Chinese name: Royal Air Force mbth: Origin of the Royal Air Force:191Country: British historical development, national flag, bloody World War II, Britain, Germany, contemporary development, system, equipment preparation, participation in the war, and historical development originated from19/kloc- In World War I, the naval wing and the air wing of the British Air Force were separated, but in 19 18, they merged into the Royal Air Force. The Royal Air Force was established in April 19 18, 1. 1920, the Royal Air Force Academy was established in Cranwill, Lincolnshire. 1922 the royal air force staff school was established in Anfu, Hampshire. After the outbreak of World War II, there were about 2,000 aircraft in the front line of the Royal Air Force. Royal Air Force 90th Anniversary Celebration 2065438+05 February 12, the first F-35 fighter squadron in Britain was formally established and trained by the United States. The national flag follows the tradition of other British imperial services, and the Royal Air Force uses badges to represent their honor and actions. RAF flags are raised at all bases during the day. It was designed by George V in 192 1 and was later opposed by many navies. The Royal Navy has a high status-it can veto any flag on board or on land. Flag of the Royal Air Force Therefore, the Air Force used the British flag at the beginning of World War I, but it was easily confused with the iron cross symbol of the German Air Force in the air. So1October 19 14 began to adopt the original French concentric circle style, with red, white and blue colors from the center to the outside. A year later, the relative size of the ring was changed, and later a yellow ring was added during World War II. During the Second World War, aircraft serving in the Far East removed the red circle from the logo to prevent confusion with Japanese military aircraft. Since the 1970' s, aircraft that need camouflage began to use circular badges with low visibility, with red and blue as dark camouflage and light pink and light blue as light camouflage. Most training and transport planes that do not need camouflage still maintain the traditional red, white and blue tricolor flag emblem. The motto of the Royal Air Force is Latin "Perardua Adaastra", which translates as "Crossing adversity to the stars". This motto was put forward by a lieutenant named J.S. Yule at the request of Colonel Frederick Sykes, commander of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). Since 2006, the Royal Air Force has adopted a new official logo (shown at the top of this article). All the letters and promotional materials used on the logo are designed to provide a single and universally recognized brand logo for the service. Bloody World War II Britain1July, 940 15, the destroyer aviation command of the Royal Air Force (Commander General Dowding Air Force) had 4 aviation regiments and 55 squadrons. The North 13 Aviation Corps is under the command of Sol, and has 14 Squadron; The middle 12 Aviation Corps is under the command of Parker and has 22 squadrons. The 1 1 Aviation Corps in the southeast is under the command of Lima Lori, and it has a squadron of 14. The Southwest 10 Aviation Corps is under the command of Brand and has four squadrons. The army antiaircraft gunner with Pyle as the commander also accepted Dowding's operational command. By early August, the Royal Air Force had 700 fighters and 500 bombers available for combat. Among the 1600 aircraft produced in August, 470 Tornado and Spitfire fighters (the main types of annihilated aviation equipped by the Royal Air Force) did not exceed German aircraft in speed, but their maneuverability and airborne weapons were superior to enemy aircraft. British fighters each have 8 machine guns, and the firing rate is 1200 rounds per minute, while German fighters each have only 4-6 machine guns and cannons. The air combat in Britain was carried out by three air forces of the German Air Force: the 2nd Air Force with Marshal Kesselring as the commander, the 2nd Air Force with Marshal Speer as the commander and the 5th Air Force with Admiral Stump as the commander. The main types of equipment are single-engine bf 109 fighter, double-engine BF10 fighter, high-altitude aircraft and Stuka dive bomber, as well as assembled combat aircraft. The British air war began in July 1940. In the first stage of air combat, from July 1940 to August 23, the German Air Force mainly attacked the English Channel escort fleet and the southern port in an attempt to lure a large number of British fighters to prepare for the "Sea Lion" landing operation. Dowding's men comprehensively used fighters, radars and anti-aircraft guns, concentrated fighters in a controlled way (reserved some reserve forces in the far north to cope with the deep offensive of the German Air Force), and adopted the mode of interception in all directions. By the end of the war (1940 August 12), Doding and his men had lost 286 planes to the German Air Force and 150 planes. Then on "Eagle Day" (originally1940 August 13, changed to1940 August 15 due to bad weather), the German Air Force attempted to break through the southeast defense line with the 2nd Air Force and the 3rd Air Force in four batches, and the 5th Air Force raided northern England. In anticipation of the German action, Dowding commanded the North-South fighters to join forces in time and destroyed 75 German planes. The German Air Force still won't give up. 1940 August 13 to 23, the german air force lost 290 planes, and the air offensive was frustrated, while the British fighter plane lost 1 14 planes. In the second stage of air combat, 1940, from August 24 to September 27, the German Air Force tried to get through the air passage to London in order to destroy the remaining British fighters and destroy their ground facilities and aircraft factories, and then concentrated bombing on London. Dowding ordered as many fighter planes as possible to protect the aircraft factory in the south and intercept enemy planes attacking ground facilities. 