China's nuclear and radiation safety regulatory system are:
I. Regulatory departments and management system
Regulatory departments and their duties:
Article 8 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution stipulates that "The competent department of the State Council responsible for environmental protection administration shall carry out, according to law, unified supervision and management of the prevention and control of radioactive pollution throughout the country. supervision and management"; "the State Council administrative department of health and other relevant departments in accordance with the duties prescribed by the State Council, supervision and management of radioactive pollution prevention and control work in accordance with the law".
Article 3 of the Regulations on the Safety and Protection of Radioisotopes and Radiation Devices provides that "the competent department for environmental protection under the State Council shall carry out unified supervision and management of the safety and protection of radioisotopes and radiation devices throughout the country"; and that "the public security and health departments of the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of labor and the provisions of these Regulations, carry out unified supervision and management of the prevention and control of radioactive contamination in accordance with law". The departments of public security, health and other departments under the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities and the provisions of these Regulations, supervise and manage the safety and protection of radioisotopes and radiation devices"; "The competent department for environmental protection of the local people's governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities and the provisions of these Regulations, supervise and manage the safety and protection of radioisotopes and radiation devices in the local administrative areas". work to implement supervision and management."
The Office of the Central Organizational Preparation Committee clearly stipulates the management duties and division of labor of all relevant departments in the Circular on the Division of Responsibilities of Departments Regarding the Supervision of the Safety of Radioactive Sources (No. 17 of the Central Organizational Preparation Office of the People's Republic of China [2003]), which are as follows:
(1) The department of environmental protection (the department in charge of nuclear safety) is in charge of unified supervision of the safety of production, import and export, sale, use, transportation, storage, and disposal of radioactive sources. and the unified supervision of waste disposal safety.
Developing and organizing the implementation of laws, regulations and technical standards on the safety of radioactive sources;
Establishing and implementing a registration and management system for radioactive sources;
Approving and issuing safety permits for radioactive sources based on the environmental impact assessment report (form), radiation safety assessment report and occupational disease hazard assessment report provided by the radiation work unit and informing the public security departments at the same level;
Regarding the production, import, export, sale, use, transport, storage and disposal of radioactive sources. p>Responsible for the production, import and export, sales, use, transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive sources in the field of radiation safety in the field of professional and technical personnel engaged in the management of the qualifications of key positions;
Responsible for the radioactive contamination of radioactive sources of the emergency response, investigation and treatment, and classification and characterization of accidents, and notify the relevant information on the State Emergency Response Coordination Committee for nuclear accidents;
Assist the public security departments to monitor recovery of lost and stolen radioactive sources;
Organize technical research on the safety of radioactive sources.
(2) The health department is responsible for the evaluation and management of occupational disease hazards of radioactive sources; is responsible for the management of access to radioactive source diagnostic and treatment technology and medical radiation institutions; participates in the emergency response to radioactive contamination of radioactive sources, and is responsible for the medical emergency response to radioactive contamination of radioactive sources.
(3) public security departments are responsible for the safety and security of radioactive sources and road transportation safety supervision; responsible for the lost and stolen radioactive sources of the case, reconnaissance and recovery; participate in the radioactive contamination of radioactive sources of emergency response work.
(4) The commerce department, in conjunction with the environmental protection department (the nuclear safety authority), publishes a catalog for the management of the import and export of radioactive sources.
(5) Customs import and export of radioactive sources in accordance with the import and export of radioactive sources management directory, inspection and certification of environmental protection departments (nuclear safety authorities) issued by the security of radioactive sources for customs import and export procedures.
(6) railroads, transportation, civil aviation departments are responsible for radioactive sources of railroad, water transport, air transport and radioactive sources of railroads, highways, water transport, civil aviation and transport units and means of transport, supervision of personnel.
(7) the postal sector is responsible for the postal security supervision and inspection of radioactive sources.
The National Nuclear Accident Emergency Response Coordination Committee is responsible for the relevant international information notification work according to the nature and level of radioactive contamination accidents of radioactive sources determined by the environmental protection department (the competent authority for nuclear safety).
II. Management System of Environmental Protection Departments
Currently, China has formed a network for the supervision of radioactive sources under the leadership of the Department of Radiation Safety Administration of the State Environmental Protection Administration (Department of Nuclear Safety Administration), with the participation of the administrative departments of environmental protection of all provinces, cities and counties (districts).
The administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council implements unified supervision and management of radioactive source production units; it is responsible for establishing a management catalog for the import, export and sale of radioactive sources; it organizes the formulation of special action plans, and is responsible for the supervision and acceptance of the implementation of the special action plans; and it is responsible for the approval of the pre-operation of the municipal radioactive waste repositories of each province.
