Anhui Province, abbreviated as Anhui, is located in the northwest of East China, an inland province near the river and the sea, covering an area of 139,600 square kilometers, with a diverse topography, high in the south and low in the north. Anhui Province in the south of the Huaihe River is a subtropical monsoon climate, north of the Huaihe River is a temperate monsoon climate, the Yangtze River, Huaihe River through the territory. Anhui Province was founded in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and the name of the province was taken as the first word of the name of Anqing Province and Huizhou Province, which was combined as "Anhui". It has a long history, and has always been a place where talented people come out of the woodwork. In the 5,000 years of the Chinese nation's history has written a glorious page, leaving behind cultural treasures such as Huizhou architecture, Huizhou ink and inkstone, Huizhou opera and other cultural treasures. For China's culture has made outstanding contributions.
Geographic profile
Anhui is located in the northwest of China's East China, east of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, north of Henan, west of Hubei, south of Jiangxi, with a unique east to start the west, even the south of the north of the location advantages, known as China's Yangtze River delta hinterland. The main mountain ranges in Anhui include Dabie Mountain, Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Tianzhu Mountain. The highest peak, Mount Huangshan Lotus Peak, is 1,864 meters above sea level.
The province is about 570 kilometers long from north to south. The east-west width is about 450 kilometers. The topography and geomorphology show diversity, with the Yangtze River and Huaihe River running across Anhui. The province is naturally divided into three parts - the beautiful southern mountainous areas, the rich central plains and the fertile Huaibei Plain - and five natural regions: the Huaibei Plain, the Jianghuai Hills, the Dabie Mountainous Area in western Anhui, the River Plain, and the southern Anhui Mountainous Area.
Climatic Characteristics
Anhui Province has a remarkable monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, mild and humid all year round, and an obvious transition between north and south climate. Temperatures are generally higher in the south than in the north. Annual precipitation is higher in the south than in the north, and higher in the mountains than in the plains. The year-to-year variation in precipitation is greater in the summer months, often causing droughts and floods.
Natural Resources
Anhui Province is rich in mineral resources, among which. Limestone and rock salt rank among the top ten in the country. Biological resources in Anhui Province are rich and varied. The most famous ones are Yangtse crocodile and porpoise. There are 59 kinds of endangered animals. Forest resources are also relatively rich. The forest coverage rate reaches 30%.
Transportation
The province's highway mileage of 1,747 kilometers, east-west and north-south exit are connected to the highway; railroad mileage of 2,387 kilometers, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Kowloon, Longhai and Ningxi railroads across the territory: there are four civilian airports, with dozens of large and medium-sized cities in the country through the navigation; water transport system is developed. Wuhu, Tongling, Anqing 3 Yangtze River ports to achieve the opening of the foreign wheel.
Economic Overview
Anhui Province is one of China's major grain-producing areas, a major agricultural province. To rice, wheat to the main. Agriculture has both southern and northern production characteristics. The province's fisheries developed. Economic fish up to more than 40 kinds. Heavy industry, mainly coal, machinery, chemical industry, is one of China's coal and iron and steel production bases, forming a modern industrial system with a complete range of categories. Anhui's Gujing Gongju, rice paper, Hui ink and Hui inkstone are famous both at home and abroad, and are one of the economic pillars of the province.
Cultural customs
Anhui is a place where the cultures of the north and the south meet, where the terrain is complex, and the cultural customs are very different from those of the north and the south due to the influence of local customs. Historically, the state of Chu has ruled Anhui for more than 300 years, which has branded this place with the Chu culture. Among them, Huizhou culture is the most typical. From the late Northern Song Dynasty, Huizhou culture rose in full force, and reached its heyday during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huizhou culture is rich in connotations, Huizhou printmaking, Huizhou seal carving, Huizhou opera, Xin'an science, Huizhou park science, Xin'an medicine, Xin'an painting, Huizhou merchants, Huizhou architecture, Huizhou four carvings, Huizhou cuisine and so on, all of which show a unique style.
