speaker forward radiation of sound waves for in-phase superposition, it can provide a wider bandwidth than the closed type, with higher sensitivity, less distortion. Ideally, the lower limit of the low frequency playback frequency can be as much as 20% lower than the speaker *** vibration frequency. This type of speaker with a smaller cabinet can replay the rich bass, is the most widely used type.
3. Acoustic resistance Enclosure (AcoustIC resistance Enclosure) is essentially a deformation of the inverted speaker, it is filled with acoustic materials or structures in the outlet conduit, as a semi-enclosed box control inverted role of the cushion, in order to reduce the anti-*** vibration frequency to broaden the bass playback band.
4. transmission line type speaker (Labyrinth Enclosure) is the classical electrical theory of the transmission line named, behind the speaker with acoustic wall plate made of acoustic conduit, the length of which is required to enhance the wavelength of the low-frequency sound of 1/4 or 1/8. theoretically, it is attenuated by the cone behind the sound waves, to prevent them from reflecting back to the open end of the impact of the woofer sound radiation, but in practice, the sound radiation. Theoretically it attenuates the sound waves coming from behind the cone to prevent them from reflecting into the open end and affecting the sound radiation of the woofer, but in practice the transmission line speaker has a mild damping and tuning effect, which increases the acoustic output of the speaker around or below the *** vibration frequency and reduces the amount of impulse while enhancing the bass output. Usually most of the sound ducts of such speakers are stacked in a labyrinth shape, so they are also called labyrinth or curve type.
5. Passive radial speaker (Drone Cone Enclosure) is a branch of the bass-reflex speaker, also known as the empty paper cone speaker, is the United States of America in 1954 Olson and Preston published, it's the opening of the sound port by a no magnetic circuit and voice coil of the empty paper cone (passive cone) instead of the vibration of the passive cone generated by the radiation and the speaker Radiation generated by the vibration of the passive cone and the speaker forward radiation sound in the same phase working condition, the use of air in the box and passive cone support components *** with the composition of the composite acoustic smooth and passive cone quality to form a resonance, to enhance the bass. The main advantage of this speaker is to avoid the reflection of the unstable sound produced by the sound hole, even if the volume is not large enough to get a good sound radiation effect, so the sensitivity is high, can effectively reduce the speakers work spoke, standing wave effect is small, the sound is clear and transparent.
6. coupled cavity speaker is between the closed and bass-reflex type of a box structure, the United States in 1953 Henry Lang published, its output by the cone driven by the side of the sound hole output, the other side of the cone with a closed box coupling. The advantages of this speaker for the low-frequency speaker to promote the amount of air greatly increased due to the coupling cavity is a tuned system, in the cone movement is limited, the outlet output does not exceed the sound output of a separate cone, broadening the low-frequency replay range, so the distortion is reduced to withstand the increase in power. 1969 Japan Lo-d Kawashima Yukihiko published A-S-W (AcoustIC Super) speaker is a kind of Woofer, which is a type of speaker. Woofer) speaker is a coupled-cavity speakers, suitable for small-diameter, long-stroke speakers without distortion playback bass.
7. Horn type Enclosure (Horn type Enclosure) for home use, more folded horn (Folded Horn) form, it's horn horn horn in the mouth with a larger air load coupled to a small diameter of the drive end, the back of this speaker is fully sealed, the pressure in the box cavity are more in the back of the speaker cone. In order to ensure that the cone before and after the pressure to maintain a balance, inverted horn device in front of the speaker. Folding horn speaker is a derivative of the inverted speaker, its sound effect is better than the general bass-reflex speakers of the closed box. According to the number of speaker units
2.0 speakers, 2.1 speakers, 5.1 speakers.
By the box material points wooden speakers, plastic speakers, metal speakers and so on.
Power amplifier:Power amplifier for short, commonly known as "amplifier", is the most basic equipment in the audio system, its task is to amplify the weak electrical signals from the signal source (professional audio system is from the mixing console) in order to drive the speakers to emit sound.
Amplifier Classification
Frequency Shift Amplifier
1. In addition to the function of amplifying signals to drive loudspeakers for sound reinforcement of ordinary amplifiers, Frequency Shift Amplifier is also able to inhibit on-site whistling effectively and ensure the quality of voice transmission, and it is able to inhibit back-whistling and protect sound quality to a great extent, even in the poorer environment. Even in the poor environment, can greatly inhibit the tsunami, to protect the audio equipment will not be burned out due to whistling.
