First, since the reform and opening up of Nanchang economic and social development of the great achievements
(a) the rapid development of the national economy, the overall strength of the significant enhancement
In the reform and opening up of 30 years of practice, the municipal party committee and the municipal government to lead the people of Nanchang has always been firmly grasp the center of the economic construction, and adhere to the development of the hard reason, the national economy to maintain a sustained, rapid, stable development. In 2007, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Nanchang amounted to 138.989 billion yuan, excluding the price factor, an increase of 29.5 times over 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 12.5%. in 2007, Nanchang only needed three and a half days to create the GDP of 1978, and the per capita GDP amounted to 30,460 yuan, an increase of 19.6 times over 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 11.0%, compared to the 1978 GDP. The annual GDP per capita reached 30,460 yuan at comparable prices, an increase of 19.6 times that of 1978. At the current exchange rate, per capita GDP has crossed the 4,000 U.S. dollars.
(B) economic structural adjustment has been remarkable
In the economic aggregate doubled, the economic strength of the significant enhancement at the same time, Nanchang economic structural adjustment has made remarkable achievements, the industrial structure continues to optimize. The pattern of the three industries was 29.3:49.2:21.5 "two, one, three" in 1978 at the beginning of reform and opening up, and changed to 6.2:54.3:39.5 "two, three, one" in 2007. Compared with 1978, the average annual growth rate of secondary industry was 13.4%, with the proportion rising 5.1 percentage points; the average annual growth rate of tertiary industry was 14.9%, with the proportion rising 18.0 percentage points. At the same time, Nanchang primary industry is on the road of modern agriculture and specialty agriculture, and the added value of the primary industry in 2007 was 8.34 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1 times compared with 1978.
The internal structure of industry is becoming more and more reasonable. The industrial structure has changed from "light and heavy" to the coordinated development of light and heavy industries. From 1979 to 2007, the gross output value of light industries increased by an average of 12.6% per year, and the gross output value of heavy industries increased by an average of 12.0% per year. The proportion of light and heavy industries changed from half each in 1978 to 54.3% and 45.7% respectively in 2007. The structure of agriculture has changed from "grain-oriented" to a new pattern of coordinated development of agriculture and economics, with the proportion of pure agriculture declining from 85.4% in 1978 to 39.9% in 2007, and the proportion of animal husbandry and fishery increasing from 11.8% and 1.4% to 33.7% and 23.2%, respectively.
The ownership structure has been steadily adjusted. Reform and opening up has revolutionized the state-owned economy in Nanchang, gradually eliminating the constraints of ownership on productive forces and creating a situation where the state-owned economy continues to grow, the private economy is rapidly emerging, and the foreign-funded economy is increasing. 1978, the proportion of the publicly-owned economy in Nanchang's GDP was more than 95%. By 2007, the proportion of public economy had dropped to 45.1%. The non-public economy plays an irreplaceable and positive role in Nanchang's economic development.
The county economy has distinctive characteristics. Nanchang County, Xinjian County and Qingshan Lake District have gradually built up into comprehensive strong counties based on industrialization and driven by both domestic demand and export-oriented economy. Donghu District and Xihu District as the old city, consumer goods market share of Nanchang City, more than half, is to further strengthen the Nanchang City, "business center" status. Qingyunpu District, building economy, tourism economy and logistics cluster rapid development, will become the commercial sub-center of Nanchang. Jinxian County, Anyi County and Wanli District, convenient transportation, rich in natural resources, has become Nanchang City, characteristics of agriculture, ecological agriculture base. High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Economic and Technological Development Zone, two state-level development zones have become the industrial base of Nanchang City. High-tech Industrial Development Zone has formed the pillar industries of electronic information, optical mechatronics, biomedicine and new materials. The Economic and Technological Development Zone has formed air-conditioning, paper, automobile, electronic information and other supporting industries. Honggutan New District, taking advantage of the landscape, has been initially built to administrative offices and residences as the main, integrated culture, business, tourism and leisure as one of the new urban areas. Sanghai Economic and Technological Development Zone pharmaceutical industry base is taking shape. Heroes Economic Development Zone is to leisure and vacation, science and technology demonstration, biotechnology, ecological agriculture as one of the modern industrial park development.
