The subjects involved in e-commerce include e-commerce platform operators, operators within the platform, self-built website operators, operators selling goods or providing services through other information networks, electronic payment service providers, express delivery service providers, and consumers.
E-commerce operators include legal persons, unincorporated organizations and natural persons who sell goods or provide services through e-commerce platforms, social platforms, live broadcasting platforms and other Internet information networks.
2. Business tourism also belongs to tourism illustrates the concept of tourism has
Concept 1:People Americans demand for tourism products to meet their desire to travel abroad. Divided into: (1) effective or realistic tourism demand; (2) binding tourism demand (binding tourism demand can be divided into potential tourism demand and delayed tourism demand). Concept 2: It is the quantity of tourism product that a tourist is willing and able to purchase in a certain currency within a certain period of time. In short, it is the demand for tourism products by tourists. The meaning of tourism demand can be understood and grasped at several levels, namely: (1) tourism demand is expressed as the desire of tourists to buy tourism products; (2) tourism demand is the purchasing power of tourism products expressed by tourists; (3) tourism demand is the effective demand in the tourism market.
3. Tourism e-commerce application subjects include
Tourism e-commerce refers to the network as the main body of the tourism information database and e-commerce bank as the basis for the use of the most advanced electronic means of operation of the tourism industry and its distribution system of business systems. Tourism e-commerce for the majority of tourism counterparts to provide an Internet platform.
Using advanced computer network and communication technology as well as the basic environment of e-commerce, it integrates the internal and external resources of tourism enterprises, expands the dissemination and promotion of tourism information, realizes the online release and sale of tourism products, and provides a platform of *** enjoying the knowledge, enhancing the exchange and interaction of the network operation mode for the travelers and tourism enterprises.
4. What is the main application of tourism business
Tourism e-commerce refers to the network as the main body of the tourism information database and e-commerce bank as the basis for the use of the most advanced electronic means of operation of the tourism industry and its distribution system of business systems. Tourism e-commerce for the majority of tourism counterparts to provide an Internet platform. This is the official explanation. Essentially, it is through the network to eat vegetarian, live, travel, entertainment six major tourism projects for purchase and sale, to meet the needs of tourists, saving business costs.
5. Tourism e-commerce application of the main body includes what
I. Business (trade, e-commerce) category
1. Department stores (daily necessities, clothing, shoes and hats, leather products, toys, detergents, cosmetics, skin care products, photographic equipment, audio equipment and equipment, sporting goods, adult products, etc.). )
2. Cultural and office supplies (paper products, paper, office equipment, office supplies) and so on.
3. Packaging materials, etc..
4. Crafts (handicrafts, gold and silver jewelry, silverware, silver products, jewelry) and so on.
5. Chemical raw materials and products (except dangerous goods), chemical reagents, chemical department stores and so on.
6. Hardware and electric appliances (home appliances, bicycles, electric cars, automotive supplies, automobile parts, auto parts, automobile accessories, steel wire rope, valves, fittings, bearings, etc.). )
7. Electronic products, communication equipment, communication equipment (except satellite dish), telecommunication equipment, telecommunication electrical materials, instruments and meters, wire and cable.
8. Electromechanical equipment and accessories (power tools, refrigeration equipment, compressors and accessories, work machines), machinery and equipment, and accessories.
9. Computers, computer software and accessories, printed matter, etc.
10. Pre-packaged food, etc.
11. Plastic products (rubber products, plastic products), metal products, glass instruments and so on.
12. Building materials (metal materials, steel, stone, yellow sand, wood), non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, etc.
13. Decoration materials (plumbing and heating equipment, sanitary ware, ceramic products), architectural hardware, etc.
14. Furniture (office furniture, furniture supplies, etc.). ;
15. Textiles (textile raw materials, textile decorative fabrics, knitted fabrics, etc.). ;
16. Hotel equipment, hotel supplies, etc.
17.Fertilizers, etc.
18.Primary agricultural products sales, etc.
19. Outdoor goods, etc.
20. Sports equipment, fitness equipment, etc.
21. Medical equipment (Class 1, Class 2, Class 3).
3. Internet engineering construction, commissioning and maintenance;
4. Internet operation and promotion, advertising agency;
5. Wholesale and sales of electronic products and accessories;
6. Sales, construction and technical services of security monitoring products;
7. Sales, installation and services of electromechanical products;
8. Office Wholesale and sales of machinery and office supplies;
9. Engaged in the import and export of goods and technology.
6. The main forms of business tourism
In my opinion, the so-called tourism resources are the basis of tourism. Tourism resources are mainly divided into natural landscape resources and human landscape resources.
