Advanced equipment and manufacturing technology (for thesis)

Numerical control technology and equipment development trend and countermeasures thesis Abstract: briefly introduced today's world trends in the development of numerical control technology and equipment and China's numerical control equipment technology development and industrialization of the status quo, on the basis of which discusses in China's accession to the WTO and the opening up to the outside world further deepening of the new environment, the development of our country's numerical control technology and equipment, and improve China's manufacturing industry informationization level and international competitiveness of the importance of. And from the strategic and tactical level put forward the development of China's CNC technology and equipment of several points of view. The technical level and modernization of the equipment industry determines the level and modernization of the entire national economy, CNC technology and equipment is the development of new high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and its industries, biotechnology and its industries, aviation, aerospace and other national defense industries) of the enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said that "the difference between the various economic times, not in the production of what, but in how to produce, with what means of labor production". Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic means of production of human production activities, and CNC technology is the most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment is the core technology. Today, the world's manufacturing industry widely used CNC technology to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the dynamic and changing market adaptability and competitiveness. In addition, the world's industrialized countries will be CNC technology and CNC equipment as a national strategic goods, not only to take significant measures to develop their own CNC technology and its industry, but also in the "high-precision and sharp" CNC key technologies and equipment for our country to implement embargoes and restrictive policies. In short, vigorously develop CNC technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the world's developed countries to accelerate economic development, improve the comprehensive national strength and national status of the important way. CNC technology is the use of digital information on mechanical movement and work process control technology, CNC equipment is the new technology represented by CNC technology on behalf of the traditional manufacturing industry and the new manufacturing industry penetration of the formation of mechatronics products, that is, the so-called digitalization of the equipment, the technical scope of its coverage of many areas: (1) machinery manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology and so on. 1 The development trend of numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology not only to the traditional manufacturing industry has brought revolutionary changes, so that the manufacturing industry has become a symbol of industrialization, and with the continuous development of numerical control technology and the expansion of the field of application, he is on the national economy and people's livelihood of a number of important industries (IT, automotive, light industry, medical, etc.) of the development of the role of more and more important, because of the digitalization of the equipment required by these industries has been a modern The development of the general trend. From the world's current trends in the development of CNC technology and its equipment, its main research hotspots in the following areas [1 to 4]. 1.1 high-speed, high-precision machining technology and equipment, the new trend of efficiency, quality is the main body of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-precision machining technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. For this reason, Japan's Advanced Technology Research Institute will be listed as one of the five major modern manufacturing technology, the International Production Engineering Society (CIRP) will be identified as one of the central research direction of the 21st century. In the field of car industry, the annual output of 300,000 units of production beat is 40 seconds / vehicle, and multi-species processing is one of the key issues that must be resolved car equipment; in the field of aviation and aerospace industry, the processing of parts and components are mostly thin-walled and thin tendons, stiffness is very poor, the material for the aluminum or aluminum alloy, only in the case of high cutting speeds and cutting force is very small in order to be able to process these tendons and walls. Recently, the use of large whole aluminum alloy billet "hollowing" method to manufacture wings, fuselage and other large parts to replace multiple parts through a large number of rivets, screws and other joints assembled, so that the strength, stiffness and reliability of the components have been improved. All these put forward the high-speed, high-precision and highly flexible requirements for processing equipment. From the EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center feed speed up to 80m/min, or even higher, empty running speed up to about 100m/min. At present, many automobile factories in the world, including China's Shanghai General Motors, has been used to high-speed machining centers composed of production lines to partially replace the combination of machine tools. The United States CINCINNATI HyperMach machine tool feed speed up to 60m/min, fast 100m/min, acceleration up to 2g, the spindle speed has reached 60 000r/min. Processing of a thin-walled aircraft parts, only 30min, and the same parts in the general high-speed milling machine processing needs 3h, in the ordinary milling machine processing needs 8h; Germany DMG The company's dual spindle lathe spindle speed and acceleration were up to 12 *!000r / mm and 1g. In terms of machining accuracy, over the past 10 years, the general level of CNC machine tool machining accuracy has been increased from 10μm to 5μm, precision machining centers from 3 to 5μm, increased to 1 ~ 1.5μm, and ultra-precision machining accuracy has begun to enter the nano-level (0.01μm). In terms of reliability, the MTBF value of foreign CNC devices has reached more than 6,000h, and the MTBF value of the servo system has reached more than 30,000h, showing very high reliability. In order to realize high-speed, high-precision machining, and its supporting functional components such as electric spindle, linear motor has been the rapid development, the application field is further expanded. 