A What are the main objects of psychological counseling
The objects of psychological counseling, mainly refers to the mental health of people and mental health is poor but no mental disorder.
Adaptation to Adolescence
This period is characterized by rapid physical development, the shape and structure of the body has tended to adults, but psychological immaturity. They want to be self-reliant, demand independent thinking, like to judge and criticize, and have increased interest in the opposite sex, but their standards and values for evaluating right and wrong and a stable personality have not yet been formed. Therefore, in the real environment, dealing with the problem is often biased, and once encountered difficulties,
It is easy to produce a frustrating situation, disheartened, devastated, and unable to see the light in the difficulties, see hope. This kind of psychological barrier due to the imbalance of physical and mental development is a normal psychological phenomenon, and the problem will be gradually solved with the passage of time through the gradual self-balancing and regulation.
If there is no correct cognitive evaluation of these problems, the imbalance of physical and mental development, social maladjustment and other aspects of the problem is not properly resolved, it is easy to lead to a variety of psychological abnormalities. Adolescents tend to have problems with self-consciousness, psychosexual relationships with the family and socialization.
Marriage and family
Young people's relationships and adults' marriage and family problems are more common. This problem has a high chance of causing psychological disorders, and its nature is more complex, related to biological, psychological and social factors, and thus the process of dealing with it is relatively complex. For example, a secondary school teacher, decent, successful career, whether to treat colleagues, students are very enthusiastic, therefore, others have difficulties are willing to find him help.
In contrast, his wife is less educated and behaves more rudely. According to me is the parents arranged. Recently, he worked with a female colleague in the laboratory to conduct experiments, and the two cooperated very well.
Life, career setbacks
Everyone has a lot of beautiful fantasies about the future, expectations and hopes, in order to realize them, will make all kinds of efforts, in the process of efforts to be hindered by all kinds of pressure, had to stop efforts, is to encounter setbacks. If the setback lasts a long time, the scope of influence is large, so that it is in an unfavorable position in life, it is called in adversity.
It can be seen that adversity is the continuation of frustration and a sense of failure caused by a work, life and psychological difficulties. Therefore, to overcome adversity, the first thing to do is to overcome the frustration and improve the psychological ability to start.
(1) The conditions that should be met by suitable counseling clients include extended reading
The relationship between counseling and psychotherapy
Regarding the relationship between counseling and psychotherapy, Chen Zhonggeng believes that there is no intrinsic difference between the two, and that both are similar in terms of the nature of the relationship, in terms of the process of change and learning, and in terms of the theory of guidance. are similar. If there is a difference, it is artificial and non-essential [1].
First, the tasks of the work are different. The task of counseling is mainly to promote growth, emphasizing the developmental model, helping visitors to achieve their maximum potential, eliminating roadblocks to normal development, focusing on prevention. And psychotherapy is mostly to make up for the damage already formed in the patient's past, to solve and change the development of structural barriers.
Second, the object and scenario is different. Psychological counseling follows the pattern of education, the visitors are mostly normal objects, mainly involved in daily life problems, generally in schools, units, psychological counseling agencies and other scenarios. The object of psychotherapy is a patient with psychological abnormalities, which is carried out in clinical and medical situations.
Third, the way of work is different. Counseling applies more ways to intervene in the visitor's life environment, such as participation in his immediate environment, contact with the visitor's family, relatives and friends, the application of more daily life facilities (such as telephone counseling, etc.), the design and organization of learning classes and a variety of group activities. The form of psychotherapy, on the other hand, is more in the form of paired sessions.
Fourth, the nature and content of the problem are different. Psychological counseling has the nature of reality-oriented, involves the consciousness of the problem, such as career choice, training and education, life and work guidance, learning counseling, etc., so more cognitive and theoretical approach. Psychotherapy deals with inner personality issues and deals more with the unconscious.
II Conditions to be met by elderly counseling clients
For the counselor, there is no age difference but only cases in his eyes.