2. Shifted frequency amplifier is widely used in high-grade multimedia classrooms, training rooms, small conference rooms or other simple sound reinforcement occasions, microphone can be directly connected to the shifted frequency amplifier, but also can effectively inhibit the microphone on the speakers generated by the whistling, and support for background music access for sound reinforcement.
By the conductive mode
By the conductive mode of the amplifier tube in the amplifier can be divided into Class A amplifier (also known as Class A), Class B amplifier (also known as Class B), Class A and Class B amplifier (also known as Class AB) and Class D amplifier (also known as Class D).
Class A amplifiers are a class of amplifiers in which no current cutoff (i.e., cessation of output) occurs in any of the power output elements of the amplifier during the entire cycle of the signal (the positive and negative two half-weeks of a sine wave). Class A amplifiers operate with high heat and low efficiency, but have the inherent advantage that there is no crossover distortion. Single-ended amplifiers are all Class A operation, and push-pull amplifiers can be Class A, Class B or Class A-B.
Class B amplifier is a sinusoidal signal of positive and negative two half-week respectively by the push-pull output stage of the two "arms" take turns to amplify the output of a class of amplifiers, each "arm" of the conductive time of the signal for half a cycle. Class B amplifier has the advantage of high efficiency, the disadvantage is that it will produce cross-over distortion.
Class A and B amplifier boundary between class A and class B, push-pull amplification of each "arm" conduction time is greater than half a cycle of the signal and less than a cycle. Class A and B amplification effectively solves the problem of cross over distortion of class B amplifiers, the efficiency is higher than that of class A amplifiers, so it has gained a very wide range of applications.
Class D amplifiers, also known as digital amplifiers, the use of extremely high-frequency switching circuits to amplify audio signals, with high efficiency, the advantages of small size. Many power up to 1000W class D amplifier, the volume is only as large as the VHS video tape. This type of amplifier is not suitable for use as a broadband amplifier, but there are more applications in the active subwoofer.
By the number of components
1. According to the number of amplifier output stage amplifier components, can be divided into single-ended amplifier and push-pull amplifier.
Single-ended amplifier output stage by an amplifying element (or more elements but connected in parallel to form a group) to complete the signal amplification of the positive and negative two half-week. Single
Amplifier
End-amplified machines can only take Class A operation.
Push-pull amplifier output stage has two "arms" (two sets of amplifying elements), an "arm" of the current increases, the other "arm" of the current is reduced, the two The current in one arm increases, while the current in the other arm decreases, and the states of the two are switched in turn. For the load, it seems to be an "arm" in the push, an "arm" in the pull, *** with the completion of the current output task. Although the class A amplifier can be used push-pull amplification, but more commonly used push-pull amplification to form a class B or class A and B amplifiers.
By type of amplifier tube
By type of amplifier tube in the amplifier can be divided into gallows and stone.
Choles are amplifiers that use electronic tubes.
Stone machines are amplifiers that use transistors.
By function
By function, you can preamplifier (also known as pre-amplifier), power amplifier (also known as post-amplifier) and combined amplifier.
Power amplifier referred to as amplifier, used to enhance the signal power to drive the speaker sound of an electronic device. Power amplifier without source selection, volume control
Amplifier
Accessory functions such as power amplifiers are called post-stage.
Pre-amplifier is a pre-amplifier and control section before the power amplifier, used to enhance the voltage amplitude of the signal, provide input signal selection, tone adjustment and volume control and other functions. Preamplifiers are also known as pre-stages.
The amplifier that installs the preamplifier and power amplifier in the same chassis is called a combined amplifier, and the common amplifiers we have at home are usually combined.
By use
By use, can be divided into AV amplifier, Hi-Fi amplifier.
1.AV amplifiers are amplifiers designed specifically for home theater use, generally with more than four channels and surround sound decoding capabilities, and with a display. This type of amplifier in order to truly create the film environment sound effect allows the audience to experience the theater effect as the main purpose.
