The pigment or dye printed on paper, rubber or other carriers, and then transferred to the goods to be printed on the so-called transfer printing, but narrowly transfer printing refers to the needle textiles as the carrier of the transfer printing technology. Transfer printing is mainly used in polyester fiber products, with the improvement of transfer printing technology, in nylon, acrylonitrile, cotton, hemp, woolen fabrics on the rubber airbags have been widely used.
Transfer printing is divided into wet, dry, steam, vacuum, heat and other forms. Transfer printing method can accurately reproduce the pattern, to facilitate the mechanization of production, and the process is simple, especially after printing and dyeing than the traditional printing and dyeing process is simple and printing and dyeing feel the same, and thus gradually replace the old printing trend. However, most of the printing and dyeing factories in China are still using the traditional printing and dyeing method, only a few production units using transfer printing production.
At present the use of a wider range of hot melt resin in addition to polyester and polyamide, vinyl acetate **** polymer and polyurethane. Polyester hot melt adhesive main component is the polyester resin, polyester resin is a polyacid. And polyol for lipidation and obtained. Polyamide hot melt adhesive resin adhesive force, rubber fender, toughness, low temperature and nylon fabric affinity is particularly good, suitable for the preparation of nylon transfer printing paper. Ethylene - vinyl acetate **** polymer melting point is low, strong adhesion, adding printing ink for the production of transfer printing paper. Polyurethane hot melt adhesive is mainly used for leather and polyvinyl acetate plastic gluing. Transfer printing due to the different fabrics to be printed, it is best to use the appropriate hot melt adhesive ink.
A transfer printing method features T-shirt style
(1) transfer printing pattern has a realistic flower pattern, detailed pattern, clear layers, three-dimensional sense of strong characteristics. Transfer printing can print natural scenery and artistic patterns.
(2) transfer printing equipment has a simple structure, small footprint, low investment, high economic efficiency. As the equipment is tension-free processing, suitable for a variety of thickness of the printing. In addition, transfer printing can be packaged and shipped without post-processing.
(3) Transfer printing does not have environmental pollution problems. Because of dry processing, no washing, steaming, drying and other processes, so there is no waste gas and waste water discharge.
(4) Transfer printing has the advantages of high production efficiency, labor saving and easy operation.
Transfer printing mechanism
Transfer printing is used for polyester fabrics. It is through the high temperature (200 ℃ or so) so that the dye heat sublimation for the gas phase cohesion in the polyester surface, and then to the fiber molecules in the amorphous area of infiltration, after cooling, fixed in the fiber internal printing method.
Three, transfer printing on the dye requirements
Transfer printing application of disperse dyes, rubber fenders, the sublimation temperature should be lower than the melting point of the fiber macromolecules of the marine airbags and does not damage the strength of the fabric as a matter of principle, the polyester is more suitable for the processing temperature of 180 - 210 ℃. In this temperature range, the molecular weight of the dye sublimation varieties are between 230 and 270. Molecular weight in this range of dispersed dyes rubber fender generally have three categories.
Fast-dyeing disperse dyes: the temperature at about 180 ℃ can sublimate the color, the temperature is raised, the color changes, mechanical properties, and the edge of the ooze will occur.
Good dispersion dyes: temperature in the range of 180 - 210 ℃ can sublimate the color. The color curve is flat. The influence of temperature is not big when dyeing, it is the more suitable disperse dye for transfer printing.
Late dyeing disperse dyestuffs: the dyestuffs can't sublimate and develop color well at 180-210℃. If you raise the temperature, you can get good color. This kind of dyestuff is more dependent on the temperature when dyeing.
Based on the above, the dyestuffs suitable for transfer printing should have the following conditions:
(1) The dyestuffs used for transfer printing must be fully sublimated and fixed on the fibers below 210℃, and can obtain good washing fastness and ironing fastness.
(2)The dyestuff of transfer printing can be fully sublimated into gas-phase dyestuff macromolecule after being heated, coalesce on the surface of the fabric, and diffuse to the inner part of the fiber.
(3) The affinity of the dyestuff used for transfer printing to the transfer paper should be small, and the affinity to the fabric should be large.
(4) The dyes for transfer printing should have bright and vivid colors.
Four, printed transfer paper ink
Transfer printing with transfer paper printing, most of the printing and screen printing process and equipment. The composition of the color ink has a dye, color carrier, binder and other components. The preparation of color ink is the above three components are mixed and poured into the colloid mill or three-roller grinder grinding, so that the dyes are evenly distributed in the color ink.