Natural landscape resources also include mountains, canyons, forests, volcanoes, rivers, lakes, beaches, hot springs, climate and so on. Landscape resources include historical and cultural monuments, ancient buildings, ethnic customs, modern architecture, food and shopping, culture and art, sports and entertainment.
Natural resources: natural geographic elements are the main attractions, as well as sightseeing, recuperation, entertainment, sports and other attractions. These elements are either monolithic or a combination of monolithic elements, or certain elements are dominant and others are supplementary to form tourism resources.
Landscape category: mountain ranges, karst landscapes, wind and sand landforms, seashore beaches, special geological phenomena and geomorphological types.
Waterscape - rivers, lakes, waterfalls, springs, streams, glaciers, coasts, etc.
Biological landscape - forests, grasslands, rare species of trees, exotic flowers and plants, rare birds and animals.
Climate and celestial landscape suitable for summer cold, healing and therapy, as well as special astronomical landscapes, such as the sunrise on Mount Tai, Mount Lushan waterfalls, Mount Huangshan Sea of Clouds, Buddha Emei s light, mirage in the desert, polar aurora and so on. Which can not want to meet, but often appear.
Humanities tourism resources: refers to the ancient and modern human creation of the material entity that can attract people for tourism activities, or myths, legends, anecdotes of famous people.
Historical artifacts - at historical sites, architectural sites, grottoes and stone carvings, and so on.
Culture and its carriers mainly include special folk rituals, customs, festivals, national arts and crafts, and so on. See, feel and participate in them.
Religious resources: mainly includes two main categories, one is the excursion religious architecture and art, such as altars, temples, temples, large statues with the color of Personality of God, as well as decorations, sculptures, murals, couplets, inscriptions and so on. The second is the places of religious activities created by these religious buildings and arts themselves. For example, the clergy of various religions preach and seek the law, but also a large number of modern tourists visit religious temples and Taoist temples for the purpose of seeking God and worshipping Buddha.
Urban and rural features: historical and cultural cities with visual images, unique modern urban scenery, fresh and simple rural scenery, ancient towns and villages.
Modern man-made facilities: large-scale projects and cultural facilities with characteristics, scale, special significance and influence.
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7. The consumers of business tourism products are mainly
The four main elements of e-commerce are shopping malls, consumers, products and logistics.
1. Buying and selling: the major online platforms provide consumers with high-quality and low-priced goods, attracting consumers to buy and prompting more merchants to move in.
Cooperation: establish cooperation with logistics companies to provide consumers with the ultimate guarantee that the purchase behavior is one of the hard conditions of e-commerce operations.
3. Service: logistics, one of the three elements of e-commerce, is mainly to provide consumers with purchasing services so as to realize another transaction.
8. Key elements of business travel
You have to have a travel permit and you have your own route. You are penalized for crossing the border. Its not easy to take orders now.
1. Identified as a cross wiring:
755-79000 Article 70 Passenger transport operators, freight transport operators in violation of the provisions of this regulation, one of the following circumstances, by the road transport management agencies at or above the county level and ordered to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 1,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan or less; the circumstances are serious, by the original licensing authority to revoke the road transport business license:
(a) does not stop at an approved passenger terminal or does not follow the prescribed route or published frequency;
II. Marked as unl
Article 64 Violation of the provisions of these regulations, without obtaining a road transport operation permit to engage in road transport operations, by the road transport management agencies at or above the county level shall order the cessation of operations; if there is any illegal income, confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine of two to ten times the amount of the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or if the illegal income is less than 20,000 yuan, impose a fine of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan; constitutes a crime. Fines; constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility.
