How to properly deal with the recovery of waste batteries gathered, has become many places need to be solved
a difficult problem. Yixian Donghua Xinxin waste battery recycling treatment plant construction, marking the difficult
The problem has found a solution to the road.
By the University of Science and Technology Beijing and Hebei Yixian *** with the investment of Donghua Xinxin waste battery regeneration treatment
factory, located in the west of Yixian City, will be completed and put into operation in June this year. Waste battery regeneration treatment plant using
the technology, from the 1980s on the treatment of waste batteries began to tackle the Beijing
University of Science and Technology Professor Zeng Pingrong. The waste battery treatment technology developed by Prof. Zeng is different from Japan
's "wet method" and even more different from Switzerland's "fire method", which is not a combined fire-wet method. Its process flow
procedure: physical decomposition - chemical purification - wastewater treatment, and ultimately can be recovered iron, zinc, copper
copper needles and other materials, and through the electrolysis process to obtain high-quality zinc, manganese products, but also can be recovered from the mercury
and iron red and other by-products. Waste battery treatment of the most critical technical challenge is not to cause secondary pollution,
The use of Professor Zeng's technology after the treatment of wastewater can meet national environmental standards, and can be recycled
Use, basically no discharge of wastewater.
According to the investment in the plant Dulanzhu factory director, the plant's total investment of 7.8 million yuan, the current office
building has been built, plant and equipment installation can be completed in May, plans to go into operation at the end of June, the treatment plant
designed to deal with 3,000 tons of waste batteries per year. He currently has two concerns: one is afraid that after the machine is up and running
, the supply of raw materials for waste batteries can not keep up; the second is that the investment calculation of the treatment plant is based on the use of waste batteries recovered without
reimbursement, if the recycling of the reimbursement, the enterprise will be difficult to be able to have a benefit. Therefore,
To make the waste battery recycling treatment plant operate smoothly, we need the support of the whole society, and we need the majority of environmental protection
volunteers to continue to promote the recycling of waste batteries as a public service.
Background: waste batteries
With the rapid development of China's social economy, a variety of electrical appliances, communication equipment, small household appliances
massive emergence of the use of batteries has increased dramatically. In recent years, China's battery industry is developing particularly rapidly,
the annual output of batteries reached 14 billion, accounting for one-third of the world's total output, the types of batteries up to 14
series of 250 varieties. Most of the dry batteries produced in China are for domestic consumption, and only Beijing consumes 200 million dry batteries annually
.
Waste dry cell batteries contain a large number of heavy metals, acids, alkalis and other substances, domestically produced dry cell batteries
Most of them also contain mercury, which is a serious environmental hazard. Due to the toxicity, accumulation and easy migration of mercury
transformation, once into the ecosystem, the harm caused by the long-term, and intergenerational
transfer. When used batteries are discarded or mixed with garbage, these toxic substances slowly
spill out of the batteries into the soil and water, and finally into the human body. These toxic
substances in the human body will accumulate for a long time, it is difficult to exclude, damage to the nervous system, hematopoietic function, kidneys
and bone organs, and some are also able to cause cancer. Some data show that a 5 waste dry cell batteries, can be polluted
stained 1 square meters of land within the biological; waste dry cell batteries generated by mercury pollution, accounting for the entire municipal solid
mercury pollution of body wastes 60% to 80%.
On the other hand, these environmentally and humanly harmful heavy metals in the waste dry batteries, but also more
rare industrial raw materials. In recent years, China's annual consumption of zinc for the production of dry batteries about 120,000
tons, manganese dioxide about 200,000 tons, about 20,000 tons of copper. In some developed countries, there have been corresponding
recycling, treatment policy and production entities, and gradually formed a kind of environmental protection industry. China's waste batteries
The treatment of research began in the 1980s, and has been a production test, processing technology has matured.
II. Waste battery hazards: (1) on the environment, a small button battery can pollute 600 cubic meters of water, equivalent to a person's lifetime of drinking water; a dry cell can pollute 12 cubic meters of water, a cubic meter of soil, and cause permanent public nuisance ...... (2) on human beings: the ordinary dry cell batteries used in our daily life, there are mainly acidic zinc-manganese batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, they all contain mercury, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc and other heavy metal substances. After the waste batteries are discarded, the shell of the batteries will slowly corrode, and the heavy metal substances in them will gradually seep into the water and soil, causing pollution. The most important feature of heavy metal pollution is that it cannot be degraded in nature and can only migrate. That is to say, once the water or soil is polluted, the water or soil can not lead its own purification effect will be eliminated, but also in the heavy metals are easy to accumulate in the organism, so with the passage of time, and amicable to a certain amount of time, after the production of teratogenic or mutagenic effects, and ultimately lead to the death of organisms. Heavy metals on the human body to produce harm another way is through the food chain transmission. Fish, shrimp eat plankton containing heavy metals, heavy metals in the fish, shrimp body accumulation, people then eat such fish, shrimp, heavy metals will accumulate in the human body, after reaching a certain amount, will have a serious impact on the human body. In addition to the Minamata disease caused by mercury pollution, there are other:
Excessive accumulation of manganese in the body can cause neurological dysfunction, the early manifestation of a comprehensive functional disorders, the more serious appear monotonous speech, expression of dullness, feelings of indifference, accompanied by mental symptoms.
