① boot process crash: when starting the computer, only hear the sound of the hard disk self-test and can not see the screen display, or simply in the boot self-test chirping sound but the computer does not work, or in the boot self-test error prompts, etc.;
② in the start of the computer operating system crash: The screen shows the computer self-test through, but when loading the operating system, the computer appears to be dead;
③ in the use of some applications in the process of dead: the computer has been running well, only in the implementation of some applications appear dead;
④ exit the operating system appears to be dead: that is, in the exit of the system such as Win98, or return to DOS state The system will be dead when you exit the system or return to the DOS state.
By dry in the "dead" state can not use software or tools to diagnose the system, thus increasing the difficulty of troubleshooting. The general performance of the crash is: the system can not start, display a black screen, display "frozen", the keyboard can not be input, the software operation is not normal interruptions and so on. There are probably thousands of reasons for the crash, but there are only two aspects: one is caused by computer hardware, a software design is not perfect or conflict with the system and the system is running other programs. In terms of hardware, the culprit is the recent popularity in the computer DIY community, "overclocking 'a - so that the CPU works in the rated operating frequency other than the clock frequency, the CPU is in the overworked state, the emergence of the crash will not be surprising; the next reason is that a hardware overheating, or hardware resource conflicts. The second reason is that the hardware is overheating, or there are hardware resource conflicts. Of course, there are other hardware reasons. On the software side, the majority of computer crashes are caused by software (except for overclocked computers). In the Windows 9x series, a mixed 16-bit and 32-bit kernel model is used, so the security is very low, and crashes due to program memory conflicts are a common occurrence. The following is a description of the general checking and handling methods after encountering a crash failure.
One of the system to rule out the "false" crash phenomenon
1. First of all, to rule out the power supply problems brought about by the "false" crash phenomenon. Should check whether the computer power supply is plugged in, whether the power socket is in good contact, the host, monitor and printer, scanner, external MODEM, speakers and other major external power supply equipment power plug is reliably inserted into the power socket, the power switch of the above components are in the open (ON) state.
2. Check the data between the computer components, the control line is connected correctly and reliably, whether there is a loose phenomenon between the plug. In particular, the host and the monitor of the data line connection is often caused by poor "black screen" of the fake crash phenomenon.
Second, to rule out the phenomenon of virus infection caused by the crash
With a non-toxic and clean system disk boot system, and then run KILL, AV95, SCAN and other anti-virus software of the latest version of the hard disk to check to ensure that the computer is safe, to rule out the phenomenon of the virus caused by the crash.
Additionally, if a computer crashes after an anti-virus program, it is most likely due to the virus destroying system files, applications, and critical data files, or the anti-virus program eliminating the virus while misusing normal files, destroying the structure of normal files. When you encounter this kind of problem, you can only reinstall the system or software that has been damaged (i.e., caused a crash when running).
Three, to rule out software installation, configuration problems caused by the crash phenomenon
1. If the software installation process is dead, it may be some of the configuration of the system and the installation of the software conflict. These configurations include system BIOS settings, CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT settings, WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI settings and some hardware drivers and memory-resident program settings.
You can try to modify the above settings. For BIOS, you can take its default settings, such as "LOAD SETUP DEFAULT" and "LOAD BIOS DEFAULT"; for CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, you can skip the system configuration by pressing F5 during startup. SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, you can press F5 at startup to skip the system configuration file or press F8 to step by step select the execution and modify the configuration of CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT one by one (especially the configuration of EMS and XMS in the EMM386) to determine where the hardware and the installer are in conflict, and some hardware drivers and memory-resident programs can be loaded by not loading them to avoid conflicts. avoid conflicts.
2. If a crash occurs after a software installation, the installed program is in conflict with the system. The general practice is to restore the system in the pre-installation of the various configurations, and then analyze the installation of the new part of the installation program to load the resources used and possible conflicts, and gradually eliminate the causes of failure. Deleting the newly installed program is also one of the ways to resolve conflicts.
Four, according to the system startup process to analyze the phenomenon of dead
System startup process of the phenomenon of dead, including two cases:
1. fatal dead, that is, the system self-test process is not completed on the dead, the system does not usually give a prompt. This can be based on the boot self-test fatal error list, and then combined with other methods to further analyze the cause of the failure.
2. Non-fatal crash, in the self-test process or self-test is completed after the crash, but the system gives sound, text and other information. Can be based on the boot self-test non-fatal error code table and boot self-test sound corresponding to the error code table to check; boot self-test sound corresponding to the error code table listed in the case of the possible failure of the components for the focus of the inspection, but can not be ignored related components of the inspection, because a lot of faults are not pointed out by the tips of the information directly caused by the components, but often by the related components of faults. The problem is not directly caused by the parts indicated in the message, but often caused by the failure of related parts.
