1, surrounding environment
The site should be located in a place with convenient transportation, which is conducive to the transportation of feed and chickens, but it should keep a distance of 300-500 meters from the main traffic roads, and the chicken farm should be connected with the main roads by building special roads; The distance from other poultry farms should be greater than 1 km, and at the same time, it should keep a long distance from industrial and mining enterprises, government schools, markets and residential areas. To prevent farms from being affected by the external environment is also conducive to epidemic prevention. In order to avoid causing environmental pollution disputes with nearby residents, it is best to choose the downwind position of the main wind direction of local residential buildings, but leave the sewage outlet of residential areas. It is not suitable to choose in the downwind or nearby of chemical plants, slaughterhouses, tanneries and other enterprises that are easy to cause environmental pollution.
2. Topography
Terrain includes the shape and slope of the site. The ideal chicken farm should be built on the soil with high and dry terrain, good drainage, leeward and sunny, flat terrain or slightly gentle slope. You can't choose swamps, lowlands, basins or valleys surrounded by mountains or hills. If the farm is built in a mountainous area, it should choose a relatively flat leeward slope with good drainage performance and sufficient sunshine, which can weaken the invasion of cold wind in winter. The slope should not be too large, otherwise it is not conducive to production management and long-distance transportation. On the slope with relatively flat terrain, it is best to keep the height difference within 1-3 meters per 100 meters, which can not only avoid the impact and concealment of mountain torrents and rainwater, but also facilitate the discharge of sewage in the field and keep the field dry. Generally speaking, low-lying and humid sites are conducive to the survival of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, but are not conducive to the temperature regulation of chickens and seriously affect the service life of buildings. In mountainous areas, valleys or valleys in the south, the dirty air discharged from chicken houses sometimes stays and covers the area for a long time, causing air pollution. This terrain is not suitable for breeding grounds.
The terrain should be open and tidy, not too long and narrow, and not too many bends. The long and narrow site often affects the rational layout of buildings, lengthens the abortion operation line, and makes the health and epidemic prevention and production contact in the site inconvenient; In addition, chicken farms should not be built on the north slope of the hillside.
3. Water and water quality
The farm needs a lot of water. In the process of feeding and production, a lot of water is needed for drinking chicken, washing chicken coops and utensils, and the needs of employees' life and greening. A chicken farm with 6.5438 million chickens needs 30-40 tons of drinking water every day, and other water uses nearly 654.38+ 000 tons. Therefore, the construction of chicken farms must have reliable water sources. The water source shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The water quantity is enough to meet all kinds of water use, and the needs of fire prevention and future development are considered.
(2) The water quality is good, and the water that can reach the drinking water label without treatment is ideal.
(3) It is easy to protect and ensure that the water quality of the water source is always in a good state and is not polluted by the surrounding environment.
(4) Convenient access, less equipment investment and simple processing technology.
Water quality mainly refers to the content of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances in water. Generally speaking, when supplying tap water, the main consideration is whether the pipe diameter can ensure water supply; When using surface water for water supply, it is necessary to investigate whether there are sewage and sundries discharged from factories, agricultural production and pastures near the water source. It is best to set up shore sand filter wells in ponds, rivers and lakes to percolate the water source; Most of them use underground deep well water for water supply, and the depth of the well should exceed10m. For ground and deep well water supply, please ask the environmental protection department to test the water quality. Only qualified water can be used to ensure the health and safety of chickens and field workers.
4. Land
It is required that the soil has good air permeability and water permeability, and there is no bacteria and industrial wastewater pollution, and sandy loam is suitable. This kind of soil is porous, permeable and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth of trees and pastures. It can increase the ground temperature in winter and reduce the ground radiation heat in summer. Gravel soil and pure sand can't be used to build farms. This kind of soil has fast heat conduction, low ground temperature in winter, scorching heat in summer and lack of fertility, which is not conducive to the growth of vegetation, thus not conducive to the formation of a better microclimate around the chicken house.
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