(C) the people's material and cultural living standards comprehensively improved
Nanchang urban and rural residents, income increased significantly, savings rose year after year, life from subsistence across the well-off, is moving towards affluence. 2007 Nanchang urban residents per capita disposable income reached 13,076 yuan, an increase of 37.6 times more than in 1980; the rural residents of the annual per capita net income of 5034 yuan, 39.9 times more than in 1978, an increase of 39.9 times. In 2007, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Nanchang reached 13,076 yuan, an increase of 37.6 times over 1980; the annual per capita net income of rural residents reached 5,034 yuan, up 39.9 times over 1978. The increase in income has led to a sustained increase in household assets, and by the end of 2007, the balance of urban and rural residents' savings deposits had reached 74.457 billion yuan, and the amount of per capita savings deposits had risen from 29 yuan in 1978 to 16,000 yuan.
Consumption expenditures by households have risen sharply; in 2007, the annual per capita consumption expenditures of urban residents amounted to RMB 10,064, an increase of 26.2 times over 1981; and the per capita consumption expenditures of rural residents amounted to RMB 2,972, an increase of 26.5 times over 1978. The structure of consumption has changed markedly, and the level and quality of durable consumer goods owned by households has continued to improve; at the end of 2007, every 100 urban households owned 145 color TVs, 102 refrigerators, 115.33 air-conditioners, 51.33 computers and 87 telephones. Every 100 rural households had 110 color TVs, 45 refrigerators, 25 air conditioners, 40 motorcycles and 72 telephones.
The living environment of the residents is getting better and better, and the quality of life is improving. Engel's coefficient (i.e., food consumption expenditure accounted for the proportion of household consumption expenditure) of the reduction of urban and rural residents is an important symbol of the improvement of the material standard of living. 1980 Nanchang urban and rural residents of the family Engel's system were 59.6%, 63.0% in 2007 has dropped to 39.9%, 50.2%, respectively, a drop of 19.7 percentage points and 12.8 percentage points. the end of 2007 At the end of 2007, the per capita living space for urban residents had risen from 4.88 square meters in 1980 to 27.27 square meters in 2007; the per capita living space for rural residents had also risen from 7 square meters in 1978 to 42.32 square meters in 2007; and the number of health technicians per 10,000 people had risen from 0.6 in 1978 to 51 in 2007, while the number of health care workers per 10,000 people had risen from 0.6 to 51. Social security has developed rapidly, forming a social security system with pension insurance, unemployment insurance and medical insurance as its main components.
(D) financial and financial growing
With the continuous expansion of the economy, Nanchang City, the rapid growth of financial revenue. 2007, Nanchang City, the total financial revenue of 19.061 billion yuan, an increase of 76.2 times compared with 1978, an average annual growth rate of 16.1%. Among them, the general budget revenue reached 8.722 billion yuan, an increase of 33.2 times over 1978, with an average annual increase of 13.0%. The number of counties and districts with total revenue exceeding 1 billion yuan has reached 6. The quality of income has been improving, and the proportion of tax income in total fiscal income has increased from 79.2% in 1978 to 91.7%. The rapid development of financial services, deposit and loan balances climbed rapidly. 2007, the end of the bank balance of deposits reached 176.322 billion yuan, the balance of loans reached 174.233 billion yuan, while the bank balance of deposits and loans in 1978 was only 275 million yuan and 992 million yuan.
(E) rapid development of industry, economic efficiency increased significantly
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang industry from the independent self-development of the closed system, and gradually move towards a market economy, to achieve leapfrog development. Has initially formed the automobile, air conditioning, medicine and other ten products manufacturing base, optoelectronics, new materials, communications equipment and other high-tech industries are also rapidly rising, in the ascendant. 2007, the city's industrial added value of 53.275 billion yuan, accounting for 38.3% of the regional gross domestic product (GDP), of which more than the size of the added value of the industry 40.315 billion yuan, accounting for the GDP ratio accounted for 29.0%. The number of above-scale industrial enterprises reached 939, realizing total industrial output value of 127.180 billion yuan, 68.5 times higher than that of 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 15.8%. The output of major industrial products has increased substantially. Compared with 1978, steel increased 40.2 times in 2007, with an average annual growth rate of 13.7%; automobiles increased 70.4 times, with an average annual growth rate of 15.9%; power generation increased 4.6 times, with an average annual growth rate of 6.1%; cigarettes increased 3.1 times, with an average annual growth rate of 5.0%; and cement increased 50.7 times, with an average annual growth rate of 14.6%.
The economic efficiency of industrial enterprises has been greatly improved. 2007, the energy consumption of Nanchang's GDP of 10,000 yuan output value was 0.955 tons of standard coal per 10,000 yuan, which was lower than the national average level. The product sales rate of industrial enterprises above large scale reached 98.2%, the comprehensive index of economic efficiency was 223.28, realizing profits of 5.323 billion yuan and taxes of 7.446 billion yuan.
