2, organizing the drafting of the city's comprehensive administrative law enforcement related to urban management of local laws and regulations, study and put forward to improve the city's comprehensive administrative law enforcement system of urban management views and measures.
3, responsible for the city's urban management supervision of administrative law enforcement guidance, coordination and organization of scheduling.
4, responsible for the city's urban management supervision of administrative law enforcement team supervision and assessment work.
5, is responsible for the city's municipal facilities, urban utilities, urban water conservation and parking lot management in the professional administrative law enforcement; is responsible for the city management supervision team administrative law enforcement across the region and the leadership of the investigation and handling of major cases.
6, is responsible for the city's urban management supervision and administrative law enforcement system of organizational construction, style of construction, team building, as well as honesty and diligence construction work.
7, hosting the municipal government and the municipal management of other matters assigned by the Committee.
Comprehensive administrative law enforcement agencies centralized urban management to exercise the right to administrative penalties, including municipal environmental health, urban planning and management (penalties for illegal construction without a license), road traffic order (illegal road penalties), industrial and commercial administration (penalties for unlicensed business), municipal management, public utilities management, urban water management, parking management, landscape management, environmental protection management, construction site management (including the demolition of construction site management). Management (including demolition site management), urban river and lake management, black cars, black guides and other 13 aspects.
Security coordinator is an important auxiliary force of the people's police force, by the Public Security Bureau unified implementation of militarized management. The main task is to assist the public security organs to do a good job of social security work. Co-worker wages by the financial allocation, and pay the "three gold" (pension, unemployment insurance, medical insurance), by the Public Security Bureau uniformly issued clothing and police equipment.
I, China's security services industry, the historical development, the current situation and characteristics
(A) China's security services industry, the historical development. The history of China's security services industry can be traced back to feudal society. Ming and Qing dynasties had a "dart board", "dart line", is then specialized in escorting people escorting valuables or goods of an industry. After the Republic of China, due to the war, coupled with the old security services in a simple, inefficient way, so that the dart board and other industries lost the market and disappeared. After the founding of New China, in order to strengthen the security work of the institutions and units, the institutions and units have set up internal security organizations for the purpose of safety and security, and at the same time, the institutions, units and the social security system has been formed by the group defense. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, with the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party in 1978, the focus of the Party's work was comprehensively shifted to the construction of socialist modernization, and there was a growing demand for social security. In this broad historical background, in December 1984, China's first contemporary enterprise nature of the "security services company" was born in Shenzhen Shekou Industrial Zone. January 1985, the National Conference on Politics and Law summed up the experience of Shenzhen's first security services company, security services companies in large and medium-sized cities throughout the country as a spring The security service companies have mushroomed in large and medium-sized cities all over the country. By the end of 2005, the number of security service companies approved by the public security organs of the provincial people's governments had reached 2,258, and the number of security guards had grown to nearly 1,030,000, with more than 40,000 security guards in 12 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, such as Guangdong, Beijing, Liaoning, Shanghai, Sichuan, and so on. At present, the number of full-time security guards in Guangdong Province, Liaoning Province and Beijing has reached between 141,000 and 110,000 respectively. Since 2006 alone, Beijing has cleaned up 91 informal security enterprises through the form of enterprise joining, and developed a new security force of 3.4 million people; Liaoning has developed a new security force of 3.7 million people. Shandong plans to develop 50,000 security personnel in 2006, and so on.
In the security services enterprises continue to develop at the same time, the security services industry organizations also came into being. April 9, 1992, the Minister of Public Security will study the decision: agreed to prepare for the establishment of the "China Security Association. On December 31 of the same year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs registered the establishment of the China Security Association (CSA), and on October 8, 1996, with the approval of the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Asian Professional Security Association (APSA) China Chapter was established. China Security Association formally joined the Asian Security Association, marking the Chinese security industry formally with the world.
(ii) the current situation of China's security services industry. China's modern security services industry is in the context of reform and opening up, in order to adapt to the three enterprises and all sectors of society on the rapid increase in demand for security and increasingly diversified and the emergence of the end of 1984, Shekou, Shenzhen, the first national first security services company; April 1, 1986, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau set up the Beijing Municipal Safety Services Company, the nature of its "for the Public Security Bureau under the establishment of 50 people, and the implementation of the security services company, the public security bureau, the public security bureau. The nature of its "for the Public Security Bureau under the establishment of 50 institutions, the implementation of enterprise management, self-financing.