Three What qualities do you need to do business management consulting
With the continuous development of the market, more and more companies have discovered the importance of positioning consulting, began to seek the cooperation and assistance of positioning consulting firms. The biggest task of the positioning consulting company is to help enterprises to establish their own strategic positioning. Many enterprise decision makers have some misinterpretation of strategic positioning, such as some of the enterprise's development goals, business indicators as a strategic direction, some will be confused with the marketing positioning and strategic positioning and so on. This contributes to the enterprise decision makers to choose positioning consulting firms for the implementation of the strategic positioning of the enterprise. Today, the market is full of positioning consulting firms, the strength of experience to be examined, the choice of positioning consulting firms also need to conduct some exploration. So, what capabilities should an excellent positioning consulting firm have?
First of all, the excellent positioning consulting company should have a solid theoretical knowledge base at the same time, with a wealth of practical experience. Practice is the only standard to test the truth. Only with theoretical knowledge, but not put into practice, the positioning of the consulting company is easy to fall into the arena of the paper. Rich practical experience can improve the implementation of corporate strategic positioning efficiency, but also in a timely manner to avoid some of the risks in the market.
Secondly, the excellent positioning consulting firm should be good at making strategic positioning program landing. Strategic positioning is to make the enterprise's products, image, brand, etc. in the minds of prospective consumers to occupy a favorable position, is a favorable choice for the development of the enterprise, so the strategic positioning is not just a theory, but also must be landing. Landing, that is, from the brand awareness, sales growth and other aspects of the success of the strategic positioning program can be clearly perceived.
In addition, the excellent positioning consulting firm there is a particularly important point of attention, that is, must have a deep understanding of the particularities of the Chinese enterprises, understanding of the particularities of the Chinese market, understanding of the contemporary, then a series of policies. All programs that are not constructed on a practical basis are empty dreams. Excellent positioning consulting firms only in line with the current actual situation on the basis of Chinese enterprises, according to the Chinese market specificity, to provide strategic positioning program, to guide the implementation of strategic positioning program, especially emphasizing the strategic positioning of the landing, in order to provide enterprises with deep, valuable positioning consulting services.
Of course, the excellent positioning consulting firm should also have some other characteristics, such as satisfactory service, rigorous and serious attitude, etc., mentioned in this article is only excellent positioning consulting firms should have some of the content, for different positioning consulting firms, their focus is generally different. Therefore, the enterprise in the choice of positioning consulting company cooperation should also do the corresponding research work.
Four psychological counselors should have the conditions include
No matter what profession is engaged in the need to have certain conditions, the counselor is particularly important, because psychological counseling is a special industry to help people, the need for counselors have requirements. Generally speaking, in addition to the most basic professional knowledge, professional qualifications, etc., counselors should also have the following conditions:
(a) Character
The core of character is the value system. The key to the value system is the value of life. Counselors should have the character: to be a respect for life, love of life, to be a person who is conducive to society and others.
(2) The ability of self-repair and perception
"To do a good job, one must first make good use of his or her tools". Counseling is a special job, and the only tool a counselor can use is precisely himself or herself, so the counselor's self-growth and improvement is crucial.
1, the counselor will also encounter a variety of life problems, psychological contradictions and conflicts. The difference is that the counselor is willing and able to clearly recognize their own problems, and through personal cultivation or professional self-experience, strive to solve their own psychological contradictions and conflicts, so that in the process of consulting to maintain a relative psychological balance, do not interfere with the work of consulting due to personal problems.
2, the counselor in the consulting process may be able to seek help to produce empathy, such as some of the people have a good feeling, there is a cause of human aversion, at this time, the counselor should be timely awareness, and to adjust the state, not because of their own problems and affect the work of the consulting.
3, often in a state of psychological conflict and can not self-balance people, is not capable of psychological counseling work. In a sense, the counselor is the vent or trash can of the patient's emotional and psychological problems, and the capacity of the trash can is limited, so the counselor needs to have the ability to deal with these negative thoughts and emotions, and to repair themselves on a regular basis.