(F) unprecedented expansion of the scale of investment, investment structure continues to optimize
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang will expand the effective input as an important means to promote economic restructuring, upgrade the level of industry, improve competitiveness, and enhance the development of vitality, with a focus on increasing investment in basic industries, infrastructure and key productive projects, transportation, postal and telecommunication services, energy, raw materials and other "In 2007, Nanchang completed the investment in fixed assets of 81.989 billion yuan, an increase of 670.5 times than 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 25.2%, of which 53.154 billion yuan was invested by non-state-owned investment, accounting for 64.8% of the total social investment. The proportion of non-state investment reached 64.8%, 60 percentage points higher than the 4.8% in 1978; fixed-asset investment above the towns completed 77.412 billion yuan, of which non-state investment reached 49.544 billion yuan, accounting for 64.0% of the proportion of investment above the towns; among the non-state investment, foreign investment, as well as investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, amounted to 11.559 billion yuan, and individual investment was 1.120 billion yuan; the ratio of investment in the three industries has been adjusted to 0.1%. The ratio of investment in the three industries has been adjusted to 0.1:39.6:60.3.
(VII) Fruitful Investment
In 2007, the total import and export of Nanchang reached 3.195 billion U.S. dollars, of which, the total export reached 2.336 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 197 times over 1980. All-round, multi-disciplinary and multi-level investment attraction adds new vitality to Nanchang's economic development. Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang has been optimizing the investment environment and improving the public ****service system, which has made Nanchang a hotspot for the transfer of international and eastern coastal developed industries. 2,886 contracted projects of utilizing foreign investment have been signed in Nanchang in the past 30 years, with a contracted foreign investment of 7.976 billion U.S. dollars and an actual utilized foreign investment of 6.015 billion U.S. dollars. The proportion of foreign-invested enterprises in the main economic indicators of Nanchang has been increasing year by year, and foreign-invested enterprises have become the main force to promote the rapid development of Nanchang's economy. 2007, among the industrial output value above the scale, the foreign-invested enterprises completed 26.438 billion yuan, accounting for 20.8% of the city's total output value, and among the investment in fixed assets, the foreign-invested enterprises and the investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan accounted for 14.9%. In 2007, Nanchang received 89,100 overseas tourists, an increase of 14.8 times over 1983, and realized a foreign exchange income of 25.55 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 172 times over 1983.
The city's tourism industry has been developing rapidly.
(VIII) City looks new, infrastructure gradually improved
After the reform and opening up, especially into the new century, Nanchang City, around the construction of a modern civilized garden hero city and a modern regional economic center of the city of the "two articles", and continue to strengthen the city's infrastructure investment, a large number of transport, communications, energy, municipal and public facilities, and the city of Nanchang. A large number of transportation, communication, energy, municipal and environmental projects have been built and put into use one after another, so that the carrying function of Nanchang has been significantly enhanced. The highway has formed a "5-hour economic circle" with Nanchang as the center and 5-hour access to the surrounding provincial capitals. The urban and rural road network is well connected, realizing the village highway.
The functional layout of the city has been optimized. The old city, the new city, the expansion area, the ecological zone planning and construction go hand in hand, pulling open the Nanchang "two sides of the river, the twin city embracing the river" of the urban framework; the construction of the Nanchang Bridge, the new Bayi Bridge, Shengmai Bridge, the Ring Road Expressway, "eight lakes and two rivers," such as the transformation of the beautification of a large number of key urban infrastructure projects. A large number of key urban infrastructure projects. A new Nanchang integrating historical city, landscape city and modern new city has already appeared. Only during the fifteen years, Nanchang completed the urban public **** infrastructure investment of 17.843 billion yuan, an increase of 16.8 times over the Ninth Five-Year Plan period; in 2007, Nanchang's urban public **** infrastructure investment reached 10.645 billion yuan, accounting for the proportion of the whole society's investment in the 13.0%; the total length of the road from the 261 kilometers in 1980 to the 917 kilometers in 2007; the total road area from the 1980 2.08 million square meters. The total length of roads increased from 261 kilometers in 1980 to 917 kilometers in 2007; the total area of roads increased from 2,080,000 square meters in 1980 to 16,960,000 square meters in 2007; the number of urban bridges increased from 24 in 1980 to 133 in 2007. The city's three-dimensional transportation road framework of three rings and eleven shoots was basically formed. The city street lights increased from 5357 in 1980 to 45763 in 2007; the rapid development of post and telecommunications, in 2007, Nanchang City, the total capacity of 2.21 million telephone exchanges, mobile communications exchange capacity of 4.13 million, the total amount of postal and telecommunications business from 4.69 million yuan in 1978 to 437,184,000 yuan in 2007; the city's comprehensive service functions continue to strengthen, the daily production capacity of tap water reached 1.41 million yuan. The daily production capacity of tap water reached 1.41 million cubic meters, the daily supply of piped gas reached 206,000 cubic meters, and the number of public **** cars increased from 246 in 1980 to 2448 in 2007.
