Chinese name: Dushanbe
Mbth: душанбе Dushanbe.
Administrative category: capital
Region: Tajikistan
Area: 125 km2
Population: 562,000
Famous scenic spots: Tajik geological museum and Samani Monument.
Dushanbe (душанбе) is the capital of Tajikistan, located at 38.5 degrees north latitude and 68.8 degrees east longitude, in the Guisard Basin between the Warzub River and the Kafirnigan River, with an altitude of 750-930 meters and an area of 125. The highest temperature in summer can reach 40℃, and the lowest temperature in winter is -20℃. With a population of 562,000, the residents are mainly Russians and Tajiks, and other ethnic groups are Tatars and Ukrainians. Dushanbe's name is interpreted as "Monday" in Tajik, and it also refers to Dushanbe's famous Monday market. 1929- 1960 was once called "Stalinabad". 196 1 changed its name. Economic and cultural center of Tajikistan. In the Guisard Basin in western Tajikistan. Originally a small mountain village, it was built in 1925. Transportation hub. There are narrow-gauge railways leading to Tiermez and other places, and trunk highways leading to the north.
Bitter lamp, east to Horog. Air station. The main industries are cotton textile, silk reeling, food processing and machinery manufacturing (textile machinery, agricultural machinery, cables, household refrigerators, etc.). ). There are Tajikistan Academy of Sciences and institutions of higher learning. The main industrial center of Tajikistan. Mainly engaged in textile, food processing, textile machinery manufacturing and building materials industry. Production of cotton, silk, vegetable oil, industrial oil, canned food, cement, agricultural machinery, looms, cables, refrigerators, etc. Land transportation hub. There are wide-gauge railways connecting Termez, narrow-gauge railways connecting Xiapenchi and Cuglia, and trunk highways connecting Upper Valley of Seraphim, Fergana Valley, Wahsh Valley and Pamir. Tajikistan's scientific research, culture and education centers include Tajik Academy of Sciences, Tajik University, medical, industrial and agricultural colleges and other institutions of higher learning, as well as the Museum of the Republic of China, the Museum of Historical Geography and the Botanical Garden. Administrative, cultural, educational and scientific research institutions are located in the city center, and the southern and western parts of the city are new industrial zones and residential areas. The streets of this city are arranged in a rectangular grid. Dushanbe was once an important base of Tajik leader Ibrahim Baker who opposed the Bolsheviks. From 1929, Dushanbe became the seat of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, and was named "Stalin City" after Joseph Stalin (meaning "Stalin City") until 196 1. At present, there is a university in Dushanbe, which is also the seat of Tajik Institute of Science. There are coal mines, lead mines and arsenic mines around Dushanbe. In addition, it is a top cotton fiber production center, and Dushanbe also produces silk, clothing or leather products, food and machine parts.
Dushanbe is a new city established by three remote villages such as Jiushangbei after the October Revolution. It has been called a city since 1925. 1925 was formerly called Kishlak (meaning village). 1925 ~ 1929 was called Dushanbe at that time, which was originally translated as Jiushembe, meaning Monday, and was named after the market every Monday. 1929 ~ 196 1 is called Stalingrad, which means ".
Stalin City ". 1929 became the capital of Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (the former Soviet Union joined the Republic). 196 1 year later, it was renamed Dushanbe. 199 1 became the capital of Tajikistan, which declared its independence in September.
Foreigners who have just arrived in Dushanbe will have the impression that the city is too shabby. Except for some government offices around Somoni Square, all other buildings seem to have been left over decades ago. Dirty and torn. The highest floor is only 12 or 13 floors. It is said that this is an earthquake zone and it is not suitable for building tall buildings. These low buildings look rough and are a mixture of many cultures. It is as stupid as Russia in architecture, but as exquisite as Arabia in decoration. On the whole, it gives people the feeling of an outdated county. But as long as you live in Dushanbe for a while, you will find that it is a quite pure city. Her area is very small, with a population of only 700,000, which is equivalent to a special state or region in China at most. This is an oasis surrounded by continuous mountains. Climb to the top of the hill where the Victory Museum is located in the east and have a bird's eye view. The whole city has a panoramic view. Dushanbe River is as wide and flat as a soft ribbon. Looking north, the snow-capped mountains that are not far away all the year round seem to be stacked together, reflecting a bright and gentle light under the blue sky. The melting snow of the snow-capped mountains, dribs and drabs, branches and leaves, from top to bottom, merged into the cold and swift Dushanbe River, nourishing fertile soil, irrigating fertile fields and raising cities. In the summer heat, these snow-capped mountains are like a huge banana fan, cooling the hot city. I'm afraid the biggest feature of Dushanbe is her excellent greening. No matter which neighborhood you stop in, it is surrounded by trees and shaded by trees, which is called "birds singing everywhere". High above, tall and straight poplars, locust trees, red maple, etc. Stand up in the blue sky. In the second half, cherries and all kinds of small trees with flowers are constantly embracing each other. The ground is decorated with roses, Chinese rose, roses and unknown colorful flowers. Dushanbe has an amazing number of roses. This shop sells roses all year round.