With the popularity of large-screen TVs and a variety of image carriers, people's demand for "sitting at home and watching movies" is increasing, so a variety of audio and video functions in one multi-function amplifier came into being. "AV" is the English AudioVideo that is audio, video of the first letter of the acronym. "AV amplifier" has experienced the Dolby surround, Dolby Directional Logic, AC-3, DTS process, AV amplifier and the difference between ordinary amplifiers, is that the AV amplifier has AV select Dolby Directional Logic decoder, AC-3, DTS decoder, and five-channel power amplifier. As well as the finishing touch of the digital sound field [DSP] circuit, for a variety of program playback to provide different sound field effects. However, due to the AV amplifier in the circuit of the signal flow link, after too many and complex processing circuit, so that the purity of the sound "by too much" coloring "so the AV amplifier compatible with HI-FI playback is not ideal. This is also the reason why many HI-FI audiophiles do not care about AV amplifiers.
2. Hi-Fi amplifiers are amplifiers designed to reproduce the original nature of music in high fidelity, generally two-channel design, and no display.
"HI-FI amplifier" is our audiophile amplifier, its output power is generally mostly in the 2X150 watts. Designed to "sound excellent amplifier beauty, high fidelity" for the purpose. A variety of high-tech focused on this amplifier. The price also ranges from more than a thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars. "HI-FI amplifier" is divided into "split" [the preamplifier independently], and "combined" [the pre and post machine into one]. Generally speaking, in the same grade model "split" in the signal-to-noise ratio, channel segmentation and other indicators higher than the "combined machine" [not absolute]. And easy to pass the signal line sound. Consolidated machine is easy to use, the relative cost of the advantages of low-cost, affordable consolidated machine output power is generally designed in the majority of 2X100W below, there are many manufacturers to produce more than 2X100W high-grade consolidated machine.
According to the use of components
According to the use of different components, amplifiers and "gall blower" [tube amplifier], "stone" [transistor amplifier], "IC power amplifier" [transistor amplifier], "IC power amplifier" [transistor amplifier], "IC power amplifier" [transistor amplifier], "IC power amplifier" [transistor amplifier]. "IC amplifier" [integrated circuit amplifier]. As a result of new technologies, new concepts in the use of gallbladders, making the tube this ancient vacuum device and shine, its beautiful sound, so many enthusiasts worship. Almost all of the senior audiophiles have one. "IC amplifier" due to his tone than the last two kinds of amplifiers so in the HI-FI amplifier rarely see his shadow.
Subwoofer:
Subwoofer is a common name or abbreviation, strictly speaking should be: subwoofer. Subwoofer is actually a term used in electronic music, for bass music. The first time this term was developed was innovatively, and the term "subwoofer" was pioneered by McLane (now McBeat). In terms of audio analysis for the human ear, it consists of a subwoofer, bass, low-midrange, midrange, mid-tenor, soprano, and ultra-tenor, and has the effect of reinforcing the rhythm of syllables.
Types
Subwoofers can be broadly divided into two categories: active subwoofers and passive subwoofers.
Active subwoofer refers to its own built-in amplifier subwoofer, the use of another amplifier, usually in the shape of a tube. The shortcomings of this kind of subwoofer are that the heat dissipation is not ideal, the power will not be very big, and the cylinder shape usually produces unnecessary *** vibration phenomenon, so that the controllability of the subwoofer is reduced.
In contrast, passive subwoofers work with an external amplifier. This kind of subwoofer can be more flexible in shape and power selection, the effect is naturally more ideal.
Additionally active speakers can be subdivided into:
Sealed boxes and perforated boxes, the former is more suitable for deep symphonic music, the latter is more suitable for pop music.
The subwoofer seems to be the least likely to be used, and tends to be found around young people who like metal-flavored music, and is a must-have for owners of cars that like pop and rock music. In principle, the subwoofer and speakers work in exactly the same way, only the diameter of the diaphragm is larger, generally in the 8 to 10 inches, and increased for *** vibration of the speaker.
Germany Xipai Electronics International Group by more than twenty years of careful casting, has been a modern high-tech content of electronic product development centers. CE professional audio series to the optimal product quality, good after-sales service by the majority of domestic and foreign stage performances recognized and praised workers. In the technology to continuous innovation and improvement, enterprising climb has been in the industry to stand out, stand out of the crowd.
Western manufacturers to take this opportunity to once again launch the new CE series speakers, this section of the series in addition to maintaining the characteristics of the traditional speakers, in the original performance on the basis of improvement and innovation, absorbing the characteristics of foreign imports of speakers and advanced technology, so that the CE series of products are more professional, more perfect!