In 2007, the park area of Nanchang has reached 736 hectares, with 1712 hectares of public **** green space, the urban greening coverage rate has reached 40.4%, and the per capita public **** green space area is 8.08 square meters.
Second, the reform and opening up since the economic and social development of Nanchang revelations
(a) the implementation of the party's basic line is the economic and social sustained, rapid development of the fundamental reasons
1978 coincides with the founding of the new China for more than 50 years since the division of the roughly the same length of the two time periods, the two time periods of economic and social development achievements are huge differences in differences between the reasons are very many. There are many reasons for this difference, which can be analyzed from different perspectives, but the fundamental reason is that over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has comprehensively, correctly and actively implemented the Party's basic line at the primary stage of socialism. Practice has shown that the reason why China has been able to maintain social and political stability and rapid economic development is that it has adhered to the correct line of "one center, two basic points". The reform of the system, the establishment of a socialist market economy, play the fundamental position of the market in the allocation of resources has greatly emancipated and developed the productive forces, for economic and social development has injected inexhaustible power.
Adhering to the correct line of "one center, two fundamentals" has brought vitality to Nanchang. Through the supporting implementation of the central institutional reform measures, the economic and social operation and management system has been continuously improved, the government's effectiveness has been continuously improved, and the market mechanism and the government's management mechanism have been effectively fused; through the opening up to the outside world, various factors of production have been introduced; through the various factors in the allocation of resources in the socialist market, the market and the government's management mechanism have been effectively fused. Through opening up to the outside world, various factors of production are introduced; the efficiency of various factors is improved in the market competition; the non-public economy is created from scratch; high-tech industrial clusters are established; and the modern service industry system with local characteristics and Gan culture is established, Nanchang gradually establishes a brand-new support system for the rapid economic and social development with full of vigor.
(2) Benefiting the people provides endless power for economic development
People are the most revolutionary determinants of productive forces, people are the creators of history, the fundamental purpose of socialist economic and social development is to constantly improve the people's material and cultural standard of living, the reform and opening up has greatly improved the comprehensive national power, and provided the material basis for constantly improving the people's standard of living, which has proved that when more and more people are living in Nanchang, the people's economic and social development has become more and more important. Practice has proved that when more people can enjoy the fruits of reform and opening up, when the people can get more benefits, people can consciously and wholeheartedly devote themselves to economic construction, so as to provide endless power for the continuous deepening of reform and opening up.
30 years since the reform and opening up, Nanchang, the vast majority of people through honest labor to obtain a huge real-world benefits, urban and rural residents living standards have increased significantly, the city's people into the great practice of economic construction of the enthusiasm continues to increase. In the future, we still need to continue to adhere to the people-oriented, put the interests of the people in the first place, in the formulation of guidelines and policies to give more consideration to benefit the people, so as to give greater play to the great power of the people.
(C) increase investment for the economic takeoff to provide adequate protection
Reform and opening up, especially in the past 10 years, Nanchang economic and technological inputs accelerated increase in large inputs produced large outputs, the economic takeoff power base to obtain adequate protection. Objectively speaking, the city is still an investment-driven economy, the input increase in economic growth will still play a leading role. Fixed asset investment, for example, since 1978, Nanchang's investment growth continues to accelerate, the scale of investment continues to jump to a new level, 1978 Nanchang social fixed asset investment of only 120 million yuan; 1995 breakthrough 5 billion yuan; less than 8 billion yuan in 2000; more than 50 billion yuan in 2005, completed in 2007 81.989 billion yuan.
