2, bullwhip effect: the information flow in the supply chain from the final customer to the original supplier side of the transmission, due to the inability to effectively realize the information **** enjoyment, making the information distortion and gradually amplified, resulting in the demand for information to appear more and more big fluctuations.
Supply chain integration design diagram
Supply chain control mapping (SCCM)
Based on the supply chain succession design diagram, on which the "control points" and "control methods" are labeled.
The four main methods of supply chain control: testing and commissioning, process control, regular/irregular audits, remedial repair
Process control: approval control (AP), cyclic count (CC), full inventory (PI), reconciliation (RC), data mining (DM)
Sample of Supply Chain Mapping:
Fifth, reverse supply chain design
Macro Reverse and Micro Reverse
Macro Reverse: is the reverse supply chain driven by customers from the customer's point of view, including: returns, returns, and other customer-driven.
Micro-reverse: is the standpoint of the supply chain, all with the positive supply chain flow of the opposite action is attributed to the micro-reverse
Even further to all need to use reverse thinking supply chain design is attributed to the micro-reverse.
Sixth, the supply chain design of the anti-dumbing method --- "zero one principle"
Anti-dumbing method: preventive correction of behavioral constraints, the use of avoidance of the production of errors in the restriction of the method, so that we do not need to spend attention, but also do not need to experience and professional knowledge can be completed the correct operation.
Chapter 3, how to reduce the bullwhip effect --- two points have always been, the combination of push and pull
Bullwhip effect: bullwhip effect refers to the supply chain information flow from the final customer to the original supplier to pass, due to the inability to effectively real-time information **** enjoyment, so that the information is distorted and gradually amplified, resulting in demand for information on the emergence of more and more large fluctuations.
Causes of the bullwhip effect: multiple demand forecasts; mass production/ordering, price fluctuations and promotions, out-of-stock/rationing
1. Realize information ****sharing
Three types of CPFR architectures: ****sharing system architecture, centralized system architecture, and distributed system architecture
2. Reduce price changes
3. Push-pull Combination
Push: Manufacturer-initiated push
Pull: Consumer pull
How to choose push or pull
? Pull is better suited for responsive supply chains, while push is better suited for economical supply chains?
? In the case of cost allows, can pull as far as possible pull, pull can not be only test push
Section III, push and pull supply chain design
The length of the supply chain depends on the length of the supply side and the sales side,
The structure of the supply chain depends on the design of the push and pull structure
Short pull and long push mode
Push and pull equilibrium point
Push and pull imbalance <
Pull Mode
Section 4: "Delay Strategy" in the Supply Chain of -----
1. Production Delay
2. Logistics Delay
The strategic management of the supply chain does not focus on the products and services provided by the enterprise to the customer itself, but on the competitive advantage that the enterprise adds to its customers. to the enterprise to increase the competitive advantage, but the product or service enterprise and the entire supply chain within the movement of the process of the market value created by the enterprise to increase the competitive advantage of the enterprise.
The Double Gold Model of Supply Chain Strategy
Section II: Customers, Channels, Demand, Supply ------ None of the above
The four basic elements of supply chain planning: customer value, channel characteristics, demand characteristics, and supply characteristics
Zero-level channels, also known as direct channels, are a type of channel structure that does not have a channel intermediary involved.
Channel width: intensive distribution channels, selective distribution channels, exclusive distribution channels
Functional products, innovative products
Demand characteristics: the speed of innovation
Supply characteristics
Section III, supply chain strategy matching - classic and innovative
Efficiency supply chain: the strategic goal of the supply chain is to minimize costs. minimization
Market-responsive supply chain: the strategic goal of the supply chain is to make a quick and flexible impact on changes in customer demand.
Risk-*** sharing supply chain: The strategic goal of a supply chain is to integrate and **** share resources in the supply chain and **** share the risk of supply chain disruption.
An agile supply chain: The strategic goal of a supply chain is to respond quickly and flexibly to changes in customer demand, while minimizing the risk of supply shortages and disruptions through inventory and integration of resources.
Douglas's theory of strategic supply chain matching
Demand classification: random demand, cyclical (periodical) demand, seasonal demand, growth demand, horizontal demand
BTP, BTS, BTO, CTO, DTO
BTP/MTP: Make to Plan, also known as Make to Plan, which produces based on planned Sales volume for production
BTS/MTS: production according to inventory, also known as manufacturing according to inventory, according to the realization of the design of the inventory level arrangements for manufacturing
BTO/MTO: production according to order, also known as manufacturing according to order, according to the customer's actual order to start production, before this, no or only a small amount of general-purpose parts prepared for the components inventory, only when the customer After the order is placed, only according to the number of customer orders to arrange for manufacturing.
CTO/ATO: Configuration to order, also known as assembly to order, according to the customer's actual order for assembly, before this, ready to prepare most of the parts and semi-finished products, when the customer order is issued, according to the customer's order quantity requirements to arrange for assembly.
DTO: Design and Manufacture to Order. According to the customer's actual order to start the design and manufacturing. Prior to this, basically do not prepare any inventory, and even the clear design of the product has not been determined, when the customer order is placed, according to the customer's actual needs for product design and manufacturing.