Fifth, to rule out the use of improper maintenance caused by the phenomenon of computer crash
Computer use for some time after the use of improper use and maintenance may cause crash, especially after a long period of time without the use of computers will often be such a failure. Caused by the following reasons:
1. Accumulation of dust leading to system crash: dust is the enemy of the computer. Excessive dust attached to the CPU, chip, fan surface will lead to these components poor heat dissipation, circuit board dust in the humid environment often lead to short circuits. Both of these conditions can lead to crashes.
The specific treatment method can use a brush to sweep away the dust, or use a cotton swab dipped in anhydrous alcohol to clean the dust accumulation components. Be careful not to leave the bristles and cotton of the brush and swab on the circuit board and components and become a new source of failure.
2. Component moisture: long time not to use the computer, will lead to part of the component moisture and can not be used normally. Available hairdryer low heat evenly on the damp components "drying". Be careful not to heat a part of the components for too long or at too high a temperature to avoid baking the components.
3. Board, chip pin oxidation caused by poor contact: the board, chip out, with an eraser gently wipe the pin surface to remove oxidation, re-insert the socket.
4. Board, peripheral interfaces loose lead to crash: double-check whether the I / O slot insertion is correct, the peripheral interface contact is good, the cable connection is normal.
Six, to rule out the system configuration caused by improper dead phenomenon
System configuration and computer hardware equipment and system BIOS, motherboard jumper switch settings are closely related to the common causes of failure of the crash are:
1. Improperly set the frequency of the mains: such failures are mainly CPU main frequency jumper switch setting errors, Remark's CPU caused by the BIOS settings do not match the actual situation, overclocking the use of the CPU, or poor CPU performance dead.
2. Improperly set memory stick parameters: This kind of failure is mainly due to memory stick setting errors and BIOS settings not matching the actual situation caused by the Remark memory stick.
3. CACHE parameters are not set properly: this kind of failure is mainly CHCHE setting error, RemarkCACHE caused by the BIOS settings do not match the actual situation.
4. CMOS parameters are damaged: frequent modification of CMOS parameters, or the destruction of CMOS parameters by viruses, often leading to CMOS parameter confusion and difficult to recover. You can reset the CMOS parameters by discharging the CMOS and using the default system BIOS settings. the CMOS discharging method can be referred to the motherboard manual. If it is caused by a virus infection, after resetting the CMOS parameters, you must also kill the hard disk.
Seven, exclude the phenomenon of improper installation of hardware caused by the crash
Hardware peripherals installed in the process of negligence often lead to inexplicable crash, and this phenomenon tends to use the computer for a period of time before the gradual emergence of the phenomenon, and therefore has a certain degree of confusion.
1. Component installation is not in place, plugging loose, incorrect wiring caused by the crash, the display card and I / 0 slot contact is often caused by poor display of the failure of the crash, such as the "black screen", the memory stick, CACHE and slot plugging loose is often caused by the program to run in the crash, or even the system can not be started, the other Other boards and slots (sockets) contact problems often cause a variety of crash phenomenon. To troubleshoot these problems, just press the corresponding boards and chips firmly by hand, or unplug them from the slots (sockets) and reinstall them. If there is a free slot (socket), the component can also be installed in a different slot (socket) to solve the contact problem. Incorrect cable connections can also sometimes cause a crash failure.
2. Improper installation leads to deformation of the components, damage caused by the dead caliber is not correct, the length of the screws is not appropriate often lead to parts of the mounting holes are damaged, the screws contact the internal circuitry of the components caused by a short-circuit caused by the dead, the specification of the motherboard, components, or non-standardized installation procedures often lead to the chassis, the motherboard, the board card shape of the variation and thus extrusion of the internal components of the components lead to a local short circuit, internal components damaged and thus inexplicably occurring. Component damage and thus inexplicable crash. If only the appearance of computer components deformation, you can through the correct installation methods and replacement of parts in line with the specifications to solve; if it has led to internal component damage, you can only replace the new parts.
Eight, to rule out the phenomenon of poor quality hardware caused by the crash
Generally speaking, computer products are international manufacturers in accordance with international standards of assembly line production out of the parts of the bad rate is very low. But the temptation of high profits so that many illegal manufacturers of computer standard parts and components to change the face, change the frequency, re-mark (Remark), substituting good or even scrap, defective as genuine products for sale, resulting in these "super level" to play the unstable performance of the product, the environment is slightly uncomfortable or a little long time will be frequent failures. The result is that the performance of these "super level" products is unstable, and frequent failures will occur if the environment is slightly uncomfortable or they are used for a long time. In particular, the CPU, memory sticks, motherboards and other core components and related products of poor quality, is the main source of failure leading to unexplained crash. The following components should be checked:
1. CPU CPU is the most counterfeit and easy to cause crash. The Remark's CPU is fine at low temperatures and for short periods of time, but as long as it is used for long periods of time in a continuous high-temperature environment, the drawbacks of its deadlines will be easily exposed. Using Windows, 3DS, and other software that requires high CPU characteristics is a better way to detect CPU problems than using simple software such as DOS. If you need to confirm whether this is the case, you can refer to the manual to jump the CPU frequency down 1 or 2 notches, such as 166 down to 150, 133 or 120. If the phenomenon of crash is greatly reduced or disappeared, it can be judged to be a problem with the CPU. You can also use the exchange method, replace the same type of normal CPU, if no longer dead can generally be concluded that the CPU problem. Some users like to use the CPU overclocking to obtain high-speed performance, which is often the cause of computer crash. Generally, the CPU will jump back to the original frequency to solve the problem.