After more than 20 years of development, the security service industry in the number of enterprises, the size of the staff has been a great development. 2004 national security services company's operating income has reached 7.5 billion yuan, realizing profits and taxes of nearly 1 billion. Many large companies have a turnover of more than 500 million yuan a year, Shanghai has reached 1 billion yuan, in the realization of social benefits at the same time, the economic benefits of significant growth.
Security services have now become attractive labor-intensive social occupational categories. 1999, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to the security personnel included in the national occupational sequence (No. 3-02-02-01), security has clearly become an occupational category. Security personnel are listed in two categories, 329 types of work, including managers and professional and technical personnel (not service, production staff positions) serial number 124, security guards serial number 125. security services have been formally recognized by national law and the public.
(3) the basic characteristics of China's security services industry. Since the mid-1980s, after the emergence of the first security service company in China with the purpose of providing commercial security services to customers, the development of the security service industry has been exceptionally rapid, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects of the characteristics:
1. The security service company has been developing in the direction of socialization from specialization to the formation of a security service company under the supervision of the government as the leader and security service enterprises operated by all kinds of forces in the society as the auxiliary, with a variety of security service companies as the leader and security service enterprises operated by all kinds of forces in the society as the auxiliary. The security service enterprises as a subsidiary of a variety of ownership, a variety of management modes of the main body of the security services of the pattern. China's security service companies were initially dependent on the public security organs, and the official security service companies were all set up by the public security organs; although the relevant legal provisions require them to separate their functions from those of the organizing units and not to become subordinate to the public security organs, the relationship between the two has not yet been fully clarified by law. According to the Ministry of Public Security in July 1988 issued a "report on the formation of security service companies" provisions: the formation of security service companies shall be examined and approved by the county and municipal public security organs, and in accordance with the provisions of the industrial and commercial administrative organs to apply for registration, the approval of the registration of the issuance of a business license before the business. A security service company is a service-oriented enterprise that undertakes security services for its clients and provides security consulting services, and is economically independent and self-financing. The competent authorities of security service companies are the public security organs, and their business activities are guided and supervised by the public security organs. The security service companies formed are the most central component of the security service enterprises in China at present. On the issue of other subjects to open security service companies or engage in security service business, at least at present the relevant legal provisions there are incongruities and inconsistencies.
With the continuous development of the socialist market economy, the public is increasingly concerned about their own personal safety, property security, etc., the market demand for security services is also growing. In this case, in addition to the formal security service companies in accordance with the law to provide security services to customers, some social organizations or residential communities began to hire their own security personnel to maintain order, and many without prior permission from the public security organs of the business organization also intervened in the security services market. In Beijing, for example, in addition to the Beijing Municipal General Security Service Company and its subsidiaries providing the public with the necessary human and technical security services, other forms of security service organizations or other forms of security services have also emerged. Currently there are about 110,000 or so security personnel under the name of the Beijing Municipal Security Services General Corporation, and the number of informal security personnel far exceeds the number of formal security personnel. With the expansion of market demand and changes in the legal conditions for business registration, coupled with the lagging of the relevant legal provisions, another reality has developed in which a number of companies engaged in the business of providing security services have been registered without the approval of the public security authorities, but have gone to the industrial and commercial authorities to register, generally in the name of consulting and training. The industrial and commercial authorities began to liberalize the business scope of registered enterprises in 2003, and such changes have led to the birth of a number of companies engaged in the security services business without the approval of the public security authorities. there were more than 100 such companies in Beijing in early 2004, and they can be managed either at the behest of the public security authorities or without. In addition, property security is established in accordance with the Property Management Regulations. That is to say, the security guards provided by the property companies themselves are authorized to carry out services in their own property districts. There are currently about 2,500 property companies in Beijing, employing 50,000 security personnel. The services of the security personnel hired by the property company can only be in the neighborhood, and they cannot hire their own security guards to outside organizations. In addition, various enterprises and institutions do not hire commercial security guards internally, and they recruit or use their own employees to engage in the security business and perform internal security work, but they are not of the same nature as security cadres. There are currently about 60,000 such internal security personnel. There are also security personnel employed by business owners in entertainment venues, this part of the community is very influential, there are currently about 20,000 people.