On festivals, weddings and celebrations, people send roses to their loved ones, relatives and friends. In the center and on both sides of the main street, red, yellow and white roses stretch for several kilometers. No wonder people here often boast that Dushanbe people like roses best. Walking on the path, wandering in the street, the fragrance of roses will float everywhere.
Edit this smoke-free city
Dushanbe is basically a city without industrial pollution. Living here, you can hardly catch a cold. The air quality here is many times cleaner than most provincial capitals in China. There are no thick smoke and black fog released by many chimneys, no suffocating harmful gases released by a large number of cars, and no crowded, noisy and angry people. There is electricity and gas at home here, with a small population and few cars. If the greening is done well, the air is of course fresh. Because limited car pollution has long been purified by lush green trees. You will often be surprised that the sky here is always so blue, the night is always so starry, the trees are always so green, and people are always so simple and natural. Occasionally, there are headwinds that blow dust from suburban cement factories into the city, and there are debris from sandstorms in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, all of which are dusty, but not several times a year. So you can't see people worrying about their health, no morning exercises, no sports meeting. They don't need exercise, they are naturally strong. Thanks for the beautiful scenery, pure air and natural lifestyle. Stroll through downtown Dushanbe and you will be surprised. Few people smoke here. No matter in the street or in many public places, no one is watching, smoking cigarettes with their fingers or mouths and littering cigarette butts. There are no cigarette advertisements, and the cigarette seats in the store are also very inconspicuous. Especially on buses or buses, you can't smell the pungent smell of cigarettes at all. Don't worry about soot falling on your brand-new coat at any time, or burning a black hole on your beautiful shirt. You will be happy to come to a smoke-free country and enjoy the natural air. Of course, you will also see one or two women in the coffee shop, with their slender legs up, their slender hands deliberately holding their cigarettes high, holding their heads high and spitting smoke rings, talking and laughing with men. But that's pure posturing and attraction. Can't compare with a heavy smoker who likes smoking like a life. But if you come to the conclusion that Tajiks have nothing to do with tobacco, it is all wet. On the street and beside the market, you can see Dushanbe.
Few vendors are selling a green powder in a small plastic bag. Foreigners who have just arrived in Dushanbe will wonder: What is this? Actually, this is cigarette powder, not for smoking, but for eating. Why do you want to satisfy the tobacco hobby in this way? Is it for eating instead of affecting other people's health? Or does tobacco taste better than smoking? I haven't figured it out yet. The way you smoke from above will cause a lot of reverie. Probably tobacco is a way for human beings, especially men, to release excess sexual desire. Or a way to relax and calm down? Or is it a way to clear your mind and generate inspiration? Or is it a magic weapon to get rid of forgetting for a while? Dushanbe
I'm afraid it's all a little. In Tajikistan, people's smoking is entirely a personal behavior, not a social means. You can't see three or five groups toasting and handing cigarettes to each other, and you can't see the choking scene full of smoke and tears. They also eat cigarettes quietly, for fear of being discovered, and spit out the cigarette residue after eating. They all seem to realize that the exhaled smoke is harmful to the health of others, so they choose this way. So you can't see the negative effects of smoking on the public in China. Although Tajikistan's economy is backward and its per capita income is very low, won't its civilized quality, which satisfies itself without harming others, make some of our citizens who think they are rich and superior, feel ashamed? Poverty has a sense of dignity, wealth has a sense of shame; Poverty but ambition, wealth but humility, this is the highest state of life.
Edit this part of urban humanities.
