Since 1998, in the face of the impact of the Asian financial crisis and the lack of effective domestic demand, as well as economic structural contradictions outstanding superimposed on the intertwined difficult situation, the Party Central Committee and the State Council to take a holistic view of the overall situation, the situation, the timely and decisive implementation of the policy of expanding domestic demand, the implementation of active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, the Government has taken the initiative to expand domestic demand. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council, taking an overall view of the situation, promptly and decisively adopted the policy of expanding domestic demand and implemented active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. At the same time, it continued to open up to the outside world, successfully stabilizing the overall situation of reform, development and stability. In the face of the continuing downturn in world trade and investment, increasing trade protectionism, low international commodity prices and sharp fluctuations in the exchange rates of major international currencies, the country decisively adopted a series of policy measures to expand exports, such as raising the export tax rebate rate, and foreign trade has made great strides, establishing its status as a major trading nation and rapidly improving its international competitiveness.
1. Implementing the strategy of market diversification, endeavoring to consolidate the traditional markets and vigorously exploring the emerging markets, and reducing the risk of the international market. Under the premise of accelerating trend of economic globalization, the correlation between the economies of different countries is getting stronger and stronger, and the economic crisis or change of a country is very likely to turn into a regional or worldwide disaster. Under the situation of increased political and economic uncertainties in the world and rapid changes in the world market, the Party Central Committee and the State Council put forward an important strategy in 1992, namely, the implementation of a market diversification strategy, to reduce or avoid the impact that uncertainties in the world might have on China's exports while actively exploring the international market. Especially in the five years since 1998, the market diversification strategy has been further advanced, and on the basis of consolidating and developing the traditional markets of the United States, Japan and Europe, it has further explored potential markets such as Russia, India, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, etc., while emphasizing the strengthening of economic and trade relations with developing countries. Exports to the United States and Japan increased from 32.69 billion dollars and 31.82 billion dollars in 1997 to 69.95 billion dollars and 48.44 billion dollars in 2002 respectively. The total import and export to Russia and India increased from US$6.12 billion and US$1.83 billion in 1997 to US$11.93 billion and US$4.94 billion in 2002 respectively. The diversified pattern of China's import and export commodity market has been basically formed, in 1980, China's exports or imports of more than 100 million U.S. dollars of countries and regions were 29, to 2001, exports or imports of more than 100 million U.S. dollars of countries and regions rose to 86 and 67. 2002 China's exports of commodities country (region) accounted for the proportion of the total exports of commodities were the U.S. 21.5%, Hong Kong 18%, Japan 14.9%, Japan 14.9%, and the total amount of exports of goods. 18%, Japan 14.9%, the European Union 14.8%, ASEAN 7.2%, South Korea 4.8%, Taiwan Province of 2%, Australia 1.4%, Canada 13%, other countries and regions 13%. Except for Canada, the trade volume with the 10 largest trading partners have maintained a double-digit growth, accounting for 85.2% of the total value of China's foreign trade imports and exports.