So, at a rough count, the security personnel currently provided by formal security service companies approved and recognized by the public security organs account for only one-third of the total number of security personnel actually engaged in various types of security service business, and two-thirds of the security personnel belong to informal channels of employment. Nationwide, the ratio of security personnel provided through formal channels to those provided through informal channels is roughly comparable to the situation in Beijing. According to statistics, there are currently 2,258 security service companies nationwide that have been organized and managed with the approval of the public security organs themselves, and the number has reached 1.03 million. There are also about 3 million security guards at property companies under the supervision of public security organs, security guards at shopping malls, and security guards at some other places or enterprises that have built their own security guards.
2. The service scope of security services is also expanding day by day, gradually expanding from general social security services to special forms of security services, forming a security service business system in which various forms of security services coexist. The traditional security service business is mainly to provide human defense services, that is, to help customers solve the problem of security protection by providing them with security personnel. The security services provided by security personnel are generally limited to alerting, patrolling and assisting clients in maintaining security order. With the expansion of security service business, technical defense business and consulting and training business have gradually become important items of security service. The service scope of China's security services has also been expanded to a series of comprehensive security service product systems mainly based on human defense services and supplemented by technical defense services. Since the establishment of the first security service company in Shekou, Shenzhen in 1984, China's security industry has gone through 22 years of development. During this period, the security business has developed from a single manpower prevention to an all-round security service network integrating human defense, technical defense, dog defense, escort, security consulting and labor export. Beijing Security Services Corporation, for example, the current scope of business includes: the provision of security services, the stationing of security personnel; security personnel training; the provision of security information consulting; the design and installation of security technology prevention equipment; sales and maintenance of security technology prevention equipment, and so on.
It is worth noting that China's security service companies to the public and customers to provide security services, has long been part of the franchise program, security service enterprises must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the law of the services provided by the way and content of the services provided to customers. The Ministry of Public Security on the standardization and management of security service companies of a number of provisions: security services company's business scope are: (1) enterprises and institutions, organizations, residential areas, public **** place of security guarding; (2) currency, securities, gold and silver jewelry, cultural relics, works of art, and other heavy materials and explosives, chemicals and other dangerous goods escort; (3) exhibitions, exhibitions, sports, commercial and other (3) exhibitions, exhibitions, cultural and sports, commercial and other security activities; (4) research and development, promote the application of various types of security products, undertake various types of security systems engineering, and provide the appropriate technical services; (5) security consulting services. In addition, the regulations also clearly stipulate that security service companies shall not engage in the following activities: (1) providing personal security services; (2) operating various types of firearms, ammunition, control knives and other instruments; (3) operating the people's police symbols, uniformed clothing and police equipment. Security service companies shall not engage in non-security business, shall not engage in production and trade activities, shall not accept business affiliation, shall not be extended to run businesses.
However, in general, it seems that at present, China's various types of security service companies to provide security services business, the proportion of human defense services is relatively large. Beijing Security Services Corporation's income, for example, labor-intensive security services income accounted for 94.6%; technology and capital-intensive technical preventive business income accounted for only 2.85%; escort services business is even smaller. Therefore, China's security services enterprises are still basically labor-intensive service enterprises, the types of products and services provided, although complete, but the proportion of different types of product distribution is not balanced, the potential for self-development of the enterprise is not very large, but also need to further optimize the structure of the products and services of the security services enterprises and economic benefits, and to increase the enterprise's own hematopoietic function.