Provincial capital: Hefei
Hefei is located in the middle of the province, between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, along the river and near the sea, with an important location advantage of bearing the east and starting the west, connecting the central plains and linking the north and south. Hefei is a subtropical to warm temperate transition zone. Hefei has a mild climate with four distinct seasons. The city has a total area of 7,266 square kilometers. Hefei now has 3 counties and 4 districts under its jurisdiction. Hefei City has been known as "the old land of the Three Kingdoms, the hometown of Bao Zheng", with "the right lapel of the Huai throat, Jiangnan lips and teeth" strategic position, often for the soldiers to fight for the place. There are many scenic spots and monuments. There are the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's training crossbowmen teaching crossbow platform, the ancient bells ringing Mingjiao Temple, the Song Dynasty architectural style of the Baogong Ancestral Hall, Baogong Cemetery, as well as the late Qing Dynasty minister Li Hongzhang's former residence, the first governor of Taiwan, Liu Mingchuan's former residence, and so on.
"Ancient Capital of Three Dynasties": Bozhou
Bozhou is located in the northwestern part of Anhui Province, in the Yellow-Huaihai Plain, and neighboring with three provinces of Jiangsu, Lu and Henan. Bozhou before the Tang Dynasty called Qiao (Qiao County, Qiao County), since the Tang Dynasty began to call Haozhou; May 2000, approved by the State Council, the county-level Bozhou City, Bozhou City, up to prefecture-level. It has a total area of 8,394 square kilometers and a total population of 5.21 million. Bozhou is a national historical and cultural city since. Bozhou has a history of more than 3,700 years, with cultural relics and monuments all over the city and a large number of historical celebrities, making it famous as the ancient capital of three dynasties. Bozhou is one of the birthplaces of Chinese medicine culture, ranked first in the country's four major drug capital, with the country's largest professional market for Chinese herbal medicines.
Historical and cultural city: Shouxian
Shouxian is located in the center of Anhui Province. It is located in the center of Anhui Province, on the bank of Huaihe River, and was known as Shouchun in ancient times. In the Spring and Autumn for the Cai Hou Chongyi, the Warring States period Chu Kao Lie Wang, Western Han Huainan Wang and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty Yuan Shu were built in this capital. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Shouyang, in the Sui Dynasty it was called Shouzhou, and in modern times it was called Shouxian. Shouxian is an ancient city with a history of more than 2000 years. Historically, it has been a place of war. The Bakong Mountain on the outskirts of the city is the main battlefield of the famous Battle of Interfluo between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Former Qin Dynasty. In addition, Lian Po, one of the protagonists of the ancient story of the reconciliation of the generals, is also buried in Bakong Mountain. 30 kilometers south of Shouxian County is the famous Anfeng Pond, the first large pond in China, which is said to have been built by Sun Shu Ao, the prime minister of Chu, in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Shouxian cultural relics and monuments also include the Repayment Temple, the Fan Gong Ancestral Hall, the Confucius Temple, the tombs of the Warring States period, the ancient city wall of Shouxian, the Mosque, Liu An's Tomb, and the Pearl Spring. Wabu Lake Silver Fish and Wabu Shrimp are the most famous aquatic products in Shouxian. Bakongshan Tofu and the traditional pastry Dazhoujiao are famous.
Wuhu
Wuhu City is located in the southeastern part of the province, north of the Yangtze River, with an area of 3,325 square kilometers, 4 districts and 3 counties under the jurisdiction of the city, with a population of 2.31 million. Wuhu City belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate. Mineral deposits in the territory include iron, copper, limestone and so on. Industry is dominated by light textile, and machinery, shipbuilding and other categories. Agriculture is based on growing rice, rape and cotton. The Yangtze River flows through the northwestern part of the city, with a flow of more than 70 kilometers. Zhanghe River, Qingyi River and Shuiyang River flow through the plain from south to north. In between, rivers and lakes are intertwined, forming a water network polder. Wuhu Port is one of the five major ports on the Yangtze River.