2. Implementing the strategy of winning by quality and developing trade by science and technology, optimizing the structure of export commodities and enhancing the international competitiveness of export commodities. 20 century at the end of the 1980s, China's export commodity structure has realized the first fundamental transformation, that is, from the export of primary commodities to the export of manufactured products. In the past 10 years or so, especially since 1998, the Government has formulated a series of policies and measures to further optimize the structure of export commodities. First, it has continued to make great efforts to optimize the export of electromechanical products. Policies have been formulated to raise the export tax rebate rate for four major categories of mechanical and electrical products, namely, machinery and equipment, electrical and electronic products, means of transportation and instruments, to 17 per cent, and the export tax rebate rate for agricultural machinery to 13 per cent. Encourage electromechanical products export enterprises to increase investment in scientific research, research and development costs in the average annual growth rate of more than 10% of the actual amount of 50% taxable income deduction. Actively encourage electromechanical export enterprises through the quality system, environmental protection and safety certification, accelerate the cultivation of a number of backbone enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and strong core competitiveness, expanding the market share of brand-name electromechanical products, and promote the export of large-scale complete sets of equipment, communications and electronic products. The second is to improve the export capacity of high-tech products. Accelerate the construction of high-tech products export base, the full implementation of policies to encourage the development of software industry, integrated circuit industry. Third, increase the use of high-tech and advanced technology to transform traditional industries. We will focus on the in-depth development of important resource-based and labor-intensive products and agricultural products, and enhance the technological content and value-added of the traditional bulk commodities exported by China. These policies and measures have given a strong impetus to the implementation of the strategy of winning by quality and the strategy of developing trade through science and technology, greatly enhancing the international competitiveness of China's export commodities, and realizing the transformation of export commodities from roughly-processed, low-value-added products to intensively-processed, high-value-added, and high-technology-content products. For nine consecutive years, electromechanical products have become China's top export commodities, with exports of electromechanical products amounting to US$157.08 billion in 2002, accounting for 48.2 per cent of the country's total exports, up from 32.5 per cent in 1997, and contributing 64.4 per cent to the overall export growth of that year. High-tech products have become a new growth point for exports, maintaining an average annual growth rate of more than 25%, and increasing their share of exports from 8.9% in 1997 to 20.8%. In 2002, the export of traditional staple commodities grew significantly, with apparel exports amounting to 41.19 billion US dollars, textile yarns and fabrics and products exports amounting to 20.58 billion US dollars, footwear exports amounting to 11.09 billion US dollars, plastics exports amounting to 6.05 billion US dollars, and toys exports amounting to 5.57 billion US dollars, representing an increase of 29.7%, 59.7%, 29.9%, 23.7%, and 10.5%, respectively, compared with the figures of 1997. percent, respectively. China's real and potential comparative advantages are being transformed into competitive advantages, and it has been the world's top exporter of labor-intensive products such as textiles, garments, shoes, clocks and watches, bicycles, sewing machines and so on for many years. In recent years, exports of electromechanical products such as cell phones, laser recorders, monitors, air-conditioning units, containers, optical components, power tools and small household appliances have also risen to the top of the world. Color TV, motorcycles and other goods exports ranked second in the world.
3. Deepen the reform of foreign trade system, promote the diversification of the main business and trade mode, and improve the ability to explore the international market. First, improved market access. Further expand the right to operate foreign trade and economic cooperation, import and export business qualifications gradually realize the approval system to the registration system. On the basis of the registration and filing system for state-owned large and medium-sized production enterprises, commercial enterprises and scientific research institutes, and the granting of import and export business rights to private enterprises that meet certain conditions, the management of import and export business rights is being brought into line with international standards. At present, the number of domestic enterprises (including foreign trade enterprises, foreign economic enterprises, production enterprises, township and village enterprises, private enterprises, etc.) with the right to engage in foreign economic and trade operations has increased from more than 6,000 in the early 1990s to more than 60,000, initially forming a large economic and trade pattern in which all kinds of enterprises of all ownerships*** participate in the development of the international market. Secondly, the reform of the foreign trade management system and state-owned foreign economic and trade enterprises has continued to be pushed forward. It has completed the delinking of the competent departments of foreign trade and economic cooperation from the enterprises directly under them, accelerated the transformation of government functions, reformed the administrative examination and approval system, and focused on solving the problems of emphasis on examination and approval and light on services. It has established a sound system for monitoring the operation of foreign trade, a rapid response mechanism for dealing with trade frictions, an early-warning mechanism for the balance of payments, and a mechanism for industrial relief and protection, so as to set up a foreign economic and trade system adapted to the development of the socialist market economy and in line with the norms of international trade. Strengthening the reform of customs clearance operations, "fast customs clearance", "convenient customs clearance", "paperless customs clearance", "networked supervision and control" and other supporting reforms steadily. Various supporting reforms such as "fast customs clearance", "convenient customs clearance", "paperless customs clearance" and "network supervision" have been steadily promoted. It has continued to deepen the reform of the foreign exchange management system, set up an information management system for foreign exchange receipts and expenditures, accelerated networking with banks, customs and other departments, and improved the level of foreign exchange management. Create a better environment for our enterprises to participate in international market competition. Vigorously promote the reform of intermediary organizations, strengthen the industry's self-regulatory mechanism, expand the function of intermediary services, and give full play to the positive role of intermediary organizations in information, services, coordination, and responding to complaints. Third, the implementation of trade mode diversification. China's general trade, processing trade and border trade and other trade modes have maintained a rapid development; in 2002, China's general trade exports accounted for 41.8% of total exports, processing trade exports accounted for 55.3%, and border trade and other trade exports accounted for 2.9%. At the same time, more and more Chinese commodities have entered the network of multinational chain operations; in 2002, multinational retail groups purchased commodities in China amounting to more than 30 billion dollars, accounting for more than 10 per cent of total exports. E-commerce has been widely used, at present, more than 40% of domestic import and export enterprises to carry out e-commerce, improve the speed, efficiency and quality of import and export.
