2. Sub-financing lease: the lessor leases the equipment from another financing leasing company and then sublets it to the lessee for use. The second lessor can profit by playing the role of financial leasing broker without using its own funds, and can share the tax benefits of the country where the first lessor is located, thus reducing the financing cost. Sub-financing leasing mostly occurs in transnational financing leasing business.
3. Sale-leaseback financing lease: generally referred to as leaseback, the equipment user first sells his equipment to the financial leasing company (lessor), and then the leasing company rents the equipment to the original equipment user (lessee) for use. factory
Through leaseback, merchants can meet their needs to improve their financial situation (balance sheet) and revitalize their existing assets, and can share the benefits brought by the government's preferential investment tax reduction policy with financial leasing companies at a lower rent.
Get the right to continue using the equipment. In this way, the owner of property (equipment) can turn materialized capital into monetary capital without affecting his continued use of property.
4. Leveraged financial leasing: The operating mode of leveraged financial leasing abroad is very complicated, involving many parties, generally including lessee, manufacturer, owner lessor, owner trustee, creditor and broker. The financial leasing company (lessor) only bears a small part of the equipment cost, generally 20-40%.
As "leverage", most of them are provided by financial institutions such as banks or syndicates. The lessor shall transfer the ownership of the lease item, the security beneficiary right of the financial lease contract, the insurance beneficiary right of the lease item and the income right of the financial lease contract.
Transfer or mortgage to the lender, the lender has no recourse against the lessor. Most of the financial leasing objects are large-scale equipment with particularly high acquisition cost, such as airplanes, ships and satellites.
5. Entrusted financial leasing: One way is that the owner of funds or equipment entrusts a non-bank financial institution to engage in financial leasing, and the first lessor is also the principal and the second lessor is also the trustee. The second way is that the lessor entrusts the lessee or a third party to purchase the lease item, and the lessor pays the purchase price according to the contract. Also known as entrusted purchase of financial lease.
6. Project financing lease: The lessee signs a project financing lease contract with the lessor based on the property and interests of the project itself. The lessor has no recourse to the lessee's property and income other than the project, and the rent can only be paid by
Cash flow and benefit of the project. In this way, the seller promotes products and expands market share through his own holding leasing company. This method can be used for communication equipment, large medical equipment, transportation equipment and even the right to operate highways.
7. Sales-oriented leasing: The manufacturer or circulation department promotes its products by financing leasing through its own leasing company or holding company. Relying on the parent company, these leasing companies can provide customers with various services such as repair and maintenance. The seller and the lessor are actually a family, but they belong to two independent legal persons. In this kind of sales lease, the leasing company, as an intermediary of financing, trade and credit, independently bears the risk of rent recovery. Through comprehensive or specialized leasing companies to adopt the way of financial leasing and cooperate with manufacturers to promote products, the occurrence of accounts receivable and triangular debts of manufacturers can be reduced, which is conducive to dispersing bank risks and promoting commodity circulation.
8. Withdrawal financing lease: also known as income percentage financing lease. For projects with long return period but stable cash flow and certain monopoly, we can try to adopt the financial leasing method of income right guarantee and cost sharing. The rent of this kind of financing lease is not fixed, but determined by the lessee's profitability. Usually, the lessee pays a certain rent to the lessor first, and the rent balance is extracted according to a certain proportion of the lessee's operating income. The specific proportion can be flexible and changeable, which is determined by the lessee and lessor according to the actual production situation.
9. Risk financing lease: A lease transaction in which the lessor leases the equipment to the lessee in the form of lease creditor's rights and investment, in order to obtain the rental and shareholder's equity income as the return on investment. In this kind of transaction, the rent is still the main return of the lessor, generally accounting for 50% of the total investment; Secondly, the equipment residual value income, generally not more than 25%, these two benefits are relatively safe and reliable. The rest shall purchase the common equity of the lessee at a set price within a certain period agreed by both parties. This commercial form has opened up new investment channels for high-tech and high-risk industries. The lessor leases the equipment to the lessee and obtains the shareholders' rights and interests corresponding to the equipment cost. In fact, it is a new form of financial leasing with part of the lessee's shareholders' rights and interests as the lessor's rent. At the same time, the lessor, as a shareholder, can participate in the management decision of the lessee, which increases its influence on the lessee. In practice, a general financial leasing company buys equipment at 60% of the equipment price, forms an operation management center together with the lessee, participates in all major decisions, and retains 20-30% of the income right of the project after recovering the principal. In fact, venture financing lease is an innovative performance of venture capital in financial leasing business. It has something in common with the withdrawal financing lease (percentage of income financing lease), but it is not exactly the same. The difference is that there is a qualitative change in venture financing lease: creditor's rights are transformed into equity, and correspondingly, borrowed capital is transformed into equity capital.
10. Structured participation in financial leasing: it consists of three stages: capital injection, lease return and return. Among them, the capital injection mode in the capital injection stage is the same as that in the conventional financial leasing; The leaseback stage is to distribute the cash flow of the project between the lessor and the lessee according to a certain proportion, for example, 70% is distributed to the lessor for leaseback and 30% is kept by the lessee. The payback stage means that after the lease cost is completely reduced, the lessor enjoys a certain number of years of capital return, and the rate of return is extracted according to the proportion of cash flow. At the end of the payback period, the ownership of the leased property is transferred from the lessor to the lessee, and the whole project financing lease is over. Structured participation in financial leasing is similar to the well-known BOT mode.
1 1. Bundled financial lease: also known as Sansan financial lease. 33. Financial leasing means that the lessee's down payment (deposit) is not less than 30% of the price of the leased object, and the payment received by the manufacturer when delivering the equipment is insufficient, generally around 30%, and the balance is paid in installments within half of the lease period, while the financing intensity of the leasing company is almost 30%. In this way, the manufacturer, the lessor and the lessee each bear certain risks, and fate and interests are "tied" together, changing the previous situation that all risks were borne by the lessor alone.
Regarding the concept of financial lease, we can understand it as a lease that transfers all or most of the risks and rewards related to asset ownership, and asset ownership may or may not be transferred in the end.
Legal basis:
Article 735 of the Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) is a financial lease contract in which the lessor purchases the lease item from the seller according to the lessee's choice of the seller and the lease item, and provides it to the lessee for use, and the lessee pays the rent.
Article 736 of the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC) generally includes the name, quantity, specification, technical performance, inspection method, lease term, rent composition, payment term, currency and ownership of the lease item at the expiration of the lease term. The financial lease contract shall be in written form.
Article 737 of the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that the financial lease contract concluded by the parties in the form of fictitious lease item is invalid.
Article 738 of the Civil Code of People's Republic of China (PRC) According to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, if the lessor does not obtain the administrative license to operate and use the leased property, the validity of the financial lease contract will not be affected.