3, composite supply chain strategy matching model
composite supply chain four supply chain strategy model: single supply chain, broom supply chain, funnel supply chain, segmentation / integrated supply chain
1, 3-year weighted compound revenue growth rate
2, inventory turnover
3, 3-year weighted compound return on assets
Section II, lean supply chain management model ---- eat well, digest quickly, convert well
High growth, high turnover, high earnings
Section I, the command of the operation plan in whose hands
SO&P: that is, sales and operations planning process. If we divide the end-to-end supply chain into two parts, the sales side and the operations side
Section II, *** Knowledge Forecasting and Planning Process
Every innovation produces the achievement of a great enterprise: Toyota's just-in-time, Dell's direct sales, ZARA's extreme speed, Amazon's smart logistics, UPS's supply chain finance
1, unrestricted level
2, reaction level
3, standard level
4, advanced level
5, proactive level
How big the platform, influence control depends on three aspects: the maturity of the enterprise sop, the level of synergy between the various departments of the enterprise, the level of collaboration in the supply chain
Section III, forecasting: rational and perceptual thinking
p>Section I, out of the inventory management of the five major misconceptions
Inventory management of the five major misconceptions
Inventory management is warehouse management
Inventory is the "devil", "zero inventory" is the most perfect
Inventory Inventory management is a "numbers game"
On the ERP can solve the inventory problem
Inventory turnover rate the higher the better
Section II, inventory management of the "console" and "Bible "
Inventory of the four modules
Inventory planning, materials management, process control, financial control
Inventory management of the first core ------ volume value 3V
Section III? How Much Inventory is Reasonable
1. Classic Inventory Models
Single-Period Inventory Model
Multi-Period Inventory Model
2. Issues to Note in Selecting a Model
Inventory Decision Making,
Concepts of Safety Stock and Cyclical Inventory
First, establish a demand forecast. Operations Management
Purchase lead time is fixed.
VAT
Visibility Visualization
Accurary Accuracy
Traceability Traceability
This can be done through two phases with four means (process testing, inventory, data matching, auditing)
The operational phase of the supply chain, the means required ( Inventory, data matching, audit)
Cost, time, quality, technology, service, innovation and flexibility
Category management, category sourcing strategy
Category management is the core of procurement and supply chain management
1, category category definition
Industry standards, the formation of the internal classification standard
2, the category sourcing Analysis of the current situation and problems
3, the technical analysis of the category
4, the supply market analysis of the category
5, the category purchasing power analysis
6, the supply of the category positioning
strategic, bottlenecks, leverage, daily
daily projects and non-critical projects
7, the category Strategy and task decomposition
8, the category team's organizational structure and work
Category team: the development and implementation of category strategy must be cross-departmental *** with the crystallization of wisdom.
Procurement management four performance indicators: QCDS quality (quality), cost (cost), delivery (delivery), service (service)
1, price analysis 2, bidding? 3、Internet / electronic catalog procurement? 4, reverse auction? 5、Price benchmarking analysis
Define cost elements, obtain cost data, establish cost models, tracking and adjusting the cost model
The current level of supplier profit, industry profit level, industry profit level + incentives, fixed unit of product profit, fixed total profit, weighted product elements
1, delay strategy to reduce the product's differentiation
p> 2, involve suppliers early in product development (ESI)
3, adopt CTO (total cost of ownership) accounting
4, implement value engineering/value analysis
5, cultivate supply resources through reverse marketing
6, effective strategic purchasing alliances
Avoiding risky purchases
1, with customers Discuss cooperation
2, discuss cooperation with suppliers
3, internal processes and communication
Risky procurement processes include risk assessment, risk decision-making, risk planning
Perfect order fulfillment rate: on-time % x on-quantity % x composite quality % x documented completely =? Perfect Order Fulfillment Rate %
Section 1: It doesn't matter if you lose money, it's the cash flow break that kills you
Section 2: Supply Chain Finance Tools
Supply Chain Finance Financing Methods: Receivable Financing, Inventory Financing, Advance Payment Financing
Supply Chain Finance--New Finance in the New Economy
Supply Chain Finance
Supply Chain for Logistics
Logistics Supply Chain Solution:
Money is the blood of the enterprise, healthy management of capital flow not only for the enterprise to guard the lifeline, but also for the development of the enterprise to provide sufficient power.
1, the design of the capital flow and for the maintenance of the supply chain is feared to be the "three streams of management" in the most important task
2, money will not let a business collapse, but no cash will
3, the cycle of funds there is a time difference
4, the funds of the receipt and payment of time to value-added
4, the time of receipt and payment of funds will increase the value of the cycle of several parts: DIO, DIO, DIO, DIO, DIO, DIO, DIO, DIO. Several parts of the cycle: DIO, DSO, DPO
5, turnover days: CCC
6, what is meant by supply chain finance: around the supply chain in the real transaction, through the third party for the transaction of the link to inject funds, and to provide risk control, logistics management, information management and other related services, so as to drive the transaction of the physical flow, information flow, capital flow of the three streams of cyclic value-added and efficiency enhancement of comprehensive services. The company also provides a comprehensive service to enhance the efficiency and value of the physical, information, and capital flows in the transaction.
7, the supply chain of three financing methods; accounts receivable financing, inventory financing, prepayment financing, strategic relationship financing
8, in the field of commodities, who controls the supply chain, who controls the pricing power.
The first from bottlenecks to non-bottlenecks
The second from non-bottlenecks to bottlenecks
The third combination or merger of bottlenecks and non-bottlenecks generated
The fourth bottlenecks and non-bottlenecks outputs are supplied to their respective independent markets