Long-term consumption of cadmium-contaminated water and food can lead to bone pain, cadmium into the human body, causing bone softening bone deformation, the formation of serious natural fractures, resulting in death.
Zinc salts can make protein precipitation, skin and mucous membranes have an irritating effect, when the concentration in the water more than 10-50 mg / liter into the risk of cancer, can cause chemical pneumonia.
Lead mainly in the nervous system, hematopoietic system, digestive system, and liver, kidney and other organs, can inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of hemoglobin, but also directly on mature red blood cells, infants, young children a great deal, it will lead to children's physical development is delayed, the chronic lead in the pigmented children with low intelligence. Nickel powder dissolved in the blood, to participate in the internal circulation, there is a strong toxicity, can damage the central nervous system, cause vascular degeneration, serious cases lead to cancer.
The current situation of waste battery recycling: Although 8-year-old elementary school students in Beijing have begun to know that waste batteries can not be thrown away. They will use their little hands to throw a section of old batteries into a special recycling box. The act of sorting and recycling used batteries is spreading in shopping malls and offices in Beijing, and a new battery recycling box will now be added next to the previous garbage cans. The number of used batteries collected is increasing rapidly, and Beijing has already collected nearly 100 tons of used batteries in the first half of this year. But these batteries are in an awkward situation, piling up without proper disposal. Currently, Beijing's used batteries are eventually transported to the Beijing Useful Waste Recycling Center. The center is a subsidiary of the Beijing Municipal Management Committee and is responsible for recycling and transferring waste. The recycling center is also worried about the destination of the used batteries. Lu Jianguo, head of the business section, said that the recycling center began in April 1998 to recycle waste batteries in Beijing, and the amount of recycling that year was 7 tons, last year's recycling amounted to nearly 40 tons, and so far **** collection of more than 100 tons. Most of these waste batteries are still piled up in the recycling center of the container, the future collection of waste batteries can also only be stored here waiting for treatment, because there is no specialized battery treatment plant for their scientific and harmless recovery.
Waste batteries for the anxious not only in Beijing, the collection of waste batteries across the country in the region are experiencing problems. Recently, the relevant departments in Shanghai jointly held a special meeting on the prevention of pollution from waste batteries, with experts actively contributing ideas. But the last feasible program is still only has been recycled waste batteries properly stored, waiting for the city's hazardous waste landfill site is completed and then safely landfilled. Nanning City, Guangxi Province, to carry out "environmental protection action into the family" series of activities, has collected a considerable number of waste batteries. In order to recycle the batteries, Nanning Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau solicited waste battery treatment technology through the Internet. Two months have passed and no exciting news has been heard. A self-employed person in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, understood the harm of dry batteries to the environment and collected more than 20 tons of waste batteries at her own expense. A few days ago she published an open letter in the China Environment News, spitting out the bitter water, they can not find a final destination for these 20 tons of waste batteries will not pollute the environment. From the enthusiasm of environmental protection to calm down people suddenly realized that the treatment of waste batteries is even more difficult than recycling!
Recycling methods: laboratory recycling methods: ordinary dry cell batteries are cylindrical, the outer cylinder made of zinc, this zinc cylinder that is the negative pole of the battery; cylinder central charcoal stick for the positive pole; cylinder for manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride. The following two kinds of waste dry battery material recycling methods:
(1) extraction of ammonium chloride: the black material in the battery in the water stirring and filtration, part of the filtrate in the evaporation dish evaporation, white solid, and then heated, the use of "sublimation" to collect the purer ammonium chloride.
(2) the production of zinc particles: the zinc cylinder on the zinc sheet cut into pieces, placed in a crucible strong heat (zinc melting point of 419 degrees), after melting, carefully pour the zinc page into the cold water, get zinc particles.
Industrial recycling methods: the international prevailing waste battery treatment are roughly three kinds: curing deep burial, stored in waste mine, recycling.
1. curing buried, stored in the waste mine
such as a factory in France to extract nickel and cadmium, and then nickel for steelmaking, cadmium is re-used in the production of batteries. The rest of the various types of waste batteries are generally transported to specialized toxic, hazardous landfills, but this practice is not only too costly and wasteful, because there are still a lot of useful substances can be used as raw materials.
2. Recycling
(1) heat treatment
Switzerland has two factories specializing in the processing and use of old batteries, Barticle company adopted the method of old batteries are ground up, and then sent to the furnace heated, which can be extracted volatile mercury, higher temperatures when the zinc is also evaporated, and it is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. The thermal treatment method is more expensive, however, and Switzerland also mandates a small fee per battery buyer dedicated to the processing of used batteries.