4. the use of internationally accepted rules, the timely introduction of policies to encourage exports, mobilize enterprises to expand exports enthusiasm. 1998 Asian financial crisis, the second half of that year, China's foreign trade exports in the last 20 years since the negative growth rate in 1998, the export growth rate in 1997 from the 21% plummeted to 0.5%, affecting the year's economic growth of about 2 percentage points, China's China's ability to cope with changes in the external environment is still relatively poor. In order to reverse this situation, we have increased our efforts to develop international markets while expanding domestic demand. During the past five years, the State Council and relevant ministries and commissions have continuously issued more than 100 policy documents, which is the largest number of policies issued since the reform and opening-up period. Firstly, we insisted on not devaluing the RMB and substantially increased the export tax rebate rate. The comprehensive tax rebate rate has been raised from 8.2% to 15.2%, and tax exemptions, credits and refunds have been fully implemented for the self-managed exports of production enterprises, with priority given to key exporting enterprises with large export scales and good credibility in handling export tax rebates. Since 2001, "three-funded enterprises" established before 1994 have also begun to implement the policy of tax exemption, credit and refund, with a cumulative total of more than 400 billion yuan in tax refunds over the past five years. Secondly, financial services and financial support for export enterprises have been strengthened. It is actively expanding export credit and credit insurance, and utilizing a variety of credit methods to support the export of high-tech products. In order to support small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those producing and operating high-tech products, in expanding exports and exploring international markets, a special fund of 500 million yuan has been set up in the Central Foreign Trade Development Fund to provide assistance in the form of interest subsidies. The fund will be replenished annually at a rate of 10 per cent of the central development fund. Thirdly, in the changing international situation, the continuity and stability of the policy should be maintained, while the coordination of various departments should be strengthened to give full play to the integrated role of various policies. Fourth, to crack down on smuggling, foreign exchange evasion and other illegal and criminal activities, rectify and standardize the order of foreign trade and economic market. These policies have played an important role in enabling our enterprises to seize the opportunities of the international market, meet the challenges and overcome the difficulties.
