The following text is only for a novice like me and a friend who has been obsessed for a long time. Don't ask what equipment you need to buy in the forum. Is the bigger the KV, the better, or the smaller the better? Because there are many posts in these forums, you should learn to dive. I believe that before buying equipment or making machines, novices will answer many questions in their hearts after reading them, and also save looking around. After reading this article, they forgot that one.
As I am also a novice, many questions may not be clearly expressed, and even mistakes may occur. Please correct me.
Equipment items
To fly into the sky, an airplane must need a lot of equipment. What equipment do you need? Basic electronic equipment includes: transmitter, receiver (including crystal), engine (electric or oil-driven), steering gear, electric modulator and battery, all of which are indispensable. Besides electronic equipment, you also need paddles and steering angles. Here, we will focus on electronic equipment.
1, remote control device
The remote control device includes a transmitter, a receiver and a crystal. The function of launching is to send a signal so that we can control the flight of the plane; And receiving is self-evident, it is to receive the signal of the transmitter; Crystal allows the transmitter and receiver to work at the same frequency and does not conflict with other transmitters and receivers. When you are going to buy a remote control device, these three pieces are usually matched. Of course, you must also ask the merchants clearly, because some merchants only sell launches.
Taobao flies to the top of the world, and the price of 6A is around 250 yuan. It consists of a 6-pass transmitter, a 6-pass receiver and a pair of crystals with a frequency of 72mhz.
Both transmission and reception have one of the most important parameters: the channel.
Channel means several signal patterns, and one channel corresponds to one signal, which is more abstract.
For example, we often have three-way flutter. Then one channel controls the aileron with a steering gear (or one channel controls the direction), the second channel controls the lifting, and the third channel controls the motor speed through the throttle. So there are at least three links for beginners to fly.
The TDF06A mentioned above is proportional remote control, and the other control is switch remote control. There is a great difference between these two kinds of control, and there is also a considerable gap in price, and there are essential differences: the aircraft based on the former can be called a remote control model; The aircraft based on the latter can only be called remote control toys. So what is proportional remote control? Figuratively speaking, using proportional remote control to control a certain channel can simulate the real mechanical operation. For example, taking throttle control as an example, the maximum value is bigger, bigger and bigger. Smaller, smaller, smaller ... the smallest. Controlling other channels is similar. Switch the remote control. No. One channel of the switch remote control can only be switched on and off. A switch similar to an electric light cannot control the channel in proportion. There are many remote-controlled planes (gliders) under 200 on Taobao, all of which are controlled by this switch.
Let's start with the crystal for remote control. The transmitting and receiving crystals must have the same frequency in order to work at the same frequency. For example, if the crystal oscillator on the transmitter is 72.3 10MHZ, then the receiver must also insert a crystal oscillator of 72.438+00 MHz. If the reception is 72. 180, then obviously the transmission cannot control this reception. When buying remote control equipment, the crystals on the transmitter and receiver are ready-made, so don't worry about this.
2. Engine
I know nothing about oil, and I believe most people are not going to buy it. Since it is an electric version, I will only talk about the motor.
There are two kinds of motors, brush and brushless. Brushless brushes are popular now. First, they have enough power, second, they have long life, third, they are efficient, and fourth, they are inexpensive. So here we only talk about brushless motors.
Brushless motors have three wires. There is no pair of brushes like brushes, so it is called brushless. After the brush of a brushed motor is used for a certain number of times, the brush will wear out and must be replaced. Brushless motor has no brush, which is the main reason that its life is much longer than that of brushed motor.
Brushless efficiency is higher than brushed efficiency. Note that brushless power is not necessarily stronger than brush. High efficiency means that under the same power consumption, brushless can provide more power than brush.
When the brush rotates, you don't need electric adjusting equipment, but if the brushless motor is to work, it must be distributed and adjusted. Regarding electric adjustment, let's talk about it below.
What are the brushless motors? 2208, 2408, 2822, 1806. Different manufacturers have different parameters. For brushless motors, the most important parameter is the KV value. What is KV? You can refer to this article. /thread-6058-1-1.html kv is motor speed (no load) =KV value * voltage.
Moreover, the larger the KV value, the smaller the torque, and the lower the KV value, the greater the torque. Therefore, the value of KV determines what kind of paddle you are equipped with, because a large paddle requires a large torque.