2. Memory sticks Memory sticks are often tampered with: speed marks are changed, e.g. 70ns is Remarked as 60ns, non-parity memory is passed off as parity memory, non-EDO memory is passed off as EDO memory, and low-quality memory sticks are passed off as good memory sticks. In the BIOS will be the memory stick read and write time will be increased appropriately (such as: from 60ns to 70ns), if the crash disappeared can be concluded that the memory stick speed problem. If it is the quality of the memory itself, only the replacement of a new memory stick can be solved.
3. motherboard General motherboard failure is often the first to consider, but it is to the last to determine. In addition to the printed board on the flying line, broken line and the motherboard components are burnt, the motherboard is squeezed by the deformation, the motherboard and chassis short circuit and other obvious phenomena, the motherboard itself is only confirmed on the motherboard all parts of the failure of the normal (will be your board, CPU, memory sticks and other accessories to get a good motherboard on the use of the normal, while others use the normal boards, devices inserted into your motherboard can not be run normally) to determine whether the motherboard failure, if replaced with a new memory stick can be resolved. Whether the motherboard failure, if the replacement of a good motherboard of the same model still exists, it may be that the motherboard is incompatible with a component. Either replace the compatible other models of motherboards, or can only use the plucking method to test each board, chip, to find incompatible parts to replace.
4. power supply, fan, chassis, etc. Poor quality power supply, power cable failure, power supply plug loose, power supply voltage instability are the main culprits of the unexplained crash. CPU fan, power supply fan rotation is not normal, the fan power is insufficient to cause the CPU and chassis, "heat generating" components of the heat dissipation and thus cause the crash. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new computer, and you'll be able to do that.
Nine, the system black screen failure troubleshooting
System crash failure is mostly manifested as a black screen (i.e., no display on the monitor screen), this type of failure and the monitor, the display card has a close relationship, while the system motherboard, CPU, CACHE, memory, power supply and other components of the failure can lead to a black screen. System black screen of death failure of the general inspection method is as follows:
1. Excluding the "false" black screen: check whether the monitor power plug is plugged in, whether the power switch has been opened, the monitor and the host of the display card on the data line is connected to a good, connected to the shaker is not loose, to see whether it is because of these factors caused by the black screen. In addition, you should move the mouse or press the keyboard to see if the screen is back to normal. Because the black screen may also be due to the setting of the energy saving mode (can be viewed and modified in the BIOS setup) and the appearance of a false shutdown.
2. In the black screen at the same time the rest of the system is working properly, such as: startup soft / hard disk drive self-test is passed, whether the keyboard keys are responsive. Can be tested through the exchange method with a good monitor connected to the host, if only the monitor black screen and the other parts of the normal, it is only the monitor problems, which is still a pseudo-machine dead phenomenon.
3. The black screen occurs during the system boot self-test, see step four.
4. Black screen occurs during the installation of the display driver or display mode settings, it is clear that the choice of the display system can not support the mode, you should choose a more basic display. For example, if you get a black screen or splash screen after setting the display mode under Windows, you should run the SETUP.EXE program in the Windows directory under DOS to select the standard VGA display mode.
5. Check whether the contact between the graphics card and the motherboard I/O slot is normal and reliable, and try inserting the graphics card into a different I/O slot if necessary.
6. Change a confirmed good performance of the same type of graphics card into the host restart, if the black screen crash phenomenon is eliminated is the problem of the graphics card.
7. Change a confirmed good performance of other models of graphics cards inserted into the host restart, if the black screen crash phenomenon is eliminated is not compatible with the host graphics card, you can consider replacing the graphics card or motherboard.
8. Check whether the error settings of the system's core components, such as CPU frequency, memory stick read and write time, CACHE refresh mode, motherboard bus rate, etc., which may lead to a black screen of death.
9. Check whether the internal parts of the host are connected correctly, there are some special connection errors can lead to a black screen of death.
10. See the other steps in this article for a list of troubleshooting methods for dead computers, which are often accompanied by a black screen.