Huangshan Mountain
Huangshan Mountain was known as Yishan Mountain during the Qin Dynasty, and was renamed Huangshan Mountain in the sixth year of Tianbao (747) of the Tang Dynasty. Mount Huangshan has always been known as a strange and beautiful, beautiful and colorful, is a resource-rich, ecologically intact, with important scientific and ecological environmental value of the national scenic spots and summer resort, natural landscape and humanities landscape is excellent, strange pines, strange stones, sea of clouds, hot springs is known as the four best of the Mount Huangshan.
Huizhou Pai Fang
In Huizhou District of Huangshan City (ancient Huizhou), a large number of ancient pagodas are preserved. Therefore, this place is known as the "town of pagodas". In feudal society, in order to recognize the loyalty, filial piety, integrity, righteousness and other aspects of the outstanding achievements of the officials, the government often approved the hometown of these people in the village. Construction of "merit memorial hall". Later, it was also used to honor the chastity of women within the family. Such a memorial tablet is the Chastity Plaque. To the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou arch a change in the previous wooden structure is mainly characterized by the use of stone, almost all of the material, and to the texture of the excellent "Shexian green" stone-based. This lapis lazuli house is strong, beautifully carved, tall, magnificent, is a masterpiece of the ancient Chinese house of cards in the building.
One of the four great Buddhist mountains: Jiuhua Mountain
Jiuhua Mountain is known as Lingshiyang Mountain, Jiuzhi Mountain, Tang Tianbao years renamed Jiuhua Mountain; nine peaks in the shape of a lotus flower and the name, one of the four great Buddhist mountains in China. It is located in Qingyang County in the northern part of Anhui Province, covering an area of more than 100 square kilometers. The hill is jagged and lofty, *** there are 99 peaks, of which 9 peaks, such as Tiantai, Lianhua, Tianzhu and Shiwang, are the most majestic. The main peak of Ten Kings Peak is 1,342 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of Jiuhua Mountain. The main scenic spots in the territory include the sound of Jiuzi Spring, the color of Wuxi Mountain, the cloud sea of Lianfeng, the snow of Pinggang, the dawn of Tiantai, the moon in Shu Tan, the bamboo sea of Minyuan, the ancient pine of Phoenix, and dozens of other places. Famous temples and ancient temples stand in a row, skillfully combined with the natural scenery, known as the Lotus Buddha country. The temples were first built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and at the peak of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were three to four hundred Buddhist temples, of which 78 are still in existence.
Jiangnan Cave Group
Many areas in Anhui have typical karst geomorphology development, and the suitable conditions in the Jiangnan Water Town have formed many large and small caves. The stalactites in the caves here develop to form a variety of different shapes. Coupled with the water at the bottom of the cave, it constitutes a tourist attraction with beautiful scenery. Among these caves, the most famous ones are Dawang Cave, Penglai Cave in the south of Guizhi City, and Yu Long Cave in Shitai.
Bao Gong Ancestral Hall
Bao Gong Ancestral Hall is located in Hefei City. It covers an area of about 200 square meters and is a courtyard. The statue of Bao Gong in the shrine is calm and grim, with a vast and righteous spirit. Dynasty, Ma Han, Zhang Long, Zhao Hu on both sides, and have a dragon head, tiger head, dog head three guillotine. Inside the shrine on both sides of the compartment display Bao Cemetery unearthed artifacts, including the "Family Tradition" and Bao family tree and other exhibits. Inside and outside the shrine room. There are many plaques and couplets to glorify Bao Zheng's cleanliness and selflessness.