1940 From August 24th to September 3rd, the German Air Force launched 35 large-scale attacks on British airports and aircraft factories, and strengthened the escort of fighter planes to bombers during the operation, which was a severe test for the British army to annihilate aviation. 1940 From August 24th to September 6th, the German Air Force lost 380 planes, while the British Air Force consumed 286 fighter planes. From1September 6, 940 to 10/October 5, although Dodin's fighter aviation fought tenaciously, London was still attacked by 38 serious daytime air raids and several blind bombing night air raids. Dodin and his fighter aviation attracted a lot of criticism. But the German Air Force concentrated on bombing London instead of bombing air bases and radar stations, and the British Air Force was restored. Dowding gradually increased the strength of fighter aviation. From1September 7th, 940 to 65438+3 1 year1October 30th, the German Air Force lost 433 fighters and the British Air Force lost 242 fighters. In the third stage of this air battle, from 10 to10, the German Air Force bombed London, Coventry and large residential areas helplessly and aimlessly. Dowding tried his best to organize and direct the struggle against aviation. 1at the end of 0, the British air war ended. From July 1940 to mid-October 1 18, the German Air Force was shot down and the Royal Air Force lost 995 aircraft. Churchill once talked deeply about Britain's contribution to the anti-aviation war: "Never before have so few people made so much contribution to so many people in the field of human war." However, Dowding himself was unlucky and quietly resigned on June 25th. 1940+065438+. The air war in Britain completely shattered Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain. The German army, invincible in Europe since the beginning of World War II, tasted defeat for the first time. During the Second World War in Germany, the British and American air forces carried out a strategic bombing of Germany and its occupied areas for five years. This is the largest and longest-lasting air strike in military history. 1September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. 19401October, Britain began an exploratory bombing of Germany, but the scale was very small. 1942 In August, after the 8th Air Force of the United States entered Britain, the British-American joint bombing began. British and American strategic bombing of Germany can be divided into four stages. The first stage, from May of 1940 to the end of 1942, lasted 2 years and 7 months. Most of the time, Britain bombed alone. 1940 and 194 1 year, the main targets of British bombing of Germany were the oil and aviation industries. Britain has selected 10 aircraft factories as the target, but the aircraft can only reach three of them. It is far from allowing Germany to lose 500,000 tons of oil production capacity within six months. From July 194 1, Britain began to bomb cities located in railway hubs with its main force. In Ruhr, Germany, cities such as Essen, Cologne, Duisburg and Dü sseldorf were bombed by night lights, and three "thousand-plane bombings" were organized to bomb Cologne, Essen and Bremen. In addition to bombers, there are planes that kill aviation and army. One of the biggest attacks was with 1046 aircraft, dropping 1455 tons of bombs. In August 1942, the 8th Air Force of the United States began to participate in the strategic bombing of Western Europe. The bombing of Germany only reached France, Belgium and the Netherlands occupied by Germany. The amount of bombs dropped is only 1500 tons. The scale and intensity of the strategic bombing in the first stage were not large enough, so the results were not great, which had little impact on German industrial production and people's psychology. The second stage, from 1943 1 to 1944 1. At this stage, Britain and the United States had a unified operational goal and strengthened the coordination of strategic bombing of Germany. 1at the casablanca meeting in June, 943, Britain and the United States decided to defeat Germany, and decided to open a second front, demanding that the air forces of the two countries "destroy and disintegrate Germany's military industry and economic system, destroy Germany's prestige, and minimize its armed resistance." The priority of bombing is: submarine industry, aviation industry, transportation system, oil industry and other military industries. But Britain and the United States have great differences on how to implement this decision. The British advocate regional bombing at night, while the Americans believe that it is better to choose a few important industrial targets for complete destruction than to do low-level damage to many industrial targets. For this reason, the United States has formulated a "direct" action plan, including 76 targets of 6 target systems, which is scheduled to be from June 1943 to April 1944, so as to reduce German submarine production and aircraft production by more than two-thirds. 1943, the British air force first launched an air strike on the submarine base along the Biscay Bay in Germany, and then carried out three air strikes to destroy the city: Ruhr, Hamburg and Berlin. During this period, the US 8th Air Force also bombed the German aviation industry and the ball bearing factory. 1On September 27th, 943, the allied forces occupied Foggia airport in Italy. 