For example, ax 1806n and kv 2 100. Then under the voltage of 1 1. 1V, the rotating speed (without propeller) is 2100 *1= 23310 rpm. KV2 100 is suitable for 1 1. 1 volt 5030 paddles. Maybe you have to ask, can I bring 8060 paddles? Can you turn it or not? The answer is no, you can turn. But your motor and tuning may be over soon! Why? Because in this case, driving the 8060 propeller requires more torque, and the faster the speed, the less torque is provided. Don't ask why, it can be solved by the law of conservation of energy. Please see the post about this for details. If you have any objection to this question, you can refer to the reply on the 22nd floor. )
So is KV2 100 suitable for carrying 5030 paddles under any circumstances? Don't! If the voltage is high, such as 16.4 volts, the rotational speed will be higher, the torque will be reduced, and the blades need to be smaller. On the contrary, if the voltage is low, 7.4V, a larger paddle can be used.
Are there any motors with high KV and high torque? For model engines, no! There is a simple reason. KV also has high torsion, which requires larger diameter and longer copper wire and stronger magnet, and requires more current and voltage for rotation. Subsequently, the motor will be heavier, and the weight is a very important factor for things flying in the sky.
Whether the same KV, different motors and the same propeller have the same pulling (pushing) force and the same theory. But due to workmanship and technical reasons. It may be different. It may be that the motor of one manufacturer KV2 100 is lighter and the torque is slightly larger than that of another manufacturer KV2 100. But the motor torque of KV2 100 cannot be greater than that of KV 1000!
So choosing a motor is choosing KV. Because KV decides what kind of plane you make and what kind of paddle you choose.
In addition, weight is also a key consideration when choosing a motor. Of course, the lighter the better!
What kind of motor does the novice choose? It is suggested to choose (AX) 1806N (also known as 18 18). The motor KV is 2 100,2600,2900, and the construction is 2100, because KV2 100 is 65438+. The pulling (pushing) force exceeds 300g, which is suitable for back pushing or waist pushing, paper airplane, SU-27, F22, etc. In addition, when you buy this motor, you will usually get a paddle protector and a 5030 paddle. The price is around 65 yuan.
3. Electric adjustment
The electric motor is different, whether there is brush electric adjustment or brush electric adjustment.
Brushed motor can work without electric adjustment, but it is impossible to control the speed of the motor without electric adjustment. There may be many friends who want to find ready-made equipment around to make planes, just like I just got started. First, they want to save money. Second, generally speaking, small cities can't buy equipment, so they can only buy it online. So there are many posts asking if the motor in the toy car can be used as power. The answer is: yes, just lack of motivation. Even if there is electricity, it needs brush electric adjustment, so don't try to make an airplane model with a brush motor without electric adjustment.
As mentioned above, brushless work must have electric adjustment, otherwise it cannot rotate. Brushless motor has the following functions: First, it provides low-voltage alternating current for brushless motor. ), the motor can rotate; The second is to convert the battery voltage for the receiver to work.
Brushless electric modulation has the maximum current. In other words, this current cannot be exceeded when working. Therefore, we should pay attention to this problem when choosing the electric tune. Is that to choose the maximum current once and for all? Don't! Because the greater the current, the greater the component of the electric sound, so choose the appropriate electric sound (right? )。
The price of brushless electric tuning is high and low. Novices can choose 100 yuan for 30A electric tuning; If you are going to buy a brush, the cheapest one in Taobao is as low as 15 yuan, and I have one in my hand.
4. Steering gear
Steering gear is also essential. Because to operate the plane, in addition to operating the motor to rotate. We also need to operate aileron, lift and rudder. Otherwise, it is not a free flight! And all these jobs need steering gear to complete. There seems to be nothing to say about choosing a steering gear. However, the steering gear has torque parameters, of course, the bigger the better. However, in the same situation, the greater the torque, the heavier the steering gear. For beginners, it is enough for 25 yuan to choose 9g or even 5g steering gear for a plane of about 500g! The five steering gears I bought are all 9g. One in 22 yuan.
Three-way aircraft need two steering gears, and four-way aircraft need at least three.
5. Battery
This model mainly uses lithium batteries and nickel-hydrogen Lithium batteries can be divided into lithium ion and lithium polymerization, and now lithium polymerization is mainly used. Under the same conditions, Ni-MH is heavier than lithium battery. So it's better to choose a lithium battery!
When it comes to batteries, it is often 2s and 3s. Simply put, 2s refers to two batteries in series, and 3s refers to three batteries in series. What are the advantages of the series? Is to raise the voltage. As mentioned earlier when talking about KV, voltage is related to speed.