9. Who is the subject of the application of tourism commerce
Types of e-commerceBased on the object of e-commerce, e-commerce can be divided into four types:1. B2B (business-to-business e-commerce):Commercial activities carried out between businesses using the Internet or various business networks, such as ordering goods from suppliers, receiving goods and making payments.2. B2C (business organization-to-consumer B2C (Business Organization to Consumer E-commerce):E-commerce activities between businesses and consumers. This type of e-commerce is mainly an online selling activity with the help of the Internet.3. C2A (Consumer-to-Administration e-commerce): e-commerce activity between the government and individuals. This kind of e-commerce activity has not really taken shape yet.4. B2A (e-commerce between business organizations and administrative agencies):e-commerce activities between businesses and government agencies. For example, the government will publicize the details of procurement on the Internet and invite bids through online tenders, and businesses will also invite bids through electronic means. In addition, the government can manage the administrative affairs of enterprises through such e-commerce, for example, the government issues import and export licenses and conducts statistics through e-commerce, and enterprises can pay taxes and refunds online. E-commerce is categorized according to the objects involved in e-commerce transactions, the content of goods involved in e-commerce transactions, and the type of network used by enterprises engaged in e-commerce. (1) Classification according to the object involved in the transaction According to the classification of the object involved in the e-commerce transaction, e-commerce can be divided into the following three types: 1. E-commerce between businesses and consumers (business-to-customer is B-to-C). This is a form of direct participation in economic activities by consumers using the Internet, similar to electronic retail commerce. With the advent of the World Wide Web, online sales have grown rapidly. Currently, there are many kinds of virtual stores and virtual businesses on the Internet that provide a variety of services related to the sale of goods. Goods bought and sold through online stores can be materialized, such as books, flowers, clothing, food, cars, TVs, etc.; they can also be digitized, such as news, music, movies, databases, software, and a variety of knowledge-based products; and they also provide a variety of services, such as arranging tours, on-line medical diagnostics, and distance learning.2. Business-to-business e-commerce (business-to-business is B-to-B).The B2B model is the most important and most valuable form of e-commerce. Enterprises can use the Internet or other networks to find the best partner for each transaction and complete all transaction behaviors from ordering to settlement, including ordering from suppliers, signing contracts, accepting invoices, and making payments through electronic fund transfers, letters of credit, bank collections, etc. The B2B model is the most important and valuable form of e-commerce. As well as other issues in the business process, such as claims, merchandise delivery management and transportation tracking. Enterprise e-commerce has a large volume of business and requires a complex hardware and software environment, but is developing fastest on the basis of the success of EDI commerce.3. E-commerce between business and government (business-to-government B-to-G). This kind of commerce covers all matters between enterprises and government organizations. For example, the approval of various procedures between business and government, the government publishes a list of purchases through the Internet, and business responds electronically: the government taxes business and electronic transactions through electronic exchanges on the Internet. It has become a means and method of open government affairs. (ii) Classification according to the content of goods involved in the transaction. If categorized according to the content of goods involved in e-commerce exchanges, e-commerce consists of two main types of business activities.1. Indirect e-commerce e-commerce involves the electronic ordering of tangible goods, such as flowers, books, foodstuffs, automobiles, and so on. The goods traded need to be delivered through traditional channels such as postal services and commercial courier services. Indirect e-commerce therefore relies on external factors such as delivery transportation systems.2. Direct e-commerceE-commerce involves intangible goods and services such as online ordering, payment and delivery of computer software and entertainment content, or information services on a global scale. Direct e-commerce enables parties to trade directly across geographical boundaries and to realize the full potential of the global marketplace.
Currently, most domestic agricultural Web sites belong to this category, but still true direct e-commerce. (C) categorized according to the type of network used for e-commerce. According to the different network type framework used by enterprises engaged in e-commerce, e-commerce can be divided into the following three forms: 1. EDI network e-commerce (Electronic Data Interchange). EDI according to recognized standards and protocols for the standardization and formatting of documents involved in business activities, and through the computer network in the trading partners of the exchange of data between the computer network system and automatic processing of data. EDI is mainly used for wholesale business between companies, between companies and wholesalers, and between wholesalers and retailers. E-commerce (EDI) has been greatly developed in the 1990s, and the technology is relatively mature. However, due to its high requirements on management, capital and technology, it is not very popular so far.2. Internet e-commerce (Internet network). It refers to e-commerce activities using the Internet network that connects the world. Various forms of e-commerce business can be carried out on the Internet, involving a very wide range of areas, all the world's enterprises and individuals can participate in it. It is developing rapidly and has very attractive prospects. It is the main form of e-commerce at present.3. Intranet network e-commerce (intranet network). It