Huge investment has played a decisive role in changing the face of Nanchang, the rapid expansion of Nanchang city scale, the living environment of the residents, the city has undergone fundamental changes, the level of the city's major facilities jumped up to a new level, which effectively changed the city's investment environment, and provided a good external environment for domestic and foreign investors to Nanchang entrepreneurial development. The living conditions of the residents have also been greatly improved in the rapid development of real estate industry. In agriculture, water conservancy construction focusing on the management of large rivers and gates and reservoirs and the increase of effective irrigation area has been carried out, which has ensured the stable development of agriculture. Industrial investment has been the main component of investment, with more than 30 billion yuan invested in Nanchang's industry in 2007. By increasing investment, Nanchang industrial economy continues to transform and optimize, new industries adapted to market demand are rapidly emerging, a number of industrial parks stand out, and become an important engine of Nanchang's economic development.
(D) Building a modern manufacturing base is the basic driving force behind Nanchang's accelerated development
At the beginning of the reform and opening up, Nanchang's industrial economy was based on a weak foundation, the overall technological level was backward, and there were fewer pillar industries, and the total scale of the industry was relatively small, so the industry was a constraint on the rapid development of the overall economy of Nanchang.
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang has been growing industry as a breakthrough to accelerate economic development to pay attention to, especially into the new century, Nanchang comprehensive implementation of the strategy of industrialization, the industrial economy has been rapid development. 2007 Nanchang industry on the GDP growth of the pulling effect of the day prominent, in 2007, industry accounted for the proportion of the GDP of 38.3%, the first in all sectors. Accelerating the process of building a modern manufacturing base, vigorously developing the park economy, bigger and stronger pillar industries is the basic way to realize the rise of Nanchang in the middle of the country.
(E) Efforts to develop modern service industry is the key strategy to enhance the comprehensive strength of Nanchang
Since the reform and opening up, the service industry of Nanchang has been developing rapidly, and the average annual growth rate of Nanchang's service industry reached 14.9% in 1978-2007, and the added value of the service industry in 2007 amounted to 54.9 billion yuan. The internal structure of the service industry has also undergone a great change. With the continuous acceleration of the reform and opening-up process and the rapid development and expansion of the emerging industries, the proportion of the traditional industries has been gradually reduced and the proportion of the emerging industries has been rapidly rising. Nanchang service industry has not only become an important pillar of economic growth, but also played an important role in optimizing industrial structure, solving employment pressure and improving people's life.
(6) Vigorously developing the non-public economy adds unlimited vitality to the overall economy
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang's non-public economy has gradually supported half of the economic and social development, and the non-public economy has added unlimited vitality to the development of Nanchang. 613,700 people were employed in the city's private economy in 2007, and 154,200 people were employed in the city's private economy, and 154,200 people were employed in the shareholding and cooperative system, and in the foreign business, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment and other economic units. In 2007, the number of employed persons in the city's individual private economy was 613,700, and the number of employed persons in other economic units such as joint-stock cooperative system, foreign investment and investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan amounted to 154,200, and the non-public economy became the main body of Nanchang's employment; in 2007, there were 939 industries above the size of Nanchang, among which there were 340 private enterprises with non-public economy, and there were 134 enterprises with foreign investment and investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In the wholesale and retail market, except for a small number of commodities such as petroleum products, the sale of which is mainly undertaken by the public economy, the rest is dominated by the non-public economy; in the field of investment, the proportion of private investment accounted for 49.2% in 2007; in the field of service industry, the data of the economic census of 2004 showed that, among the legal entities in the service industry of Nanchang, there are 426 state-owned and collective entities, which account for 22.8% of the total number of service units, and 22.8% of the total number of privately-owned entities. The total number of 22.8%, private, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign entrepreneurs, accounting for 77.2%, another 92,600 service industry self-employed households.
It has been proved that under the condition of market economy at the primary stage of socialism, non-public economy is an indispensable part of the overall economic system, and non-public economy is close to the market demand, develops and grows in competition, and brings infinite vitality to economic and social development, and the competitive development of non-public economy in the coastal developed economic regions is a clear evidence. Nanchang should seize the opportunity to vigorously develop the non-public economy, maximize the collection of social factors of production, accelerate economic development.
(VII) Increase opening up to the outside world is an important way to accelerate development
Opening up to the outside world, expanding import and export business, and increasing the introduction of domestic and foreign capital is an important way to accelerate economic development.
By opening up to the outside world, the introduction of capital, technology, management concepts, talents and other factors of production, greatly accelerating the development of Nanchang to modernization, the status of export-oriented economy has been pivotal and indispensable. Nanchang must continue to emancipate the mind, through various ways to improve their own quality, to increase the attraction of opening up to the outside world.