The above measures have greatly enhanced the international competitiveness of China's enterprises and products, and enabled China to shift from a weak ability to adapt to the international environment to an increasingly strong ability to withstand international risks. 2001 saw the slowdown of the world economy, the economic downturn of major trading partners, the continued shrinkage of the international market, and the impact of the U.S. "9/11" on the severe external environment. In 2001, in the face of the severe external environment of the world economic slowdown, the economic slump of major trading partners, the continuous shrinkage of the international market, and the impact of the United States "9.11", foreign trade not only did not decelerate, but also increased by 6.8% compared with the export growth in 2000, and the ranking in the world has risen from the 10th in 1997 to the 4th in 2002. The international dependence of China's foreign trade has reached nearly 50%, with exports reaching about 25%, 5 percentage points higher than the world average. According to the World Bank, during 1980-2000, China's contribution to the growth of global trade and services was 6.9%, the second highest in the world (14.4% in the United States and 4.7% in Japan); its contribution to the growth of the world's GDP was also second only to that of the United States, amounting to 14% (20.7% in the United States and 7% in Japan.) In 2002, China's national customs tariffs and import duties netted 259.06 billion yuan, up from 25.9 billion yuan in 1998 to 4.0% in 2002. 259.06 billion yuan, and in the five years since 1998, the taxes collected by customs netted nearly 1 trillion yuan. The country's foreign exchange reserves increased from 139.89 billion U.S. dollars in 1997 to 286.4 billion U.S. dollars at the end of 2002, ranking 2nd in the world.
Second, expanding the scale of utilization of foreign capital, focusing on improving the quality of utilization of foreign capital, and enhancing the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign capital absorption
The active, rational and effective utilization of foreign capital is an important part of China's open-door policy. In the past five years, according to the new characteristics of international capital flows, seize the opportunity to expand the scale of utilization of foreign capital, the utilization of foreign capital work to a new level.
1. Guiding the direction of foreign investment and striving to improve the quality of absorbed foreign capital. Combine the use of foreign investment with the promotion of economic restructuring, industrial optimization and upgrading, with the development of western and regional economic coordination, and with the acceleration of the restructuring and transformation of state-owned enterprises. The State Council has issued the Circular on Current Opinions on Further Encouraging Foreign Investment, promulgated the newly revised Provisions for Guiding the Direction of Foreign Investment, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation have jointly issued a new Catalogue of Industrial Guidance for Foreign Investment, and the State Planning Commission has issued a Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Utilization of Foreign Investment and Overseas Investment, and has taken all effective measures to optimize the quality of foreign investment. Effective measures have been taken to optimize the industrial structure of foreign investment. Foreign investors are guided to invest in modern agriculture, high-tech industries and supporting industries, infrastructure, basic industries, environmental industries and foreign exchange-earning industries, which the State encourages the development of. Encourage foreign investors to introduce, develop and innovate technologies, set up capital- and technology-intensive projects, establish more advanced technology-based projects, develop labor-intensive processing and manufacturing industries, promote the localization of raw materials for foreign-invested enterprises, and encourage small- and medium-sized enterprises to provide support for large foreign-invested enterprises. Encourage foreign investment in the central and western regions, strive to create conditions for the central and western regions to expand the absorption of foreign investment, continuously relax the conditions for domestic financing of foreign-invested projects in the central and western regions, and increase the strength of industrial policies in favor of the central and western regions. Promote foreign investment in infrastructure, mineral resources, tourism resources development, ecological environmental protection, agricultural and animal husbandry products processing and other scientific and technological projects in the western region. Encourage foreign investment to participate in the investment of west-east gas transmission, west-east power transmission and its supporting projects. Encourage foreign-invested enterprises established on the coast to reinvest in the central and western regions. Encourage foreign participation in the reorganization and transformation of state-owned enterprises, and support large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to carry out asset restructuring through various ways of utilizing foreign capital, revitalize the stock of assets, transform the business mechanism, improve the management level, promote technological transformation and upgrading of enterprises, and form new advantageous industries and enterprises. Efforts have been made to introduce advanced technology, modern management experience, modern market operation methods and specialized talents. In recent years, foreign-invested enterprises have greatly accelerated the transfer of advanced technology to China. In 2001, 42% of the foreign-invested enterprises used the most advanced technology of their parent companies, and the proportion has increased to more than 70% since 2002, and the number of patents applied for by high-tech enterprises among foreign-invested enterprises accounted for 2/3 of the total number of patents applied for by the national high-tech industry. The proportion of foreign-invested enterprises in the national exports of electromechanical and high-tech products has reached 65% and 80% respectively, driving the improvement of the commodity structure of China's exports.
