1. The geographical environment of Wuxi is as follows:
1. Location
Wuxi is located at 31 7 ′ to 32 2 ′ north latitude and 119 31 ′ to 12 36 ′ east longitude, in the corridor between rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River Delta, in the southeast of Jiangsu and in the middle section of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway. East of Suzhou, 128 kilometers away from Shanghai; South of Taihu Lake, bordering Zhejiang Province; Changzhou in the west, 183 kilometers away from Nanjing; It faces the Yangtze River in the north and Jingjiang City under the jurisdiction of Taizhou City across the river.
2. Context
The total area of Wuxi is 4628 square kilometers? (1,643.88 square kilometers in the urban area). By the end of 214, the built-up area was 522 square kilometers, including 782 square kilometers in mountainous areas and hills, accounting for 16.9% of the total area. The water surface area is 1294 square kilometers, accounting for 28.% of the total area.
3. Terrain
The territory of Wuxi City is dominated by plains, with scattered low mountains and residual hills. The south is the water network plain; High sand plain in the north; The middle part is a water network polder made of lowlands; The southwest is a high-lying area with low mountains and hills in Yixing. The rudiment of Wuxi landform was formed in Cathaysian structure in Indosinian period (about 18 million years ago), which made Wuxi area fold into land. However, the Yanshan movement (about 15 million to 7 million years ago) caused the original stable basement to regenerate and rise due to strong volcanic activity and the formation of new fold structures. About 25 million years ago, the Himalayan movement was dominated by differential ups and downs. On the basis of the old structure, it strengthened the folds and faults between east and west, and formed a depression basin centered on modern Taihu Lake to the east of Jiangyin and Yixing, that is, Taihu Basin. The mountains in Yixing extend from east to west, with an absolute height of more than 5 meters. The highest peak is the Yellow Tower, with an altitude of 611.5 meters. On the whole, the hills in Jiangyin and Wuxi city are in the trend of northeast and northeast, and their heights gradually decrease from southwest to northeast. The highest peak is Sanmao Peak in Huishan, with an altitude of 328.98 meters.
4. Climate
Wuxi belongs to the humid monsoon climate zone in the north subtropical zone, with four distinct seasons, abundant heat, abundant precipitation and the same season of rain and heat. Summer is controlled by the summer monsoon from the ocean, with southeast wind prevailing and hot and rainy weather; Winter is controlled by the prevailing winter monsoon in mainland China, and most of them blow northerly winds; Spring and autumn are the alternating periods of winter and summer monsoon, with changeable weather in spring and crisp air in autumn. The average temperature is 16.2℃, the precipitation is 1121.7 mm, the rainy days are 123 days, the sunshine hours are 1924.3 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 43%. The hottest month in a year is July and the coldest month is January. Common meteorological disasters include typhoon, rainstorm, continuous rain, cold wave, hail and strong wind. It has the characteristics of both north and south agriculture, and there are many kinds of crops.
2. Natural resources in Wuxi
1. Water resources
There are more than 3,1 rivers in Wuxi, with a total length of 2,48 kilometers. The total length of the urban river is 15 kilometers, and the water volume in the normal period is 8 million cubic meters. Taihu Lake is the center of Jiangnan water network, covering an area of 2,338.1 square kilometers, with a total storage capacity of 4.428 billion cubic meters, with an average annual volume of about 5.2 billion cubic meters. Therefore, Wuxi is rich in surface water, and the external water supply is sufficient. The urban reserve is 63.49 million cubic meters, and the annual supply is 64.53 million cubic meters.
2. Mineral resources
The mineral resources with mining value in Wuxi are mainly clay minerals, limestone, marble, Shi Ying sandstone for glass, building stones and other non-metallic minerals, followed by combustible minerals such as coal and peat and mineral water. Clay minerals are mainly clay, and more than 5 million tons have been proved in industrial reserve. The estimated reserves of limestone are 1.7 billion tons. The estimated reserve of marble is 5 million cubic meters. More than 4 million tons of coal have been proved in industrial reserve. Just like the name of Wuxi, there is no tin in Wuxi, so there is the slang "Wuxi Xishan Mountain Wuxi".
3. Plant resources
In addition to cultivated plants, Wuxi has 141 families, 497 genera, 95 species and 75 varieties of wild vascular plants which are naturally distributed in the region and naturalized from abroad. The proportion of the whole country is: the number of families, genera and species is 39.94%, 15.61% and 3.5%. Among the plant species, there are 744 herbs, accounting for 78.32% of the total; There are 26 species of woody plants (including bamboo), accounting for 21.68% of the total. The main timber forests are bamboo, pine and Chinese fir, and the excellent timber trees are Chinese fir, sassafras, camphor tree, Machilus, Machilus, Castanea henryi and Ulmus pumila. There are more than 4 kinds of medicinal plants.
4. Animal resources
There are more than 17 species of birds in Wuxi. There are more than 9 kinds of fish, including whitebait in Taihu Lake, swordfish, shad and puffer fish in Yangtze River. There are more than 3 kinds of mammals, mainly South China rabbits, pangolins, Yellow weasel and so on.