3. The scale and number of service objects of security services have also been increasing, and have basically covered all kinds of social customers. Security services are initially the object of service is a number of three-funded enterprises, residential communities and hotels, tourist resorts and other security problems are more prominent, relying on their own security forces can not effectively solve the security protection units and places. With the continuous development of the socialist market economy, the public has gradually recognized the commercial form of security services, and more and more fields have begun to generate demand for commercial security services. At present, security service companies or other security service organizations can provide customers with a range of services related to the verification of guards, internal security patrols and inspections, the maintenance of order at target-guardian-type activities and meetings, the escort of materials, the design, research and development of security products, the construction of security projects, and the guarding of facilities (alarm services), and so on. Security service companies through the signing of security service contracts and labor service contracts with customers between the way, has established a close contact with all walks of life in the community security services customer network. Some important state organs, head departments and military strongholds have started to use commercial security guards to make up for the insufficiency of their own security protection force in maintaining daily order or security guards. For example, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, folk dart board has attracted customers of the hard "three strokes". The team members are Yiwu local youth, well-trained, agile, escort money when the permit on duty, 3 people in a group, wearing bulletproof vests, helmets, holding shields, electric batons, the use of specialized vehicles and safes, and in the protection of the money in the car equipped with GPS satellite positioning system and other advanced facilities; and customers to sign an agreement on protection of the money, at the same time with the insurance company signed the protection of the money insurance contract, agreed that in the event of an accident, that is, by the insurance company It is agreed that once an accident occurs, the insurance company will pay for the loss, and the maximum annual compensation is 3 million yuan, and the maximum compensation is 1.5 million yuan at one time; according to the needs of customers, it constantly improves the process of money protection and develops new business. Yiwu Security Service Company was the first in the country to launch a paid escort service, not only to make the company's escort business from zero to 2.2 billion yuan a year, but also to make the local "two robberies" cases have dropped significantly, which followed the bank withdrawals of people robbing the case is nearly extinct. Of course, in the process of popularization of security services customers, there are some to protect the personal safety of private enterprise owners as the main task of the "private bodyguard" and other phenomena, triggering some new social problems, resulting in the public on the issue of private bodyguard of a different understanding, which is the need for serious study and treatment.
4. Security service companies in the service mode adhere to the combination of social services and auxiliary police services, in the pursuit of economic benefits at the same time, the social benefits of the security service companies also focus on the pursuit of corporate goals. Security service company's business service projects and security service activities and the work of the public security organs have close links, its social function is to maintain social security and public order. According to the provisions of the Report on the Formation of Security Service Companies ([88] Gongfa No. 14) issued by the Ministry of Public Security in July 1988, security work is, operationally, under the leadership of the public security organs. In a broad sense, all security service activities are of an auxiliary police nature. Security organization of certain security service work, some of the security business such as traffic, security patrol, community protection are directly under the management of the public security organs. The role of security services in China's current auxiliary police is very significant. The Beijing Municipal Security Services Corporation, for example, has promulgated the Regulations for the Administration of Auxiliary Police Duties, the Measures for the Administration of Receiving and Handling of Alarms by Fixed-Point Networked Alarm Systems, and the Measures for Security Guards to Picket, and so on. However, there are also the problems of heavy auxiliary police duties for security service companies, excessive non-reimbursable inputs from security service companies, and increased burdens on enterprises. From a national perspective, security personnel in the auxiliary police to maintain public order, find clues to crime and so on have made gratifying achievements.
5. At present, China's security services market has not been fully open to foreign security service companies, the development of security services are still protected by certain special policies. China's security services market for a long time is mainly internal security services market, even when it comes to foreign heads of state. Even when it comes to foreign heads of state, foreign enterprises and other related human security services, it is also the domestic security service companies that provide the related service business. There is a branch of Beijing Security Services Corporation that specializes in foreign affairs services. In recent years, some foreign security service enterprises have begun to engage in some security consulting and marketing of security technology and preventive products in China, and some foreign enterprises have even tried to enter the field of financial escort in China. Along with this, the debate on whether foreign capital can enter the security industry has never stopped. 2006, according to China's commitment to join the WTO, China will liberalize the security services market. However, certain areas of the security services market are subject to restrictive regulations for foreign security companies. The person in charge of the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security on the security services market to foreign enterprises to open up things had a clear statement: "such as riot guns, because in our country firearms and gun control has always been more stringent, even if the foreign security enterprises to enter China's security market, armed escort with guns in the aspect of some restrictions." How the security services market will be opened up to foreign companies is still in the research and exploration stage.
6. The way of management of security service companies by government authorities is changing and transitioning from a management mode in which there is no separation between government and enterprises to a mode in which government authorities mainly supervise and manage security service companies. China's security service companies from the inception of the beginning, completely attached to the public security organs. 2000 "the Ministry of Public Security on the standardization of security service company management of a number of provisions" stipulates that: security service companies can only be set up by the public security organs, any other units, departments, individuals may not be set up. Municipalities directly under the Central Government and provincial capitals, as well as the public security bureaux of provincial municipalities and county (city) level public security bureaux, may establish security service companies. Security service companies are under the unified leadership and management of the public security organs of the people's government. The public security administration department of the public security organs is the competent authority of the security service company, on behalf of the public security organs to implement the management and supervision of the security service industry, to regulate the direction of the operation of the security service industry, and to guide the construction of the security forces.