(I) color carrier The role of the color carrier is to evenly distribute the dyes in the ink, and the dyes from the printing equipment to transfer the material on the transfer paper. Color carrier should be inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable properties. According to this requirement, water is the most suitable. However, the transfer paper is composed of cellulose, elected to use water as a color-carrying agent will make the fibers swell, resulting in fine pattern deformation, and because of the slow evaporation of water, it is difficult to high-speed production. Such as the choice of organic solvents such as color carrier, although the deformation of the paper is small, rubber fender, color ink can be printed fine pattern, and have a suitable volatility, is conducive to the advantages of higher speed production. But there is a higher cost, and easy to burn the shortcomings. The use of strict attention. Can also use oil color carrier, such as high boiling point oil. But the high boiling point oil will make the dye to the depth of the transfer paper diffusion, thus affecting the rubber fender transfer paper on the amount of dye transferred to the fabric.
(ii) binder Binder is the substance that controls the viscosity of the color ink. Binder dosage is too little, rubber fender, can not guarantee the viscosity of the color ink, resulting in the printing of the transfer paper effect is not good, binder dosage is too large, so that the transfer of dyes from the transfer paper to the fabric of the transfer speed is slowed down, which results in the residue of dyes on the transfer of paper is too much. According to the use of different color carriers, binder should be selected separately. To water as a color carrier, rubber fender, commonly used synthetic rubber or carboxymethyl cellulose for the binder: when using organic solvents or oils as a color carrier can be ethyl cellulose for the binder.
Fifth, transfer printing on the transfer paper marine airbag requirements
Transfer printing printed transfer paper, the use of transfer paper should have the following characteristics:
(1) to have sufficient strength;
(2) to the affinity of the color ink to be small, but the transfer paper to the ink should be a good coverage;
(3) transfer paper should not be in the printing process. Deformation, brittle and yellowing.
(4) The transfer paper should have appropriate moisture absorption. Hygroscopicity is too poor will cause the color ink color; hygroscopicity is too large, and will cause deformation of the transfer paper. Therefore, the production of transfer paper to strictly control the filler. To use the paper industry's semi-filler is more appropriate.
Based on the above requirements, transfer paper should meet the following standards:
Moisture absorption 40-100g/?
Tear strength about 100kg/5x20cm
Breathability 500--2000l/min
Weight 60--70g/?
Ph value 4.5--5.5
Dirt not present
Transfer paper is preferably made from coniferous pulp. A 50/50 split between chemical and mechanical pulp is preferred. This ensures that the paper will not become brittle and yellow when treated at high temperatures.
Six, flower paper printing method
Flower paper printing is the color ink through the printing and screen printing method, the pattern will be printed on the transfer paper processing. Currently transfer printing paper, most of the printing method. Fancy paper printing method of intaglio printing method, letterpress printing method, lithographic printing method and screen printing method of four. Printing method of printing paper, intaglio printing is the most widely used. Screen printing method is suitable for small quantities, multiple varieties of transfer printing paper printing, and can be in the printing and dyeing plant to make their own paper. With low cost, fast, colorful, easy to operate. But the screen printing method due to the use of water-soluble ink, the pattern on the pattern of paper and outline of the three-dimensional sense of clarity is not good, the pattern is thicker, rubber fenders, play the characteristics of the transfer printing pattern.
By printing and dyeing process:
The dyes or paints in the fabric printed on a variety of methods, but the main methods are the following.
(1) direct printing: the various colors of the flower pattern printed directly on the fabric method of direct printing, in the printing process, rubber fenders, a variety of colors of the color paste does not impede and destructive effect. Printed fabrics in about 80% -90% of the use of this method. This method can print white boat fender flower and full boat fender flower pattern.
(2) pull-dyeing printing: dyed fabrics with the ground color with a paddle containing chemicals that can destroy the color of marine fenders printing, rubber fenders, such chemicals are called pull-dyeing agent. The rubber air bladder in the paddle can be filled with dyes that are resistant to chemicals. In this way, two kinds of effects can be obtained, i.e. white pulling and color pulling.