The administrative department of environmental protection in each province is responsible for the unified supervision and management of units that use, transport, store and dispose of radioactive sources; it is responsible for organizing the environmental protection departments at all levels in the province to carry out the special action plan for radioactive sources; and it is responsible for the safe operation of the municipal radioactive waste repositories in the region.
Municipal and county-level administrative departments of environmental protection, under the organization of the provincial environmental protection department, the implementation of supervision and inspection of the safety of radioactive sources under their jurisdiction.
(A), environmental protection departments and construction units of specific responsibilities:
1, the whole process of supervision of radioactive sources
Radiation source safety management involves the production, import and export of radioactive sources, sales, use, transportation, storage and disposal of radioactive sources, that is, the radioactive source from "life" to "death" of the source. The whole process of "death". The flow of radioactive sources among the various links is illustrated in Figure 1. After the promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution, the leading position of the administrative department responsible for environmental protection in the safety management of radioactive sources was clarified. In order to further strengthen the safety management of radioactive sources, safeguard public health and reduce the risk of accidents, it is necessary to clarify the respective responsibilities of the environmental protection department and the construction unit.
2, the main regulatory responsibilities of the administrative department of environmental protection:
(1) implementation of the environmental impact assessment system;
(2) implementation of the completion of the environmental protection facilities acceptance system;
(3) implementation of the licensing system;
(4) dynamic approval of the radioactive sources of the filing of the regulatory;
(5) law enforcement supervision and inspection;
(6) Leading the emergency response and aftermath of accidents;
(7) Establishing a dynamic database on the distribution and flow of sealed sources.
3, the construction unit (licensing, registration) should fulfill the main business responsibilities
(1) construction (or rent) in line with the radiation protection requirements of the plant or place of business;
(2) selection of advanced technology and equipment, to carry out cleaner production;
(3) the establishment of professional knowledge of the radiation of the workforce (supervisors and operators); the preparation of the corresponding
Radiation monitoring equipment; the establishment of personal dose files of employees;
(4) the development of radiation safety management system and emergency response plan for accidents;
(5) commissioned environmental monitoring and environmental assessment agencies to prepare environmental impact reports (tables) or
registration forms for construction projects, as well as environmental protection facilities, completion and acceptance report;
(6) ) Apply for the Radiation Safety License and handle future changes and cancellations;
(7) Accept the routine supervision and inspection by the administrative department of environmental protection;
(8) Take responsibility for the radiation hazards it causes in accordance with the law.
As far as the safety management of radioactive sources is concerned, the licensing system and the approval and filing system are matters in which there is a high element of interaction between the management and the construction units.
Three, radiation environmental safety management laws and regulations and related standards
(A) Laws and regulations
1, "Chinese People's **** and the State Environmental Protection Law," 1989
2, "Chinese People's **** and the State Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law," 2003
3, "Chinese People's *** and the State Environmental Impact Assessment Law", 2002
3, "Chinese People's **** and the State Environmental Impact Assessment Law Regulations on the Safety and Protection of Radioisotopes and Radiation Devices, 2005
5. Regulations on the Management of Environmental Protection in Construction Projects, Decree No. 253 of the State Council, 1998
6. Measures for the Administration of Safety Licenses for Radioisotopes and Radiation Devices, 2006
7. Measures for the Administration of Environmental Protection Acceptance on Completion of Construction Projects, Decree No. 13 of the State Environmental Protection Administration, 2001
8. Measures for the Administration of Radioactive Environment, Decree No. 3 of the State Environmental Protection Administration, 1990
9. Measures for the Administration of Municipal Radioactive Wastes (87) Huanfangzhi No. 239, 1987
10. Radiation Health Protection Standards for the Use of Sealed Radioactive Sources (GB16354-1996)
4, Radiation Health Protection Standards for Instrumentation Containing Sealed Sources (GB16368-1996)
5, Sealed Radioactive Sources for Well Logging in Oil (Gas) Fields (GBZ142-2002)
6, Non-Sealed Radioactive Sources for Well Logging in Oil (Gas) Fields Oil (gas) field logging with non-sealed radioactive sources health protection standards (GBZ118-2002)
7, "Regulations on the Safe Transportation of Radioactive Substances" (GB11806-2004)
8, "Regulations on the Management of Radioactive Waste" (GB14500-2002)
9, "Classification of Radioactive Waste (GB9133-1995)
9, "Radioactive Waste" (GB9133-1995)
9, "Radioactive Waste" (GB9133-1995) 1995)
10 , "radiation sources and practices of exemptions from the management principles" (GB13367-92)
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