10 In October, the US 1 15 Air Force and the 205th Bombing Air Group of the British Air Force entered Italy. At this time, Germany and its occupied areas are within the range of British and American aircraft. The United States put the newly developed P-5 1 long-range fighter into use, which reduced the bomber's war damage rate. 1943, Britain and America shot down and wounded German planes in air combat *** 1066 1. The third stage, February-June, 1944. At this stage, the British and American air forces bombed the German aviation industry and transportation system to cooperate with the Normandy landing (Operation Overlord) and seize the battle and strategic air superiority. From February 20 to 25, the US Air Force concentrated on attacking the German aviation industry, dropping 4,000 tons of bombs, and the factories of various German aircraft factories were destroyed by 75%. In March and April, large-scale bombing of aircraft factories and airports continued. Make a large-scale assault on the V- 1 missile launching position. From February to June, Berlin, Leipzig, Frankfurt, Nuremberg and other places were attacked by large-scale air strikes. The fourth stage, from July 1944 to April 16. The final stage of strategic bombing. During this period, Germany's oil industry, transportation system and arsenal were intensively bombed. At the same time, it also bombed big cities. Although this stage is only nine and a half months, the amount of bombs dropped is equivalent to the sum of previous years, and the bombing effect is very obvious. With the advance of the Allied Forces in Western Europe, the bombing of the oil industry was reduced from June 1945 to June 1, which strengthened the attack on the traffic lines. Not only the railway hub was bombed, but also the trains and cars running on the expressway were attacked. The bombing of big cities has never stopped. On April, the plane dropped 4000 tons of cargo in Essen. 12,118 The plane dropped 5000 tons of bombs in Dortmund. Germany has been overwhelmed, the front and rear sides have been hit hard, and the war machine has been unable to operate. 1945 On April 16, Spaatz, commander of the US strategic aviation in Europe, announced the end of air strikes against Germany. During the five-year strategic bombing of Germany, Britain and the United States carried out 444,000 bombings, dispatched more than 6.5438+0.44 million bombers, 2.68 million fighter planes and dropped 2.7 million tons of bombs. Among them, the investment in Germany is 6.5438+0.36 million tons. The United States lost 6.5438+0.8 million aircraft, Britain lost 22,000 aircraft, and the death toll in Britain and the United States was 79,000 each. Germany lost 57385 planes. Germany suffered the most in the bombing. According to American statistics, from June 1939 to May 1945, Britain and the United States bombed more than 500,000 tons of cities with a population of 1 10,000. The population of these cities is 25 million, accounting for 32% of the total population. 300,000 people died, 780,000 people were injured, 7.5 million people were homeless, and 3.6 million houses were destroyed, accounting for 20% of the national housing. According to the records of the German Air Force, more than 250,000 people were killed by bombers and 305,000 people were seriously injured. However, the figures released by the West German Statistical Office 1956 are 570,000 civilian deaths and 885,000 injuries, not including police, civil defense personnel, foreign workers and prisoners of war. The Air Force Committee of the Contemporary Development System is the highest leading body of the Air Force, which consists of the Minister of National Defense, the Minister of State for National Defense, the Deputy Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Assistant Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Director of the Aircraft. The General Staff of the Air Force is the highest command organization of the Air Force, responsible for the operations, training and daily management of the Air Force, and its headquarters is located in London. The chief of staff of the air force is the supreme commander of the air force. The General Staff of the Air Force consists of Strike Command, Logistics Command and Personnel and Training Command. The strike headquarters is located in wickham and has three brigades, which are responsible for air offensive operations, air defense, maritime patrol and rescue, air transport, aerial refueling, communications and other tasks. The logistics command includes communication units, air control and radar units, shooting range, various warehouses, supplies, medical units, etc. The Personnel and Training Command is responsible for personnel management, organization, college education and military training of the Air Force. Air Defense Operations Center The British Air Force is responsible for air defense in Britain and its surrounding waters, with a total area of 6.5438+0.28 million square kilometers. It is one of the four air defense zones of NATO European Allied Forces. Air defense combat missions are usually undertaken by Air Force 1 1 and 18 brigades, using the daily air defense combat center; In wartime, the Air Force Strike Command unified command of air defense operations throughout the air defense zone, using the National Air Defense Operations Center in wickham. The National Air Defense Operations Center governs the south and the north. The early warning system consists of ground radar, airborne early warning aircraft and ballistic missile early warning station. The interception strike system consists of air defense interception force and air defense missile force. By the end of 2000/kloc-0, the air force had 54,000 troops, accounting for 25.5% of the total strength of the armed forces. There are 5 attack/bomber squadrons, 5 attack squadrons, 5 fighter squadrons, 4 reconnaissance squadrons, 3 maritime patrol squadrons, 2 early warning squadrons, 1 electronic intelligence gathering teams, 3 transport/tanker squadrons, 1 school shooting squadrons, 9 tactical helicopter squadrons and 6 modified training teams. It is equipped with nearly 850 aircraft of various types, including 427 combat aircraft, mainly including tornado fighters, Jaguar attack aircraft, Harrier and Falcon. Airborne weapons include Aslam, skylight, AIM-9L/M air-to-air missile, AGM-6562 and AGM-6562. Ground air defense forces are equipped with lightsaber surface-to-air missiles. After the war, the British Air Force successively participated in Berlin Air Transport, Korean War Air Combat, Second Middle East War Air Combat, Falklands War Air Combat, "Desert Storm" Operation, Boqi War, "Desert Fox" Operation, NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia, Afghanistan War on Terrorism and Iraq War.