(3) anti-dyeing printing: first printed on the fabric to prevent dyes on the anti-dyeing agent, and then rolling dyeing ground color, printed pattern can prevent the ground color dyeing, the method that is anti-dyeing printing, the method can be obtained in three kinds of effects, namely, anti-white, color and part of the anti-dyeing
Flat Screen Printing
Flat Screen Printing manual table board type and semi-automatic flatbed, automatic plate three kinds, the flat screen printing, the flat screen printing is a good way to prevent dyestuff from being used. Although the flat screen printing output is low, but its plate is convenient, flower back to the length of the large, multi-color, can print fine patterns, and does not pass the color, the amount of printing paste, and with three-dimensional, suitable for silk, cotton, chemical fiber and other woven fabrics and knitted fabrics printing, more suitable for small quantities of high-grade fabrics of multiple varieties of printing.
A handmade flat screen printing
(a) equipment structure handmade flat screen printing machine plate mounted on a wooden or iron frame. The length and width of the plate with the processing of fabric varieties. Silk fabrics printing plate for rectangular, length to the horse length to calculate, rubber fender, the usual specifications are 32m, 48m, 64m several kinds. Width is generally 1.3 - 1.5m, height is generally 0.6 - 0.7m. Sheet printing rectangular and square, handkerchiefs and knitwear is based on a small piece of plate. The surface of the tabletop is covered with a layer of artificial leather with appropriate elasticity, and underneath it there is a layer of woolen blanket or double-sided thick and thin cotton velvet blanket. There is a heating device underneath the plate to prevent the color paste from overlapping when the front and back color frames are printed. The surface temperature of the plate is kept at about 45℃, which is called hot plate. There are positioning holes on both sides of the plate to fix the position of the frame to prevent misprints. And is equipped with a drainage tank, for the role of the sewage out of the rinse table after printing. Hot plate heat source is generally used steam pipe heating, rubber airbags with electric heating, but power consumption, and prone to accidents.
(2) the advantages and disadvantages of handmade flatbed printing handmade flatbed screen printing machine in addition to the advantages of flatbed screen printing mentioned above, due to the use of hot plate manual scraping, printing sets of unrestricted. And because of the long distance between each color frame printing, it is not easy to produce color matching. But because of the manual paste cloth, manual lifting and scraping, so labor-intensive, and easy to produce uneven scraping phenomenon.
Two, semi-automatic screen printing machine
(a) equipment and institutions Semi-automatic screen printing machine printing, is a manual paste cloth, automatic control of the mechanism of moving the screen frame and squeegee. To the pulp equipment is mostly automatic pulp, but there are also artificial pulp. Printing plate for the hot plate, due to the use of semi-automatic machinery, so the printing plate needs to be equipped with automatic printing at both ends of the steering device. If there is no steering table rubber airbags can be used to solve the problem of reversing.
Semi-automatic screen printing machine marine airbag screen frame rubber fender generally made of aluminum alloy. The screen frame is called the color frame or flower frame after the screen and plate making. The color frame is installed in the automatic printing device, automatic printing device control its movement, lifting and scraper marine airbag scraping.
The squeegee is a flat screen printing squeegee tool. Is made of synthetic rubber, hardness is generally Shaw's 48 +-2 degrees. Squeegee selection should be based on the thickness of the fabric, printing process, color paste performance and so on to choose.
The hardness of the squeegee, the shape of the blade and squeegee printing pressure is an important factor affecting the color paste through the network. And the permeability of the direct response to the rubber fender screen printing the amount of color size. Good mesh permeability, the amount of color is high, color is colorful, rubber fenders Various grades have good welding performance, but the clarity of the outline of the pattern is poor. Therefore, the use of the scraper to synthesize the various aspects of the marine airbag factors and production conditions to choose.
(II) semi-automatic screen printing machine advantages and disadvantages semi-automatic screen printing machine can print wide fabrics, but prone to side bubbles defects, properly adjusted squeegee pressure can be resolved.
Semi-automatic flat screen printing machine
(a) equipment structure Automatic flat screen printing machine is composed of the cloth and guide cloth device, frame and elevator, drying room and out of the cloth device consists of three parts. The structure of the equipment is shown in the figure:
1. Fabric feeding and guiding device The fabric feeding and guiding device consists of winding, fabric feeding and weft rectification and edge suction part. The cloth guide device is composed of seamless circulating rubber cloth guide belt and pulp feeder. It runs intermittently as the color frame is raised and lowered. The three-roller feeder below the belt can put the paste on the belt, so that the fabric can be flatly attached to the belt. After printing, the fabric enters the drying room, and the guide belt turns to the bottom, and washes out the residual paste and the color paste through the printing by the washing equipment.
2. Frame and lifting frame The frame is equipped with lifting frame for printing color frame and squeegee, positioning device and feeding equipment. Printing with automated electrical components to control the color frame down, tightly pressed on the fabric of the fabric guide belt. Squeegee for scraping, and then the color paste color frame rises, the guide belt to move to the specified distance, rubber fender, for the next cycle of marine airbag printing.