Lithium battery, 2s voltage 7.4V, 3s voltage11.1v. Because the voltage of a lithium battery is 3.7V, look at your mobile phone, don't you? Ni-MH battery has only 1.2 volts, so 2s is 2.4 volts, and 10s has only 12 volts.
Please note that neither lithium battery 3.7V nor NiMH 1.2V represents the voltage when the battery is fully charged. Lithium battery, after fully charged, the voltage generally reaches 4.2V. I believe that most people have universal cell phone batteries. You can have a look. Generally, the output voltage mentioned above is 4.2V, and the fully charged NiMH can reach about1.5V..
In addition to voltage, then there is capacity and discharge rate. The capacity of the battery is in mah (milliampere hour), and the discharge rate is in c, which is simply the number of C. 1C is different for batteries with different capacities. 1C means that the battery can work continuously after 1C discharge 1 hour.
Example: If a battery with a capacity of 1500mah keeps working 1 hour, the average current is 1500ma, that is, 1.5A is the 1C of this battery. If it is nominally 10C, the maximum discharge current of this battery is 65438. That is to say, this battery is safe under the use of 15A.
Another example is that 1C in the capacity of 1000mah is 1000ma, that is,1a. If it is nominally 15C, then the maximum discharge current is 1A* 15= 15A, and the maximum discharge current of this battery is also 15A. However, the above battery works at 15A, that is, 10C discharges, and theoretically uses the maximum current. While 1000mah works at 15A, that is, 15C discharges. Theoretically, it takes 60/ 15=4 minutes to work at this current. Therefore, relatively speaking, 1500mah and 10C batteries will last a long time. Therefore, it is not enough to buy a battery just by looking at the C number. A discharged battery with a small C value may discharge more than a battery with a large C value. This is related to capacity.
In the same case, the larger the battery capacity, the heavier the weight, in order to control the weight of the machine. So don't be greedy for large capacity when buying batteries, but be moderate.
It should be enough to choose 2s around 80 yuan for lithium batteries, and 3s around 100 yuan.
6. charger.
Although the plane is not needed, it must be used to charge the battery. It is best to charge the lithium battery evenly. Why, there is a post about batteries in the forum, which makes it very clear that I can't find it. You can check it.
I believe that beginners buy equipment just like me, and buying this is the most painful. Because the direct balance is charged, at least 150 yuan. More expensive than a battery! You can enter B6 directly if you can, and the price is around 350 yuan. If you want to be cheap, you can choose Ni-MH plus 15 yuan power charger. However, it is difficult to control the weight of the plane very light. In fact, a large part of the weight of the plane is due to the battery.
If you choose Ni-MH, I suggest you don't even need to buy a charger, just find a current adapter to replace it. Pay attention to the type and size of output voltage, such as 10s NiMH, and the voltage is 12V. But the last segment is about 1.4V to1.5v. Then the input voltage is between 14V and 15V. The output current is about 500ma, and the principle is too small. Like me, I don't understand the attention output voltage type of electrons. If it is marked as output DC 15V 500ma, it means that the output DC voltage is 15V and the current is 500ma. If the label is AC, it means that the output AC voltage is 15V, so it must not be used. The day before yesterday, I happily got back a plotter's 15V power adapter from my unit, and the result was marked output AC. I'm so happy.
Step 7 wade
Paddles are not expensive, as cheap as 3 yuan. Ok, it's usually from 5 yuan to around 13 yuan. Paddle has two important parameters, paddle diameter and pitch, both in inches.
For example, 8060 paddles, which means that the diameter of this paddle is 8 inches. That is, 8 * 2.54 = 20.32 cm. The spacing is 6 inches. Pitch represents the distance that the propeller rotates once. The intuitive understanding is that you take a 20.32 cm chip, hold both ends with both hands and twist it in the opposite direction. One twist is 80 10, one twist is 8020, and the other twist is 8060, haha! I don't know if this is right.
The larger the diameter and pitch of the paddle, the greater the pulling (pushing) force that the paddle can provide. Note that the diameter of the paddle refers to the diameter of the circle formed by the rotation of the paddle, not the total length of the paddle. For Shuang Ye paddles (two paddles are the most commonly used paddles), it is only the sum of the lengths of the two paddles; For single-blade propeller, the diameter is blade length * 2; The diameter of a three-blade propeller is not the sum of blades.