refers to e-commerce activities within a large enterprise or an industry, forming a chain of business activities that can greatly improve efficiency and reduce business costs. For example, the homepage of the People's Patent Office s*** and the country, where customers can find all the information and business processes related to China's patents, is an application of e-commerce in government office affairs; the homepage of Shanghai's Nanjing Road Street has been opened, including the main stores on Nanjing Road. Customers can visit the famous Nanjing Road Commercial Street in Shanghai and shop at the online stores on Nanjing Road in the form of e-commerce. The already opened homepage of Beijing Book Building allows customers to inquire and buy hundreds of thousands of books operated by Beijing Book Building. The above two are B to C forms of e-commerce applications. Appearance bar. Currently, there are many kinds of virtual stores and virtual businesses on the Internet that provide various services related to the sale of goods. Commodities bought and sold through online stores can be materialized, such as books, flowers, clothing, food, cars, televisions, etc.; they can also be digitized, such as news, music, movies, databases, software, and a variety of knowledge-based products; and they also provide a variety of services, such as arranging tours, on-line medical diagnostics, and distance education.2. Business-to-business e-commerce (business-to-business is B-to-B).The B2B model is the most important and most valuable form of e-commerce. Enterprises can use the Internet or other networks to find the best partner for each transaction and complete all transaction behaviors from ordering to settlement, including ordering from suppliers, signing contracts, accepting invoices, and making payments through electronic fund transfers, letters of credit, bank collections, etc. The B2B model is the most important and valuable form of e-commerce. As well as other issues in the business process, such as claims, merchandise delivery management and transportation tracking. Enterprise e-commerce has a large volume of business and requires a complex hardware and software environment, but is developing fastest on the basis of the success of EDI commerce.3. E-commerce between business and government (business-to-government B-to-G). This kind of commerce covers all matters between enterprises and government organizations. For example, the approval of various procedures between business and government, the government's publication of procurement lists through the Internet, and the electronic response of businesses: the government taxes businesses and electronic transactions through electronic exchanges on the Internet. It has become a means and method of open government affairs. (ii) Classification according to the content of goods involved in the transaction. If categorized according to the content of goods involved in e-commerce exchanges, e-commerce consists of two main types of commercial activities.
1. Indirect e-commerce e-commerce involves the electronic ordering of tangible goods, such as flowers, books, foodstuffs, automobiles and so on. The goods traded need to be delivered through traditional channels such as postal services and commercial courier services. Indirect e-commerce therefore relies on external factors such as delivery transportation systems.2. Direct e-commerceE-commerce involves intangible goods and services such as online ordering, payment and delivery of computer software and entertainment content, or information services on a global scale. Direct e-commerce enables both parties to trade directly across geographical boundaries and to realize the full potential of the global market. Most domestic agricultural websites currently fall into this category, but are still true direct e-commerce. (C) Classification of e-commerce according to the type of network used, according to the framework of the type of network used by companies engaged in e-commerce business
10. The main function of travel retailers is to provide a combination of travel products to the travel market
First, the different customers
1. Retailers directly face the end-users, such as supermarkets.
2. Distributors are responsible for some channel sales.
Second, different service areas.
1. In a certain region and area, distributors have ownership of goods (buyout of the manufacturer's products/services), to obtain operating profits, and operate in a variety of ways. Their business activities are not or rarely restricted by the vendor, and their responsibilities and rights are equal to those of the vendor.
For example, if Adidas is a distributor in Guangzhou, Adidas will no longer supply to other customers in Guangzhou. If other customers want to sell this brand's products, they have to buy them through the distributor;
2. Retailers are engaged in retailing, storefront or promotions. Of course there may be some sporadic industry purchases.
Thirdly, there are different requirements for suppliers.
1. Suppliers generally use requirements for distributors, such as how much they are required to buy in a year, how many intervals they need to shop, and so on.
2. Suppliers generally do not t directly contact with retailers, distributors are generally responsible for supplying retailers, such as large supermarkets.
Fourth, the concept of different
1. retailer
Retailer is the direct sales of goods to the final consumer intermediary, it is in the final stage of the flow of goods, and producers and wholesalers relative.
The basic task of the retailer is to serve the final consumer directly. Its functions include purchasing, selling, regulating, storing, processing, dismantling, subcontracting, transmitting information and providing sales services. In terms of location, time and service, it is convenient for consumers to buy, and it is also a bridge between manufacturers, wholesalers and consumers. It plays an important role in the distribution channel.
2. Distributors
Distributors are intermediaries who acquire ownership of goods in trade. They acquire ownership of goods through purchase and resale and hence they have to bear various risks. Dealers have the right to determine the price. They are only interested in profit but are not loyal to any manufacturer or exporter. The common types of distribution are: distribution, wholesale and retail.