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2. Gradually opening up new areas for utilizing foreign capital and continuously expanding the scale of utilizing foreign capital. According to the needs of reform and opening up and China's accession to the WTO foreign commitments, combined with the characteristics of different industries and the level of development, focusing on the opening up of the service sector, and step by step to promote the opening up of the service sector, such as finance, insurance, securities, telecommunications, distribution, foreign trade, tourism, accounting, lawyers, medical care, education, transportation, modern logistics and so on. In the area of finance and insurance, restrictions on foreign-funded banks and foreign-funded insurance companies in terms of service targets and geographical areas have been systematically lifted, foreign participation in the shareholding restructuring of domestic commercial banks has been promoted in due course, and various types of insurance companies in a position to do so have been encouraged to bring in foreign capital. By the end of October 2002, the number of foreign banks operating in China reached 181, and the number of foreign banks authorized to operate RMB business reached 53, with cities such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Dalian, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan opening up their RMB business to foreign banks. In the field of distribution, foreign investors are encouraged and guided to invest in modern logistics, chain operation and e-commerce, gradually increase the number of foreign-invested commercial retail enterprises, and allow production-oriented enterprises to set up their own sales channels, including specialized wholesale, retail and maintenance service systems. According to the survey, at present, the world's 50 largest retail enterprises, 70% of them have "landed on the beach" in China. Multinational retailers such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro, Pulsmart, Ito-Yokado, Auchan and others have accelerated their investment and expansion in the Chinese market. The opening up of other service sectors has also increased its pace. At present, China's actual absorption of foreign investment in the distribution of industries: primary industry 1.9%, secondary industry 63.3%, tertiary industry 34.8% (29.2% in 2001), the service industry has become a hot spot for a new round of foreign investment. Expansion of the field of opening up to the outside world has created more business opportunities for foreign-invested enterprises, so that the scale of foreign investment continues to expand. 1998-2002, the cumulative actual utilization of foreign capital of 226.1 billion yuan, more than the total of 1979-1997. 2000 global foreign direct investment (FDI) of 1,492 billion U.S. dollars in 2001 fell to 735 billion U.S. dollars, a drop of 51%, the largest decline in 30 years. In 2000, global foreign direct investment (FDI) amounted to $1,492 billion; in 2001, it fell to $735 billion, a 51% drop, the largest drop in 30 years; in 2002, it further dropped to $534 billion, another 27% drop compared with 2001. Under such circumstances, China's foreign investment absorption for nine consecutive years ranked first among developing countries, reaching 52.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2002, a year-on-year increase of 12.51%, for the first time exceeding the U.S., becoming the world's most attractive destination for foreign investment. 2002, the end of the country's cumulative total of approval for the establishment of foreign-invested enterprises 424,196, the amount of contracted foreign investment of 828,060 million U.S. dollars, the amount of foreign capital in actual use of The actual utilization of foreign capital amounted to 447.966 billion U.S. dollars.
3. Actively exploring new ways of foreign investment and continuously broadening the channels of utilizing foreign investment. Adapting to the new features and trends of international cross-border investment, actively exploring new ways to attract foreign investment such as acquisition, merger, investment funds, securities investment, venture capital, etc., continuing to encourage and expand foreign investment in the field of infrastructure by means of BOT, project financing, transfer of infrastructure operation rights, etc., and continuing to implement the utilization of foreign investment in the form of cooperation, joint venture, international leasing, compensatory trade, processing and assembly, etc.