If you don't have a small paddle in your hand, many experts cut off the big paddle and use it again. After the paddle is cut off, the diameter of the paddle will become smaller, but the pitch will not change. For example, if the 7035 paddle is cut to 5 inches, it is 5035 paddle. (I don't know if it's right, master! ))
Pay due attention to the KV value of your motor when choosing paddles. /thread-6058-1-1.html is very clear in this article.
In addition, there are two kinds of paddles when choosing paddles: slow paddles and direct-drive paddles. In fact, slow paddle does not refer to slow paddle, but mainly refers to the fact that slow paddle is generally used in deceleration group, and of course direct drive paddle can also be used. The tension is not much different. )。
Then it is often said to pull forward and push back, so is there a difference between pulling forward and pushing back? Don't! Just put the paddle back when you push it back. Of course, there are also special push-back paddles. This kind of blade can directly insert the motor shaft into the blade hole without blade protector or nut. Because it is a back thrust, there is a forward force when rotating, and the paddle will not shoot out. And if you change it to front pull, it's easy to beat the pulp!
Generally speaking, if you want the plane to fly slowly, use a big paddle; If you fly fast, use a small paddle. This may be completely contrary to the idea of a novice friend. He thinks that flying fast is of course with a big paddle, and flying slowly is with a small paddle. Why? For example, suppose that two kinds of paddles, 7035 and 5030, can theoretically provide the same pulling (pushing) force with the same power consumption, and 7030 only needs 10000 revolutions, regardless of resistance, and the forward distance in one minute is 10000*3.5=35000 (inches); However, if the 5030 is used to provide the same pulling force (requiring thrust) of 27,440 revolutions (how to calculate, the pulling force of the paddle is directly proportional to the cube of the diameter, which may be wrong here, but there is no objection to the need for higher speed), regardless of the resistance, the distance to advance in one minute is 27,440 * 3 = 82,320 (inches). Obviously, the latter stroke is much faster. Therefore, high-speed machines use small paddles with high KV motors, and slow machines use large paddles with low KV motors.
In addition, when buying paddles, pay attention to different models and buy more. Because the oars are the easiest to break when falling from the plane.
8. Paddle protector
This is optional, but you must buy at least one racket for you. Not expensive, around 5 yuan. How to protect it? You'll know when you get off the plane. Before that, I broke my paddle with an average of two falls. With it, I haven't broken my paddle yet.
The necessary equipment is above. Basically, it is indispensable.
Materials and tools
Besides equipment, you also need materials and tools to make an airplane. There are many tools, such as knives, as long as you have a home. But like KT board, I'm afraid most families don't have it.
1, KT board.
This is the main material for making airplanes, except for airplanes like balsa wood.
KT board has two specifications: 240CM* 120CM and 240CM*90CM. The color is usually white, but there are also black and red and other colors. Generally, the thickness is 5 mm. The price is not expensive, and it is a large piece of 15 yuan. Go to your local small advertising company or wholesale advertising materials. If you have a 3 mm wing, you can also buy one. This kind of winged wings is especially useful. 3 mm wings can effectively control the weight of JJ. However, everyone said that 3MM KT is not easy to buy all over the country.
Maybe you think KT board is not very heavy, but 90CM* 15CM with 5mm has 40g. Therefore, 3mm can effectively reduce the weight of the aircraft. Of course, the strength of 3mm will definitely be reduced a lot.
2. Viscose
Because of the material of KT board, neither 502 nor AB can be used to bond KT board, and it seems that all-purpose adhesive can't either. Preferably styrofoam. 1one bottle in 0 yuan, yellow. Super cheap and fast. It can be used in about 3 minutes. This initial viscosity is quite good. It's stuck. Better than KT board. But this guy is not easy to buy. I ran all over our small county to find it.
There are bubbles of dry glue around 8 yuan on the Internet, but they are only small bottles. In terms of cost performance, it is a bit expensive.
Little pudding said 85 1 works, but I didn't find it either. Others say that a resin AB glue is also ok, but slow, I haven't found it either. Also, remember to buy hot melt glue gun plus glue sticks, which are as low as 12 yuan on Taobao, 20W. I bought a 60W one for 25 yuan. You have to use this if you want to paste KT board quickly. However, hot melt adhesive is very heavy. I weighed it, and one was about 20g.
3. Cutting equipment
Cutting KT board requires cutting equipment, commonly used art knife, cheap from 2 yuan, expensive as long as 10 yuan. Of course, other knives can also be used, as long as they work well. The principle is thin and fast.