(C) Good at accommodating others
People who come for counseling often have ideas that are not allowed by society, and if they are normal people, they may just take a critical attitude, but as a counselor, we must uphold the principle of understanding, and even if the values of the visitor are very different from ours, we should try to create a safe and free counseling atmosphere for him.
(D) Have a strong sense of responsibility
It takes a lot of courage for a visitor to choose to show the darkest side of his heart to the counselor, so the counselor must be responsible for the visitor, and must not add to his symptoms by his own inappropriate words or actions. If you can't help a client because your ability is really limited, you should refer him or her to a counselor in a timely manner.
(E) Self-knowledge
Self-knowledge is the ability to evaluate the value of one's own existence, which is often associated with a sense of self-fulfillment.
As a new profession in China, if counselors can integrate social development and personal fulfillment, it will be more conducive to their own development and more in line with our culture.
V What is suitable for a counselor to have which several sufficient conditions
Counselor is to help the seeker to dissolve their inner emotions. Psychological counseling is the most general, the most important object is the health of the population or the existence of psychological problems in the population or in order to relieve psychological confusion and pain, personality deviation of the visitors, therefore, they themselves should be mental health, good personality qualities.
The higher the psychological health of the counselor, the better the personality quality, the greater the help they can provide in the consultative relationship. On the other hand, if the counselor himself is not healthy, there are unfavorable psychological counseling work personality qualities, then their distorted mind and eccentric personality may cause the failure of psychological counseling, and even induce some psychological disorders of the inquirer.
(a) Counselor qualification
According to the national vocational qualification counselor training and identification work of the unified requirements, has been or is ready to engage in the counselor career, should be after special vocational training, access to the national issued by the counselor of the People's Republic of China "Chinese People's Republic of China and the State Vocational Qualification Certificate" before engaging in the corresponding psychological counseling activities. In China, the Ministry of Labor in April 2001 officially launched the "National Occupational Standards for Psychological Counselors (Trial)" In July 2002, the national vocational qualification program for psychological counselors was officially launched, the national unified appraisal examination is held twice a year, respectively, in May and November.
The new standard psychological counselor occupational level are: psychological counselor three, psychological counselor two.
2016 version of the latest counselor application standard conditions:
(a) with one of the following conditions can be declared three counselor examination:
1, with the specialty or related professional university college degree or above graduation certificate;
2, to obtain the non-specialty or related professional university college degree or above graduation certificate, by the Counselor III Formal training up to the required standard number of hours, and obtain a certificate of completion of training;
3, after obtaining the certificate of graduation of secondary vocational colleges and universities in this or related majors, and have been engaged in the work of this occupation for more than 10 years;
4, the students who are in the school of junior college or above are allowed to participate in the third level of vocational skills appraisal in the second half semester of the third year, and see the professional comparison table for the occupation of the test (Annex 6) --Education, Medicine, Psychology, and Prison Studies all majors. Students of other non-related majors are required to attend training for a certain number of hours and obtain a certificate of completion before they can apply for the examination.
(2) Those who have one of the following conditions can declare for the Second Level Counselor Examination:
1. Those who have a doctoral degree diploma in this or related majors;
2. Those who have been engaged in the work of the profession for more than 3 years after obtaining a master's degree diploma in this or related majors;
3. Those who have been engaged in the work of the profession for more than 8 years after obtaining a junior college degree or above in this or related majors; and Engaged in the work of this occupation for more than 8 years;
4, after obtaining the third-level vocational qualification certificate of this occupation, engaged in the work of this occupation for 5 years;
5, with the title of psychology intermediate or above.
The use of the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security organization of psychological counseling personnel "National Occupational Standards" and "National Occupational Qualification Training Tutorial", you can buy a book on the Internet to self-study or Zhongpeng psychological counseling guidance to master the study, the qualification certificate of the psychological counselor.