3. Steadily utilizing the international securities market to introduce foreign capital, allowing foreign-invested enterprises to list in the domestic securities market, and promoting domestic enterprises to list abroad. Encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to adopt various forms of foreign joint ventures and cooperation, develop supporting industries and enter the international supporting procurement network. Select a number of state-owned enterprises that have completed corporatization or are in the process of restructuring, especially large-scale state-owned enterprises, and sell part of their shares to foreign investors in a systematic manner, so that, except for important enterprises related to national security and economic lifelines that must be controlled by the Chinese side, other enterprises can be controlled by foreign investors. In order to regulate and promote the new mode of investment, the relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council have successively promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Establishment of Foreign-Invested Venture Capital Enterprises, Several Opinions on Issues Involving Foreign Investments in Listed Companies, Interim Provisions on Domestic Investments of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, Interim Provisions on the Absorption of Foreign Investments by Financial Asset Management Companies for the Participation in the Restructuring and Disposal of Assets, Interim Provisions on the Investment-type Companies to be Organized by Foreign Investments, Interim Provisions on the Organization of Foreign Invested Companies, and Interim Provisions on the Organization of Foreign Invested Companies. The Interim Provisions on the Organization of Investment Companies by Foreign Investors, the Rules for the Establishment of Securities Companies with Foreign Capital Participation, and other laws and regulations. A pattern of utilizing foreign investment through multiple channels and in multiple forms has been formed. Foreign investment is playing a growing role in China's social and economic life. At present, the exports of foreign-invested enterprises account for 52% of China's total exports, the proportion of industrial added value in China's industrial added value of 25%, tax revenue accounted for 20% of China's tax revenue, and provide employment opportunities for nearly 23 million people, accounting for 10% of the country's urban working population.
4. Encourage large multinational corporations to invest in China and increase the proportion of multinational corporations' investment. Increase efforts to attract investment from multinational corporations, encourage multinational corporations to transfer their manufacturing bases, R&D centers, and regional operation centers to China, accelerate the establishment of international export procurement centers, and promote multinational corporations to integrate China into their global production and procurement chains. Encourage multinational corporations to participate in the reorganization and transformation of state-owned enterprises through different ways, such as transferring shares and buying out assets, and transferring advanced technology and advanced management experience to state-owned enterprises. Encourage multinational companies to invest in transforming traditional agriculture, establishing modern agricultural enterprise groups through joint ventures and cooperation, and improving the level of agricultural industrialization. Encourage multinational corporations to invest in basic industries such as petrochemicals, chemicals and building materials, as well as in high-tech industries such as electronic information, bioengineering, new materials and aerospace. Encourage multinational companies to invest in the central and western regions. Among the top 500 multinational corporations, more than 400 have invested in China, 300 investment companies have been set up, and more than 400 R&D centers have been set up, of which more than 150 independent R&D institutions have been set up. R&D centers have shifted from developing improved and proprietary technologies for the Chinese market to developing new products for the global manufacturing system. Those multinational companies that have earlier made large investments in China and have a high share of the Chinese market have increased their investments in China. Automobiles, large-scale IT projects, large-scale petrochemical projects, cell phones, pharmaceuticals, large-scale integrated circuits and other fields have become the areas in which multinational corporations have made the most additional investments. According to the needs of global strategy, multinational corporations are further adjusting their business strategies or tactics in China, systematizing their investment projects in China, concentrating their investment geographies, diversifying their investment modes, and integrating their investment management systems, with the world's top 500 companies investing up to 2,519 projects in China. China has now become an important manufacturing base for the world's manufactured goods, and in 2001, the proportion of manufactured goods exports in the world amounted to 7.5%.