Dushanbe is surrounded by mountains, some steep and some bare, which is refreshing. There are few Woods, not even grass. Therefore, this oasis in the city is particularly precious. People cherish this green land wholeheartedly and enjoy it heartily. People's life is closely related to the oasis, and people's personality is also closely related to this oasis. Oasis cultivates Dushanbe's personality-friendliness, modesty, courtesy and understanding. It's interesting to watch Tajiks meet and say hello. They usually don't say anything first, but press their chest with their left hand, lean forward slightly, and hold each other's right hand with their right hand. Then two people stick their cheeks on the left and right, or touch them gently with their foreheads. And then began to say hello. When women meet, they stick their faces directly to the left and right. This process is very intimate and friendly. People are particularly envious. This kind of gift is probably the product of the blending of eastern and western cultures. The friendliness of Tajiks can best be reflected in taking buses and buses. They are very warm and friendly to foreigners, but they are also very friendly to their own people, and they will never favor one over the other. Needless to say, young people often give their seats to women and children often give their seats to adults in the car. Buy tickets for others to send.
Don't thank you for giving money, and don't expect others to thank you for passing it on. It seems that everyone has reached a tacit understanding: this is what it should be, everyone for me and I for everyone. Thank-you notes are superfluous. Drivers at intersections or other places will take the initiative to stop when they see someone crossing the road, and signal pedestrians to go first with their palms. Don't start driving until all the pedestrians have passed. When the car is full, the driver will hold the steering wheel in one hand and gently spread out the other hand to express regret. There will always be bumps in the carriage, but it is difficult for you to see people blow their beards and stare angrily because of the intrusion of personal extreme space, and you can't hear the roar, abuse or even swearing when they are trampled or hit by kidnappers. Everything was quiet, and everyone endured and understood each other until they reached their destination. You have to admire their forbearance and respect them. The life of most Tajiks seems so leisurely. They advocate freedom and despise the etching and bondage of time to people's hearts. They don't make me adapt to time, but make time work for me. They are always tolerant of time. Don't pursue precision, just focus on generality. This is hard for people in Europe, America, Japan and China to understand. They are in no hurry and can understand when they are late. When waiting for a bus or waiting for someone, you can't see the sad face, anxiety and anger of being late. The most amazing thing is that people here never seem to haggle over every ounce, swear or even fight. Dushanbe
The scene of quarreling and swearing in the street seems to have nothing to do with them. People always like to speak softly. In shops and fairs, people bargain and buy and sell for mutual benefit, and they will never be red-faced or uneasy about one or two somoni and Dylan. Although these people are a little scary with thick eyebrows, black eyes and beards, their words and deeds are quite gentle. From a well-dressed gentleman to a rustic farmer, you can do whatever you want, simply and simply, without wordiness, prevarication and wrangling. Because they are polite, reasonable and educated. The religious spirit permeated in their bones deeply influenced them. The trauma caused by the civil war ten years ago also deeply influenced and educated them from the opposite side. Today, when almost everything is globalized, people yearn for the so-called civilization, elegance and modern fashion, but gradually forget and lose some primitive, simple, pure and beautiful things. From the destruction of forest vegetation to polluted air and poor water quality, from rapid economic growth to frequent wars and human degradation, the price of human progress is so heavy. But in another forgotten corner of the world, there are still people who live and work in peace and contentment and stick to their spiritual home. They admire nature and are willing to live in knowledge. Although they are in great contrast with modern civilization, they still go their own way while pursuing modernization, and still live and develop in an orderly manner according to their national spiritual personality. That purity, that purity, that tranquility, really makes people envy, envy.
Edit this paragraph of urban enterprises
Dushanbe's total industrial output value accounts for 1/3 of the whole country. Among them, large industrial enterprises include Dushanbe Cotton Textile Joint Enterprise, Reinforced Concrete Component Factory, Dushanbe Machine Factory, Tajik Water Conservancy Engineering Equipment Joint Enterprise and Dushanbe Professional Automation Test Factory.
Dushanbe Pamir refrigerator production joint venture, Dushanbe brick production joint venture, Dushanbe excavator repair shop, automobile repair shop, Dushanbe paint factory, Dushanbe plastic products and non-standard equipment factory, Dushanbe machinery repair shop, Dushanbe agricultural electrification experimental factory, Dushanbe silkworm egg equipment factory, textile machinery factory, Tajikistan gold mining and mineral processing joint venture, Tacob fluorite mining joint venture, Dushanbe cement production joint venture, asbestos cement.