Positioning device is the flower parts, rubber fender, its sensitivity and accuracy is to ensure the quality of printing the key. Automatic flat screen printing machine is commonly used positioning device is photoelectric flower. Photoelectric flower is the use of photoelectric tube to control the electrical switch, so that the printing machine stop, accelerate and decelerate. Photoelectric counterpoise has the advantages of simple structure and fast stopping signal. In addition, the rubber fender, there are hydraulic drive on the clam and mechanical positioning on the flower and other methods.
(B) the advantages and disadvantages of automatic screen printing machine it has a low labor intensity, high production efficiency. However, if the use of cold plate, in the continuous printing prone to color defects.
Circular screen printing
Circular screen printing is the use of squeegees to make the color paste in the circular mesh under the pressure of the drive to print on the fabric up to a kind of printing method. Below is a screen printing machine
One of the screen printing mechanism
Circular screen printing machine is usually composed of four parts of the feeding device, printing head, drying device, drop cloth device. At present, the screen printing machine usually eight-color, twelve-color, sixteen-color, twenty-four-color and other kinds of screen printing machine. Printing machine flower back mainly 640mm and 904mm and so on two kinds. Among them, 640mm flower back of the circular screen printing machine most. Cylindrical screen printing machine with easy operation, rubber fenders, low labor intensity, high yield, suitable for a variety of fabrics printing, while it is suitable for many varieties of small quantities of fabrics printing.
(a) into the cloth device round net printing machine into the cloth device has a cloth car into the cloth and cloth roll into the cloth two kinds. Fabric roll into the fabric, can be swinging lead roller on the fabric roll pressure, relying on the lead roller rotation of the fabric into the printing device. When the fabric is fed into the printing device, the fabric moves forward with the circulating rubber track to complete the printing. The track is first coated with a thin layer of thermoplastic resin by the feed rollers, which can level the fabrics attached to the marine fenders. An infrared radiation heater is installed next to the feed roller to heat the resin on the track. The thermoplastic resin can be processed 20~1,000,000 meters of fabrics at a time. If you find the viscosity is not good, you can reapply a layer.
Circular screen printing
(2) printing device circular screen printing device includes circular screen, squeegee, feeding device and so on.
1. Mesh Mesh is the printing machine plate. Made of nickel metal, also known as nickel mesh, hexagonal mesh. Mesh mesh ends to be fixed with the muffler to prevent deformation of the mesh when printing, affecting the accuracy of the flower, can withstand the printing of the color paste and squeegee pressure. For the rubber fender to improve the elasticity of the round net, reduce the pressure to bear, the round net should be installed away from the center line of the support rollers, rubber fender general to deviate from the 16mm or so. Each round net machine base has a reading device, can show the pressure of the squeegee in all directions.
2. Squeegee The squeegee of the screen printing machine is installed in the center line of the screen on the squeegee frame. Squeegee rack is equipped with both the squeegee is equipped with a feed tube. Squeegee system using chrome, molybdenum, vanadium, steel alloy manufacturing, with a small coefficient of friction and can be adjusted at any angle. Printing, the scraper's mouth and the inner circle of the round net tangent, scraper to the color paste to exert pressure as the main, scraping as a complementary composite action.
Circular screen printing machine squeegee pressure and position can be adjusted to adapt to a variety of patterns and a variety of thick and thin color paste fabric printing.
3. Printing device Circled screen printing machine is an automatic pulp. Each screen is equipped with a feeding system. Supply of color paste, the plastic tube on the machine on one end of the sleeve in the metal feed tube, and the other rubber fender outside the machine end of the hose inserted into the color paste barrel, with a pump into the round net, by the electrode automatically control the height of the color paste liquid surface.
(C) drying and cloth device screen printing machine using loose hot air drying. After printing the outside that is separated from the rubber track, into the drying part, loose flat on the polyester mesh, the hot air drying cloth. The cloth is pulled by the motorized swing shaft and falls into the cloth car.
(D) Advantages and disadvantages of the circular screen printing machine circular screen printing machine with low labor intensity, high production efficiency, the advantages of strong adaptability to the fabric. Suitable for chemical fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics, thin and light fabric printing. Can obtain the flower lively, colorful effect, marine fenders, and can avoid the defects of color transfer. But by the limitations of the round network structure, printing fine lines when the effect is not very ideal.
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