5. Efforts have been made to improve the foreign investment environment and enhance policy transparency. In particular, the soft investment environment has been greatly improved, which is a fundamental and effective way to enhance the attractiveness of foreign investment. First, the laws and regulations on foreign investment have been comprehensively cleaned up, so that the policy of absorbing foreign investment is in line with the principle of transparency. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises, and their implementing regulations (or implementing ordinances) have been revised. The relevant departments of the State Council have cleaned up more than 2,300 pieces of foreign-related economic legislation, of which 850 have been repealed and 325 have been revised. Local governments have also carried out relevant clean-up work in accordance with the requirements of the State Council. At the same time, a series of foreign investment policies and laws and regulations have been introduced and improved, and a number of laws and regulations have been formulated for absorbing foreign investors in the field of trade in services, such as the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunication Enterprises, Interim Provisions on Foreign-Invested Movie Theaters, Interim Measures for the Approval and Administration of Foreign-Invested Leasing Companies, Provisions on Foreign-Invested International Freight Forwarding Agents, and the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Insurance Companies. Secondly, we have accelerated the transformation of government functions. Further simplify the approval procedures for foreign investment and implement a standardized and standardized approval system; simplify the approval of projects, feasibility study reports, contracts and charters, reduce arbitrariness, reduce the number of management levels, and improve the approval methods for foreign investment projects; pay attention to maintaining the stability, continuity, predictability and operability of foreign investment policies, and create a good policy and legal environment, and a unified, open and fairly competitive market environment. Thirdly, national treatment is applied to foreign-invested enterprises. Restrictions on foreign exchange balancing clauses, "local content" clauses, export performance requirements and the filing of production plans for foreign-invested enterprises have been abolished; tax rates for domestic and foreign-invested enterprises have been gradually unified; various discriminatory policies and differential treatment have been abolished; and financial support for foreign-invested enterprises has been strengthened. Protect intellectual property rights and protect the rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises in accordance with the law. Standardize investment behavior, the use of modern electronic technology means to improve the effectiveness of investment.
Third, the implementation of the "going out" strategy to further expand the space for economic development
The implementation of the "going out" strategy is the central government in a profound analysis of the international and domestic political and economic situation on the basis of a major decision. In the new conditions to expand opening up to the outside world, it is necessary to "bring in" at the same time, accelerate the implementation of the "go out" strategy to open up the international market.
1. Encourage enterprises with the conditions to "go out" to carry out cross-border operations, give full play to their comparative advantages, and drive China's exports of technology, equipment, commodities and labor. Encourage and support enterprises of all types of ownership "to go out" to invest in factories outside the country, to carry out a variety of economic and technical cooperation, and make greater use of foreign resources and markets, and mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of enterprises to develop the international market. At present, China's overseas investment has taken on considerable proportions. By the end of 2002, China had set up 6,960 overseas enterprises, with a total agreed investment of US$13.78 billion, and the Chinese side's agreed investment amounted to US$9.34 billion. The number of enterprises engaged in cross-border operations in China has grown to more than 30,000 in all categories. PetroChina, Sinopec, Huayuan, Haier, Wanxiang, Yuanda Air Conditioning, New Hope, Huawei and a number of other enterprises have made important progress in developing international markets. The focus of overseas investment is shifting from Hong Kong, Macao, the Middle East, North America and a few other regions to developing countries such as Asia-Pacific, Africa and Latin America, with investment covering more than 180 countries and regions.
2. Gradually expanding the field of overseas investment, encouraging enterprises to take various forms to explore the market, and forming a diversified investment pattern. Encourage enterprises to expand from simple import and export trade, catering and labor contracting to investment in factories, overseas processing and assembly, overseas resource development, foreign contracted projects, foreign labor cooperation, the establishment of overseas research and development centers, the establishment of an international marketing network, the provision of overseas consulting services, the development of foreign agricultural cooperation, satellite communications, and many other areas. Transnational operations are carried out through joint ventures, cooperation, controlling stakes, mergers and acquisitions, technology transfer and other forms, involving industries such as trade, industry, agriculture, resource development, transportation, tourism, consulting, and contracted labor. In particular, positive progress has been made in the development and utilization of foreign oil and gas, iron ore, forests and other resources. For example, PetroChina Natural Gas Company has produced 16.23 million tons of crude oil from oil fields developed overseas, exceeding the output of the third largest oil field in the country. 2001 saw the signing of an agreement between China and Russia on an oil pipeline from Russia to China, which will see China participate in the development of Russian oil fields. CITIC Group, Jilin and Heilongjiang Provincial Forestry Groups are also investing in forest development projects in Africa, South America, New Zealand and Russia.