Light industrial enterprises
Dushanbe Beverage and Mineral Water Plant, Dushanbe Cigarette Factory, Wood Processing Factory, Sanitary Engineering Equipment Factory, Pharmaceutical Factory, Knitting Factory, Sock Factory, Shoe Factory, Headscarf Factory, Candy and Dim Sum Factory, Krupskaya Silk Joint Enterprise, Dushanbe Printing Joint Enterprise, Food Joint Enterprise, etc. There is a coal-fired power station with an installed capacity of 2 1.8 million kilowatts.
medical institution
There are 24 hospitals, 59 clinics (including 1 1 specialist clinics) and 8 epidemic prevention stations in this city. Large hotels: Dushanbe Hotel, Tajik Hotel, October Hotel, etc.
Edit this paragraph of scientific research institutions.
Scientific research institutions: * * and National Academy of Sciences (established in 195 1, with 16 scientific research institutions). Non-Academy-affiliated scientific research: Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (with four experimental stations attached), Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Grapes, Vegetables, Soil, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tajik Sheep Industry Research Institute, Epidemiology and Hygiene Research Institute, Tajik Water Conservancy Technology and Soil Improvement Research Institute, Science and Technology Economic Information Research Institute, Planned Economy and Mathematical Methods Research Institute, Tajik Automation System Research Institute, Building Foundation and Underground Construction Research Institute, Tajik Agricultural Economy and System Research Institute, Tajik Potato Research Institute, etc.
Edit this section of city colleges and universities
Higher education institutions
Tajik National University, National Medical University, Taoslav University, Agricultural University, Normal University, Polytechnic University, Islamic University, Polytechnic University, Foreign Languages Institute, Physical Education Institute, Art Institute, Business School, Tax Law Institute, etc.
cultural facilities
There are seven theaters, including Ballet Opera House (built in 1939 ~ 1946), Mayakov Theatre, Lahuti Theatre,1Cinema, Concert Hall and Circus, which are named after Aini (Tajik writer, scholar and social activist). There are 5 stadiums, 1 gymnasium and 7 swimming pools.
Edit the places of interest in this section.
The main museums are: National Museum, Local History Museum and Plastic Arts Museum. Ethnology Museum, geological museum, Aini Literature Museum, Tursun-Zade (Tajik poet, social activist) Literature Museum, etc. Places of interest: Tajik geological museum, Samani Monument, Roudaki Monument, Aini Monument and Tursun-Zade Monument.
Tajik geological museum
Founded in 1959, it was originally the internal showroom of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and was later opened to the public. There are more than 6,000 samples/kloc-0 of all kinds of ores and gems in the museum, but due to limited space, only 4,500 pieces are on display, 90% of which are minerals produced in Tajikistan, and a small number are provided by other countries through exchange. The exhibition hall covers an area of 320 square meters and shows different disciplines of geology: mineralogy, petrology, paleontology and paleobotany. The museum not only comprehensively shows the geological distribution of Tajikistan, but also shows the distribution of minerals, minerals and samples at different stages of origin and evolution.
Samani Monument
Located in the center of Dushanbe. Samani (also known as Saman) Dynasty (874-999 AD) was founded by Amad nasr and named after his ancestor Saman, a Persian aristocrat. Samarkand was originally the capital and later Bukhara (Samarkand and Bukhara are now Uzbekistan). Samanid dynasty believed in Islam, and its national strength was the strongest in the first half of 10 century, occupying the area between eastern Iran and Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, and was later destroyed by Khan dynasty.
Roudaki Monument
Located in the northeast corner of Dushanbe. Abdullah Roudaki (860-94 1) was born in Pinzhikent, Tajikistan. He served as the chief court poet of Shamani Dynasty for more than 40 years, and wrote130,000 two-line poems in his life. His poems are full of love for working people, eulogizing rationality and kindness, and are considered as the founder of Tajik-Persian literature.
Aini monument
Located in the southeast corner of Dushanbe. Sadridin Aini (1878- 1954), Tajik writer and poet, was the first president of Tajik Academy of Sciences. His long poem "March for Freedom" called on the people to rise up and overthrow Chamir's brutal rule, and "For a Brilliant October" sounded the horn of the people fighting for the Soviet regime.
