Ineal Mongolia is located in the northern border of the motherland, from 126 degrees 29 minutes east longitude, north-west 97 degrees 10 minutes east longitude, is China's largest provincial administrative region across the longitude, east-west straight-line distance of more than 400 kilometers. South from 37°24′ north latitude, north to 53°23′ north latitude, longitudinal latitude 15°59′, a straight-line distance of 1700 kilometers.
The whole territory is dominated by the plateau, and most of the areas are above 1,000 meters above sea level, commonly known as the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The main mountain ranges are the Daxingan Mountains, Helan Mountains, Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains. The grasslands in the east are vast, and the deserts in the west are extensive.
North of Inner Mongolia is neighboring Mongolia and Russia. The area is 1.18 million square kilometers. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Zhao, Yan and other countries, then for China's northern minorities Xiongnu, East Hu land, Tang for the Turkic lands, Song belonged to Liao, Xixia, Qing for the Inner Mongolia region.
Expanded Information:
After the Yuan unified China, the western part of Inner Mongolia belonged to the Gansu Province, the eastern part to the Liaoyang Province, and the central part to the Zhongshu Province, the Lingbei Province. Its jurisdiction is now northern Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, southern Siberia.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the Northern Yuan retreated to the north of the desert and was later destroyed by Zhu Di. Later, Outer Mongolia was occupied by Tartary, Walar and Woodrugha, and the Ming withdrew to the south of the Hetao region.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, most of the Mongols in the southern part of the desert submitted to the Qing Dynasty, and then the Jungar aristocrat Galdan rose up against the Qing Dynasty, and after a number of military campaigns, the Qing Dynasty finally pacified the rebellion of a few Jungar aristocrats in 1776, and re-unified the Mongol region.
In 1947 the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established, encompassing the provinces of Chahar and Xing'an as well as parts of Ningxia, Jehol, Heilongjiang, and Suiyuan, and in 1949 the capital was moved to Zhangjiakou, then returned to the city of Qusui in '52 and renamed Hohhot.
The division of areas changed frequently during the decade from 1969 to 1979, and it was only on July 1, 1979, that the political division of the present Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was formed.
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