1.2 5-axis linkage processing and the rapid development of composite processing machine tools using 5-axis linkage of three-dimensional curved parts processing, the best geometry of the available tool cutting, not only high finish, but also a substantial increase in efficiency. It is generally believed that the efficiency of a 5-axis linkage machine tool can be equal to 2 3-axis linkage machine tool, especially the use of cubic boron nitride and other super-hard materials such as milling cutter for high-speed milling hardened steel parts, 5-axis linkage machining can be compared to 3-axis linkage machining to play a higher benefit. But in the past, because of the 5-axis linkage CNC system, the host structure is complex and other reasons, its price is several times higher than the 3-axis linkage CNC machine tools, coupled with the programming technology is more difficult, restricting the development of 5-axis linkage machine tools. Currently due to the emergence of electric spindle, making the realization of 5-axis linkage machining composite spindle head structure is greatly simplified, its manufacturing difficulty and cost significantly reduced, the price gap between the CNC system to narrow. As a result, the development of compound spindle head type 5-axis linkage machines and compound machining machines (including 5-face machining machines) has been promoted. In the EMO2001 exhibition, the new Nippon Koki's 5-face machining machine tool with composite spindle head can realize 4 vertical planes and any angle machining, so that the 5-face machining and 5-axis machining can be realized in the same machine tool, but also can realize the tilted surface and inverted taper hole machining. Germany DMG company exhibits DMUVoution series machining centers, can be in a clamping under the 5 surface machining and 5-axis linkage machining, can be controlled by the CNC system or CAD / CAM direct or indirect control. 1.3 Intelligent, open, networked to become the main trend of the development of contemporary CNC systems The 21st century CNC equipment will be a certain degree of intelligence of the system, the content of intelligence, including in the CNC system in all aspects: the pursuit of machining efficiency and quality of machining intelligence, such as adaptive control of the machining process, the automatic generation of process parameters; in order to improve the performance of the drive and the use of connectivity and ease of intelligence, such as feed-forward control, motor parameters of the intelligence, the use of the motor parameters, and the use of the control system, and the use of the control system. Such as feed-forward control, adaptive operation of motor parameters, automatic load recognition automatically selected model, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplify the operation of the intelligent, such as intelligent automatic programming, intelligent human-machine interface, etc.; there are also intelligent diagnostics, intelligent monitoring of the contents of the system to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance, etc.. In order to solve the traditional closed CNC system and CNC application software industrialized production problems. At present, many countries on the open CNC system research, such as the United States of America's NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), the European **** body of OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan's OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), China's ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. CNC system openness has become the future of the CNC system. The so-called open CNC system is the development of CNC systems can be in a unified operating platform for machine tool manufacturers and end-users, by changing, increasing or tailoring the structure of the object (CNC function), the formation of a series, and can be easily integrated into the control system of the user's special applications and know-how, the rapid realization of different varieties of different grades of open CNC systems, the formation of distinctive personality of the Famous brand products. At present, the open CNC system architecture specification, communication specification, configuration specification, operation platform, CNC system function library and CNC system function software development tools are the core of current research. Networking CNC equipment is a new highlight of the international famous machine tool exposition in the past two years. Networking of CNC equipment will greatly meet the production line, manufacturing system, manufacturing enterprises on the demand for information integration, but also the realization of new manufacturing models such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing base unit. Domestic and foreign some famous CNC machine tools and CNC system manufacturing companies have in the past two years launched the relevant new concepts and prototypes, such as in the EMO2001 exhibition, Japan's Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) company exhibited the "CyberProduction Center" (Intelligent Production Control Center, or CPC); Japan's Daiso (CPC); Japan's Daiso (CPC) CPC); Japan's Okuma (Okuma) Machine Tool Company exhibited "IT plaza" (Information Technology Plaza, referred to as IT Plaza); Germany's Siemens (Siemens) exhibited Open Manufacturing Environment (Open Manufacturing Environment, referred to as OME), etc., reflecting the importance of CNC machine tools. OME), reflecting the trend of CNC machine tool processing to the direction of network development.