Thus, based on the subordinate relationship between the public security organs and the security service companies they run, although it is stipulated in the legal documents that the security service companies shall not bear the name of the public security organs, they shall be treated as independent legal entities, and shall carry out independent accounting, operate independently, and bear independent civil liabilities. The public security organs and security service companies are completely delinked economically; they may not transfer or occupy the company's assets, reimburse or withdraw expenses from the company in any way, or provide the company with any form of economic guarantee. In practice, however, security service companies run by the public security organs are not only closely linked in terms of their ownership relationship, but the public security organs are in fact the property owners of the security service companies. In addition, the public security organs fully influence the business activities of the security service companies by sending public security officers into the management of the security service companies. This is also clearly stipulated in the Ministry of Public Security's Regulations on the Standardized Management of Security Service Companies. Security service companies should be registered with the administration for industry and commerce, and candidates for legal representatives of the company must be vetted by the public security administration of the public security organs. Active leaders and cadres of the public security organs are not permitted to work part-time in security service companies. Civilian police officers selected from public security organs to work in security service companies may retain their police status, but may not wear police uniforms. During the period of working in a security service company, promotion in rank and title is the same as that of other civilian police, and only one head of salary and welfare benefits can be selected. In the case of the Beijing Municipal Security Services Corporation, for example, from December 1996 onwards, the Beijing Municipal Security Services Corporation had hung the sign of the Security Administration Department of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and was authorized as a departmental-level institution. In 2003, the security administration function was separated from the business operation function, and the security service company became a pure business unit. At present, the Beijing Municipal Security Services Corporation is managed by the Beijing Municipal Internal Security Bureau Security Division, the two have not been truly decoupled from the management system, there are still inextricably linked legal links in terms of people, finances and goods, and this complex relationship also impedes to some extent the security services company's independent operation and development.
7. Security service companies are from the property rights of the fuzzy collective ownership or state ownership of the property rights system gradually to the direction of the development of the private sector, security services industry to provide social security services are constantly moving towards marketization, standardization. According to the State Council retained administrative licensing program ["The State Council on the need to retain the administrative examination and approval of the project to set administrative licensing decisions", "the General Office of the State Council on the retention of part of the non-administrative licensing examination and approval of the project notification" (State Council Office of the State Council [2004] No. 62), "the establishment of the approval of the security training institutions" for the retention of administrative licensing program, "Approval for Establishment of Security Service Enterprises" is a retained non-administrative licensing approval item, and security service is still a franchised project. In addition, there are strict regulations governing the approval and management of escort services, especially armed escort services. The Interim Provisions on the Administration of Security Escort Companies, issued by the Ministry of Public Security as Document No. 41 of 2005, contains strict provisions on escort vehicles, registered capital and the use of firearms. Therefore, although informal channels of security service enterprises or organizations have appeared in the society, due to the relevant policies and documents restricting many important security service businesses to franchised projects, apart from formal security service companies which can be involved in all areas of security service business, other types of security service enterprises or organizations are actually engaged in a very limited range of security service businesses, which are mostly restricted to Most of them are confined to the provision of human defense services to their clients. Therefore, there is still a lack of the necessary market competition mechanism for the security service business in the non-personal defense field. In order to truly open up the market, especially to cope with the need to open up the security service market to the WTO member countries in 2006, it is necessary to abolish the unnecessary restriction on the operation license of the security service, and to restrict the franchising to individual fields only.
In short, the development of China's current security services industry is the public security organs at all levels of the establishment of the security services company as the main body of the security services provided by the property security and other social organizations to provide security services as a supplement to the business security services and internal security services with a combination of a comprehensive security services system. Due to the influence of the traditional system, the current security services, firstly, have not yet been opened up to foreign enterprises, and secondly, many important security service businesses are franchised projects, coupled with the fact that security service companies are mainly focused on labour-intensive manpower defence services, so the security service industry has not yet been fully marketized. In addition, it is still difficult for private capital to enter the security service market, the object of security service has not been extended to the field of private security service, the general cultural quality of security personnel is low, there is a lack of relevant laws and regulations in the system, and there is a lack of the necessary national service standards and industry service standards, so, no matter whether it is from the perspective of the management system, or from the perspective of the institutionalization and standardization of the security service industry, the security service industry need to further improve and sound the relevant legal system on the basis of vigorous development, and gradually mature.