(B) the counselor should have a healthy psychology
The psychological health of the counselor is mainly manifested in the following force face:
l. Positive and healthy attitude
Mentally healthy people's attitude of life is positive, their personality is full of progressive, optimistic, positive attitude of life. Counselors should have a positive and optimistic attitude in their own lives and bring this positive and optimistic attitude to their counseling work
2. Stable Emotional State
Mentally healthy people have a high tolerance for setbacks, and are able to appropriately release their own emotions and keep their emotions relatively stable. Counselors should be able to better mediate their own emotions, to maintain emotional stability in psychological counseling work. Only in this way can they keep their minds calm and clear, and objectively analyze the problem.
3. No obvious psychological barriers
Psychological counselors in the process of their growth, will also encounter setbacks, but when they become a psychological counselor, they should have been through their own efforts to overcome their own psychological problems, to achieve a relatively healthy state.
(C) the counselor's excellent personality qualities
The American counselor Rogers proposed that counselors should have the following four qualities:
(1) unconditional respect, (2) consistency, (3) sincerity, (4) feelings into
In the actual counseling, the counselor has to have the following qualities:
1. calm, sharp and flexible
2. warm and generous, understanding
3. sincere feelings 4. strong will.
VI The conditions that a suitable help-seeker should have include ().A. Personality
The conditions that a suitable help-seeker should have include (A, B, C, D).
A. Normal intelligence
B. Suitable age
C. Normal personality
D. Correct motivation
Ans
Generally speaking, a suitable help-seeker should have the following conditions: (1) Normal intelligence; (2) Suitable age; (3) Suitable content; (4) Normal personality; (5) Correct motivation; (6) High level of trust; (7) Good match; (8) Consciousness of action. action consciously; ⑧ good match.
VII suitable for obtaining a counselor certificate of the object of what
1, management (public **** management related professional), education (pedagogy, educational technology, pre-school education, special education, social sports, etc.), the right to psychology (psychology, applied psychology) disciplines of the relevant professionals;
2, the school's Young Pioneers counselor, cadres, mental health counseling teachers and classroom teachers.
3, youth social welfare institutions, juvenile correctional system staff;
4, for the community engaged in psychological counseling, psychological disease treatment of psychologists;
5, has participated in the psychological counselor training, and would like to participate in further psychological counseling of adolescents in the
6, hope that the training to prevent and solve the child's psychological problems parents;
7, students in teacher training colleges and universities;
8, the state civil affairs, women's federation, the judiciary, etc. engaged in the coordination of the relationship between the other psychological workers.
In short, before taking the counselor's license, you may want to see if you have the potential to be a counselor, or think about whether you really need to take the license. Once you've made up your mind, you can put your heart and soul into getting your counselor's license.
VIII suitable to receive psychological counseling should have the conditions, including
First of all, there should be a strong desire to help, consciously want to solve the problem
To actively cooperate with the counselor
Willing to open up to the counselor
IX qualified to visit the object of how to have what requirements
May I ask you want to consult the object of what visit so that we can know what his
The first thing is that the counselor will not be able to help you. What is the subject of the visit so that you can know what his specific requirements? What are you trying to access? Specifically do not know what you want to ask? About which aspect? So it is not good to answer you
Ten suitable to receive psychological counseling seekers should have the conditions
A strong self-balancing ability, in the face of a variety of visitors, the first thing you have to be able to pull yourself out of the encounter with their belongings, rather than being led by the nose by them. Second, there is an open and cheerful outlook on life, psychological counseling is a kind of self-help process, if the counselor does not have a correct outlook on life, there is no healthy, sound personality, no optimism, is unable to infect and guide the helpers to re-tree the correct concept of life, to change the wrong perception and behavior. A good educational foundation and skillful counseling skills, which is the most basic, four more stable emotional feelings, can not always be disturbed by the outside world, so that your visitors will also be misled by you bad. Thank you, my answer is finished, it is best to give a plus point oh!