Can be eager, especially useful when cutting foam. Methods Search forums, which are made of electricity and guitar strings. I made it with a power adapter and guitar 2 strings (the price of guitar 2 strings is generally 2 yuan).
4. carbon rods.
This is mainly for machine strengthening. Go to a fishing gear shop and buy it. The price is relatively expensive. It is recommended to go to fishing gear wholesale dealers or professional model DIY shops to buy. Thick enough to be used as a tail rod and thin enough to be used as a wing reinforcement and a connecting rod. I don't want this bamboo pole because it is strong and light.
Manufacture machine products
The equipment is back and can be used as a machine. At first, most people thought it was not difficult to make or fly an airplane. Two months ago, I thought the same thing. Actually, it's not as simple as you think, and it's certainly not as difficult as you think.
What kind of plane is suitable for the first flight? Generally speaking, novices can choose to fly back, and there is an introduction to paper airplanes. There are many forums about painting and its practice. Flutter is a general term, that is, the upper monoplane model aircraft with small wing load and slow flight speed. The upper monoplane has a low center of gravity and stable flight. Wing loading is small, can fly very slowly and has good gliding performance; When the machine falls, it can protect the motor and blades to the maximum extent. The paper plane is very simple, usually it can be done in three hours.
So can we choose KT330 or SU-27? Many novices ask these two paragraphs as soon as they come up. Although everyone has individual differences, we really don't want to simplify flying and flying. Although Su -27 is beautiful in appearance and uncomplicated in production, it is very difficult for a novice to adjust the thrust line and center of gravity. In addition, it has no airfoil, high flying speed and poor gliding performance, which is really not suitable for beginners. The same is true of the 330, which has a large rudder surface, and most of the first flight of novices is a second explosion. I made Su -27 with several paper planes and fluttering experience. The first flight was successful and beautiful, so don't worry about making these two models as soon as you come up.
How to ensure that your plane can go to heaven? Flying in the sky seems to be not as simple as running in the water on the ground. Based on my own experience, I emphasize paying attention to the thrust line and center of gravity. Both of these things are true. Planes usually make their first successful flight. In addition, pay attention to control the weight of the aircraft from details, such as adhesive, reinforcement, landing gear, tape and so on.
For regular wing aircraft (what is a regular wing? I'm talking about a pair of conventional wings, not Su -27), and the center of gravity is in the first third of the wings. There are many ways to measure the center of gravity. Here is a simple one. Is to put your hand against the plane, and after balance, it is the vertical line where the center of gravity is located.
There are many posts about thrust line (tension line), and I'm not sure. In fact, you have made it very clear, and the application is not very accurate. The principle is that the engine of an airplane pushed backward tilts several degrees in the axial direction and the airplane pulled forward tilts several degrees in the downward direction.
If an airplane has no regular wings, such as a paper airplane, how to measure the center of gravity? It's simple. Do a good job in the plane, don't install equipment. You can use the No.5 battery or other heavy objects to match the center of gravity and throw gliding with your bare hands. If you glide smoothly for more than 5 meters like a paper plane made as a child, you won't raise your head or bow your head, and your center of gravity is ok. Then mark the center of gravity with a pen to install the equipment.
There is also a kind of plane with a tail, such as fluttering, so be sure to pay attention to the vertical tail, otherwise your plane will definitely miss in the sky. Flying in a straight line is difficult.
Equipment installation is simple and generally understandable. Note that some tuners have 2s and 3s plugs similar to computer jumpers. This guy happens to have a JST female plug, which can be directly plugged into the battery. When I bought the equipment for trial use, the motor stopped running as soon as the battery was connected to this plug. It's a good thing I didn't break the tune.
If you can solve the above problems, your plane will definitely go to heaven! For beginners, the first flight can't stay in the sky for more than 2 minutes, and don't expect perfection when landing, unless the simulation is perfect before. In fact, I believe that most of my newly possessed friends, like me, don't have high requirements for the first flight, that is, they can make their planes really fly.
label
Of course, you also need steering angle, steel wire and other small things. These are not expensive, you can buy them or not, and you will find many materials around you to replace them. Any phone card, thin steel wire inside the tire will do. Pay attention to buy at least three steering gears and more paddles, otherwise it will cost more postage. None of the above matters. The important thing is not to make the plane in a hurry like me, go out for a test flight in the middle of the night in a hurry, and it took two months to fly straight and roll. The landing was only successful twice.