Xidi Ancient Village
The Xidi Ancient Village is known as "the treasure of Huizhou ancient houses" and "the epitome of Chinese traditional culture". Xidi Village was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty during the Huangyou period (1049~1054), with a history of nearly 1,000 years. The whole village is in the shape of a boat, with 122 complete ancient houses preserved. The architectural layout of the dwellings is staggered and properly arranged. The gates of these Qing Dynasty residences are all made of Yixian green stone with high gatefronts, and various kinds of stone and brick door covers are located on the gatefronts. Most of the dwellings have one or more small courtyards made according to local conditions and potential. Inside the courtyard, there are flower beds and ponds, surrounded by leaky windows and low walls, decorated with stone carvings and brick carvings, and the overall architectural proportions are harmonized and the scale is appropriate, which is handsome and elegant in simplicity. Each residential unit also has a well with a green stone circle.
Hongcun
In Yixian County, there is a unique kind of village house, where the ancient people designed a cow-like residential village - Hongcun. Surrounding the whole village of mountain streams and clear springs flowing into the courtyard of each house, known as the cow intestine; and with this connected to a half-moon shaped pond, is regarded as the cow stomach: a channel of clear water from the cow stomach into the stomach of the stomach South Lake, as if into the magnificent tripe of the cow. Along the rivers and settlements, is the ancient people have long developed living habits, and this kind of water into the village into the spring, into the courtyard of the elaborate design. Not only to meet the convenience of water, but also shows the beautification of the environment, climate regulation and other higher level of conception and pursuit.
Xuguo stone
Shexian mountain city ancient Huizhou, which the Ming Dynasty houses, pagodas, ancestral halls known as the Shexian ancient architecture of the three best. Xu Guo Pagoda is a cross-street stands, strange and unique ancient Pagoda, for the Chinese ancient stone Pagoda architecture in a rare example. Most of the four-legged pagoda. Xu Guo stone workshop is eight feet, also known as eight-foot pagoda. Built in the 12th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1584), the stone house is in the shape of a mouth, with three floors and four sides and eight pillars. The main building is divided into three floors. The uppermost floor by the arch bearing heshan roof eaves, the mountain side attached to the building each out of two layers of eaves. Stone Square body for the hard stone carved from the imitation wood building. Stone Square carved on all four sides of the double-dragon disk edge, engraved with Dong Qichang's book, "Enrong", "the first learning after the minister", "University scholar", "Shao Bao and Prince Crown Prince The Ministry of Rites and the Prince Crown Prince Xu Guo" and other inscriptions, showing the identity of the commemorated, such as merit. Carved on the stone flying dragons and beasts, colorful phoenixes and birds. Realistic appearance.
Tianzhushan
Tianzhushan's name is due to the peaks of the clouds and sky, as high as a pillar and get, also known as the Qianshan, Wanshan. The main peak of Tianzhu Mountain, Tianzhu Peak, with an altitude of 1,488 meters, is known as a pillar in the sky. The mountain is covered with mountains, thousands of rocks and gullies, covered with pines, bamboos, strange rocks, strange holes, waterfalls and deep pools. Buddhist temples and Taoist temples coexist in the mountain, which has become one of the famous Taoist mountains in China.
Langya Mountain
Langya Mountain covers an area of about 115 square kilometers, the mountain remains since the Tang and Song Dynasty, a number of cliffs, monuments and ancient buildings. Famous poets such as Wei Yingwu, Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu all wrote poems praising its beauty. The Drunken Master Pavilion, also known as the Pavilion of Prayer, was built during the Qingli period of the Song Dynasty (1041~1048). It was built by Zhixian, a monk of Langya Temple at that time, for Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer.
"Modern Song Street": Tunxi Old Street
Tunxi Old Street is located in the southwest corner of Huangshan City, is the city's best surviving commercial street of the Song Dynasty, more than 400 years ago, rare in the country. Modern "Song Street" reputation. Most of the houses along the street are two-storey, with three-storey houses, with stores downstairs and apartments upstairs. Along both sides of the street there are teahouses, hotels, bookstores, ink farms, shopping malls, more than 260 rooms, more than 200 stalls of various colors. The facade is mostly single door, 3~5 meters wide. Inside, it is deep and continuous with many entrances, and the inner courtyards are linked by ornate patios. Generally, it is a front store and a back storehouse, with the street in front and the river at the back.