3. Promote the development of foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation, and increase efforts to explore the international contracting market. Encourage and support enterprises to carry out foreign design and consulting, engineering contracting and labor cooperation, focusing on driving the export of complete sets of equipment, technology and services, general contracting projects, large-scale projects and delivery of the "key" project, to promote foreign contracting and labor cooperation on a large scale, up grade. Encourage enterprises to take the contracting method from subcontracting to the construction of general contracting and "consulting design - procurement - construction" the whole process of contracting changes, project management gradually to project management, BOT and other high-level development. According to the statistics of the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, by the end of 2002, China had signed a total of 114.78 billion U.S. dollars of foreign contracting projects, and completed a turnover of 82.72 billion U.S. dollars. The contract value of foreign labor service cooperation was US$29.52 billion, the turnover was US$23.76 billion, and 2.734 million laborers were sent abroad. At present, 39 enterprises in China have entered the ranks of the world's largest 225 international contractors selected by the U.S. Engineering News Record (ENR) magazine, and 11 entered the top 200 international engineering consultants and designers. China Construction, Harbor, CNPC International, mechanical equipment, Shanghai Construction Engineering and other large-scale professional engineering companies have entered the world's top 10.
4. Improve the policies and measures to support enterprises to "go out" and create a favorable external environment. First, the development of promotional measures to improve the international competitiveness of enterprises. The establishment of enterprises abroad with material processing and assembly, foreign contracted projects bond risk special funds, export credit and export credit insurance, small and medium-sized enterprises to develop the international market funds, foreign aid joint venture cooperation fund. Give full play to the role of commercial loans, preferential loans, interest-free loans and development assistance, and encourage enterprises to bring in capital for contracting and undertake large projects abroad. Enterprises that are in a position to do so are allowed to raise funds in domestic and foreign capital markets and utilize international commercial loans to increase their capital. Secondly, we will strengthen information and policy services and guide enterprises to choose good target markets and projects. Give full play to the roles of foreign business agencies, business guilds and various intermediary organizations to provide enterprises with information, legal, financial, intellectual property rights and certification services. Accelerate the establishment of an information service network system, expand information collection channels, and provide enterprises with information on overseas business environment, policy environment, project cooperation opportunities, and partner qualifications. Third, establish a protection mechanism to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises. Fully utilize our rights in the WTO, strengthen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade consultations, and reduce and exclude all kinds of trade barriers abroad. Strengthen consular protection, formulate measures for the implementation of consular protection of foreign enterprises and personnel, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of foreign enterprises and personnel in China.
After 15 years of hard work, China's accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, which is the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in the face of economic globalization, the world's multi-polarization and further domestic reform and opening up of the requirements of a major strategic decision to promote a comprehensive, multi-level, wide-area opening up to the outside world, a major event in the process of China's reform and opening up, and a new way of comprehensively participating in economic globalization on the basis of more than 20 years of reform and opening up. It is a major event in the process of China's reform and opening up, and a new starting point for comprehensive participation in economic globalization based on more than 20 years of reform and opening up. Over the past year or so, China has begun to use its rights while fulfilling its commitments, turning challenges into opportunities, actively participating in the new round of multilateral trade negotiations, making full use of the various rights of the World Trade Organization members, and safeguarding its own legitimate rights and interests. The agricultural products, automobiles, and service industries, which were originally feared, not only have not been washed across the border, but also have gained new opportunities for development and have achieved a smooth operation. We have actively utilized WTO rules such as anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and technical standards to compete in the international market and create a better external environment. The domestic market has been opened up in an orderly manner in accordance with WTO accession commitments, and restrictions on foreign investment are being gradually removed. While tariffs are being lowered, non-tariff barriers have also been greatly reduced. Accession to the WTO, so that China's opening up to the outside world has entered a new historical stage, for the development of the national economy has injected a new impetus, a more open, more full of economic vitality and investment opportunities in the country is rising in the world.