(2) "wet processing"
Magdeburg suburbs are building a "wet processing" device, where all types of batteries in addition to lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then with the help of ionic resins from the solution to extract a variety of metals, raw materials obtained in this way are more expensive than those obtained by the use of ionic resins. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than those obtained by thermal treatment and are therefore sold at a higher price on the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the batteries can be extracted. Wet treatment eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). The Magdeburg unit, which has a processing capacity of 7,500 tons per year, costs slightly more than landfill methods, but valuable raw materials are not discarded and do not pollute the environment.
(3) vacuum heat treatment method
Germany Alter developed the vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the waste batteries in the nickel-cadmium batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials ground, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. This processing of one ton of waste batteries costs less than DM 1,500.
Prospects: IV. Prospects
Now, people's awareness of environmental protection has improved greatly, for example, Beijing, Shanghai and other cities have been placed in the waste battery drop-off special barrels. I believe that in the near future, the problem of waste battery recycling will certainly be well solved.
Three. Waste battery recycling technology (please refer to)
1, UPS and large-capacity maintenance-free lead-acid battery regeneration and protection of supplemental liquid
2, in addition to the material lead-acid batteries
3, treatment of metal-containing waste
4, from the waste battery to remove and recycle the method of mercury
5, the extraction of zinc and manganese dioxide from the waste of dry batteries Method
6, method of recovering anode materials from waste lithium batteries
7, method of recovering metals from waste lithium ion batteries
8, method of extracting manganese dioxide and zinc from waste zinc-manganese dry cell batteries
9, method and equipment for obtaining enriched substances from waste storage batteries
10, method and equipment for separating batteries, button batteries and Metals
11, method of recovering metals from used nickel-metal hydride batteries
12, method of recovering metals from used nickel-metal hydride batteries 2
13, method of reusing secondary batteries
14, device for treating waste batteries
15, method of harmless biologic Pretreatment method
16, comprehensive utilization of waste batteries
17, waste dry batteries recycling method
18, waste dry batteries harmless recycling process
19, waste batteries treatment method
20, waste batteries recycling and processing machine
21, waste batteries recycling decomposition head
22 Vacuum distillation device for recycling of waste batteries
23, method of lead recycling of waste batteries
24, waste battery pyrolysis gasification incineration treatment equipment and its treatment method
25, comprehensive utilization of waste batteries and treatment process
26, alkaline leaching of waste dry cell batteries
27, waste dry cell batteries recycling and treatment device
28, waste dry cell batteries recycling and treatment device
29, waste battery recycling and treatment device
28, waste cell phone batteries comprehensive recycling treatment process
29, waste battery lead clean recycling method
30, waste battery lead clean recycling technology
31, waste lead-acid batteries production of recycled lead, reddish and lead nitrate
32, waste lead batteries recycling lead technology
33, waste lead batteries Reduction of slag conversion method 34, waste lead storage battery melting regeneration furnace
35, waste battery lead-containing materials reflector continuous melting
36, waste battery lead-containing materials reflector continuous melting method
37, cadmium-nickel battery waste slag waste liquid management and utilization
38, mercury-containing waste batteries comprehensive recycling method
39, chemical power battery raw materials and recycling technology
40, recycling batteries, especially dry batteries
41, recycling of sealed battery parts of the method and equipment
42, metal - air battery waste recycling device
43, leaching method of recycling dry batteries
44, purification treatment Waste batteries or mercury-containing sludge compositions and their treatment methods
45, garbage waste batteries and heavy metal sorting device
46, lithium battery industrial waste gas treatment in the recovery process of N-methyl pyrrolidone
47, lithium-ion secondary battery cathode edges and residue recycling method
48, nickel-cadmium waste batteries, comprehensive recycling method
48, nickel-cadmium waste battery recycling method p>
49, nickel-metal hydride secondary battery positive and negative electrode residue recycling method
50, lead-acid battery regeneration source and production method
51, lead-acid battery failure of regeneration technology
52, removal of sulfate in the plate of the waste lead battery
53, the regeneration method of the negative electrode of the failed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery alloy powder
54, cement clinker calcination treatment of waste dry battery technology method
55, battery waste plate regeneration polysexual agent and treatment process
56, battery desulfurizer regeneration method
57, a method of recovering lead from waste batteries
58, a waste dry battery crushing device
59, a battery desulfurizer regeneration method
59, a battery desulfurizer Regeneration method
60, method of producing sewage treatment agent from waste batteries
61, method of producing active lead powder from waste battery sludge
62, method of separating and recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries with ion sieve
63, device and method for nickel and cadmium recovery
64, recovery of lead from waste batteries in a neutral medium with Electrolytic reduction recovery of lead in waste batteries method
65, since the waste zinc manganese dry batteries in the recovery of manganese sulfate, manganese dioxide, graphite, reuse graphite electrodes and its special equipment
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