Tursun-Zade Monument
Located in the western corner of Dushanbe. Mirzo Tursun-Zade (191-1977) is a Tajik poet. Former chairman of Tajikistan Writers Association. Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Writers Association of the former Soviet Union, who won the National Award of the former Soviet Union; Famous poems include Sons of the Motherland, A Ring of Endless Light and Voice of Asia.
Edit the local customs of this paragraph.
The vast majority of rural residents make a living by farming, and animal husbandry is mainly based on fixed feeding, with few mobile grazing. Influenced by the Russian nation, Tajikistan is more open and free than its traditional Muslim neighbors (Iran and Afghanistan, etc.). ) did not fully abide by the provisions of Islamic teachings. Tajikistan has its own religious leader (Mufti), and ordinary people often go to mosques to worship. Weddings, funerals and boy circumcision (completed before the age of 5) should be invited to the party. The traditional national costumes of Tajiks are mainly cotton-padded clothes and cotton-padded clothes, and there is no clear change of clothes in four seasons. The man is wearing a big white shirt, bloomers, a wide robe, a belt or a square towel, an embroidered hat or headscarf, and a pair of soft leather boots. Women wear silk bloomers with long linings or colorful skirts, white scarves or scarves on their heads, or embroidered hats decorated with beads, coral necklaces, bracelets and earrings. Most people who wear national costumes are mountain people.
Edit this section of urban traffic
The city is a railway hub, an aviation hub and highways extending in all directions. The trolley bus in the city is125.8km. In terms of transportation, there are international flights to Moscow, Almaty, Bishkek, Ahabad, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Sharjah and Karachi. Dushanbe established twin cities with Moscow (Russian), Rusaka (Zambia), Boulder (USA), Sana 'a (Yemen, Arabia), Klagenfurt (Austria) and Lahore (Pakistan).
Edit the eating habits of this paragraph.
The contents and making methods of Tajik diet reflect his economic situation, living habits and national characteristics. The diet in pastoral areas is mainly dairy products, pasta and rice. Pasta is the main food in agricultural areas, supplemented by milk and meat. Usually breakfast is naan, milk tea, lunch is noodles, and dinner is meat. Best ethnic food: pilaf, baked buns, braised pork and beef soup. I like brick tea, green tea and black tea. When drinking tea, it is usually accompanied by some dried fruits and sweets. Tajiks pay attention to traditional etiquette and habits when eating, and the time of sitting is also different. Elders and guests sit in their seats, others sit around, and a menu (similar to a tablecloth) is laid in the middle, so it is laid on a blanket or carpet because there is no need for tables and chairs. Tea and rice are served in turn, and there are few jokes when eating. If there are guests from afar, people who have sheep at home will slaughter them for entertainment. When slaughtering sheep to entertain guests, the owner will lead the sheep to the guests and let them have a look. When the guests are satisfied, they will be slaughtered immediately. When eating, the host first gives the sheep's head to the most distinguished guest, and the guest cuts a piece of meat to eat, then returns the hand of the sheep's head to the host, and the host invites the guest to eat a piece of sheep's liver with sheep's tail oil. Then the host picked up the meat cleaver, put his hand out and asked a guest to share the meat. At this time, guests often give up their seats to each other or ask the host to share the meat. After eating, everyone raised their hands to do "duwa" (prayer) according to Islamic tradition. Everyone can't get up until the host cleans up the leftovers and takes away the menu. Otherwise, it will be regarded as disrespectful to the host. Tajiks believe in Islam and their meat is mainly sheep, cattle and camels. They don't eat animals such as pigs, horses, donkeys, dogs and bears. Birds eat chickens, ducks and geese. They don't eat crows and raptors, and they don't eat the blood of all animals. All edible animals must pray when they are slaughtered. Animals that die before slaughter generally do not eat their meat, but women and children can eat it. Tajiks don't avoid smoking or drinking, but they don't do anything that violates religious rules after drinking. Flat-topped houses that used to live in plains and piedmont areas with adobe and mud mixed with grass are now mostly brick houses. In order to prevent earthquakes, most buildings are bungalows and multi-storey buildings, and there are few high-rise buildings. Interior furnishings still retain traditional features. Living room curtains, quilts, napkins, wrapped napkins, pillow towels, towels and other fabrics on doors and windows are embroidered with exotic flowers and birds and beautiful patterns.