The earth dollar, formerly known as ground turtle (ground beetle ) Alias: ground beetle, earth turtle, over the street, ground turtle, knuckleheads, stinkbug mother, earth yuan. It is an insect with a flat, brownish-black body, the male has wings and the female is wingless. Often active in the soil at the root of residential walls. It is a Chinese herbal medicine in short supply in the market. With the destruction of the natural environment and the expansion of domestic and international market demand year by year, the wild earth element has been far from meeting the market demand, and the price in the Chinese herbal medicine trading market in Bozhou, China, has been rising year by year [2]. Also called stinging insects (zhèchóng), commonly known as earth turtle. The female dry body of the cockroach insect Eupolyphagasinensis Walker or Steleophaga plancyi. After catching, it is scalded to death in boiling water and dried in the sun or dried.
Turkey Breeding Technology
OverviewThe ground soft-shelled turtle is a wild insect, which used to be captured as a source of medicine. In recent years, due to the renovation of old houses, the change of wooden floors from oil houses and granaries to asphalt and cement floors, and the inclusion of pest control in the daily routine, ground soft-shelled turtles have lost their natural breeding places, and the capturing of naturally-grown worms alone cannot satisfy the domestic medicinal use and the need for export. Therefore, in order to broaden the source of medicine, many places in the country have carried out artificial rearing, and achieved remarkable results, the artificial rearing of ground beetles can be reproduced in large quantities. It has been proved by many years' farming practice that artificial breeding of ground soft-shelled turtle is a low-cost, high-yield, easy-to-manage, simple equipment, wide range of foodstuffs, strong reproduction, wide adaptability, not competing for land with grain and cotton, and competing for fertilizers with different crops, which is beneficial to our country and our own sideline projects, and it is a promising project that can be bred by collectives, families and individuals. Breeding environment artificial breeding ground turtle is mainly Chinese ground turtle (Bupo1yphagasinensisWalker), mainly for medicinal purposes, are distributed throughout the country. Artificial breeding of ground beetles, to adapt to local conditions, simple and simple. According to the scale of breeding, the size is not confined, in many forms. Cultivation can be raised in tanks, pits (pools), pots, cabinets, boxes and so on. Ground soft-shelled turtle is an incomplete metamorphosis insect, completing a generation to go through the egg, worms, adult three stages, the wild soil dollar takes about one and a half to two and a half years. In southern China, when the temperature rises above 10℃ in April and mid-April every year, it starts to emerge from the ground and stops its activities in mid- to late-November when the temperature drops below 10℃ for overwintering. Except for male adults, all other insect forms can hibernate. The female's egg-laying period starts from early May to mid-November, with June to September as the egg-laying season, and hatching starts at the end of June and early-mid July. All eggs laid before mid-August can hatch in mid-November of that year, and eggs laid from late August to pre-wintering will not begin to hatch until late June or early July of the following year. The growth and development period of the male wakame is about 280 to 320 days, and the female wakame is about 500 days. The speed of growth and development, egg laying and reproduction of ground beetles is closely related to temperature, humidity and food, etc. The suitable temperature for its activities is between 15 and 35℃, with an optimum of 25 to 35℃. If it is lower than 0℃ or higher than 38℃, it will cause a large number of deaths of adults and wakame. The suitable relative humidity is 50～80%. Physiological activities of females can lay eggs one after another, and those that have not crossed their tails can also lay eggs, but they cannot hatch. After the female crosses the tail about 7 days to lay eggs, and then every 4 to 6 days to lay eggs, a female can lay 30 to 40 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs need two months to hatch when the temperature is 26℃, and can hatch in a month or so when it is 30~35℃. The first hatchlings are white and look like bedbugs. They shed their skin for the first time in 8 to 12 days, and when they shed their skin, they do not eat and do not move in a pseudo-death state, and resume their activities in 1 to 2 days, and then shed their skin every 25 days or so. Generally speaking, males shed their skin for 7 to 9 times in their life, and females shed their skin for 9 to 11 times in their life, and then they grow up to be adults. The ground soft-shelled turtle lives in the shady and moist loose soil, afraid of sunlight, commonly found in the moist and warm and humus-rich sweet pota cellar, kiln, stove foot, barn foot and the foot of the wall within the loose soil, woodpile, pigsty, cattle barn stables near the pine in the daytime into the soil lurking, and at night out of the activities, foraging or cross-tailed. The difference between males and females is that the second and third arcs of the three horizontal stripes on the back of the thorax are crescent-shaped, with an arc angle of 700 or so for females and 400 or so for males; four horizontal stripes on the abdomen are for females, and six are for males; a horizontal stripe connecting the tail whiskers at the end of the abdomen is for males, and a horizontal stripe farther away from the tail whiskers is for females; when crawling, the males are six-footed and upright, with a high stance; and the females are six-footed and ambulatory, with a low stance. In the process of rearing, it is important to identify female and male wakame according to the above characteristics, in order to facilitate the matching of male and female adults, cross and kill male. Capture methods One is to capture the wild ones, and the other is to introduce them from other breeders. 1) Artificial capture: gently remove the piles of ground beetles from their habitats at night or slowly peel away the loose soil where they often hide, and when they are found, they can be captured by hand or in a wide-mouth jar, and if there are egg sheaths, they should also be collected together. 2) Bait trapping: in a large-mouthed tiled jar or other light-walled containers, put in people who have been fried and flavored with rice bran bran or soybean cake crumbs as bait, and then bury the jar in the place where the ground beetles often frequent, and the opening of the jar should be level with the ground, and the top of the jar should be covered with a bait. The mouth of the jar should be leveled with the ground, and a few straws or wheat straws can be put on it. When the ground turtle bugs come out to feed in the evening, they can smell the fragrance and climb into the jar but cannot climb out, so they can take out the jar and capture the bugs. Seed introduction method is a part of the breeding industry, and other breeding and planting industry, must follow certain principles to ensure the success of the breeding industry, minimize economic losses. Referring to Hunan Yinanong large hybrid hyundai breeding base experience, hyundai farming need to follow the following principles: 1. Regional principles hyundai farming is more advanced three-dimensional thermostatic breeding method, this method of breeding hyundai high economic efficiency, but this is for the scale of farming farmers. For the customers who are just starting to prepare for the breeding of geoducks, there are no geoducks or very small geoducks can not talk about the three-dimensional constant temperature culture, so it is worth paying attention to the introduction of seeds. From the north to the south of the introduction of seeds, because of the low temperature in the north, the earth yuan and the earth yuan seeds in the greenhouse to stay a long time, while the temperature to the south of the temperature has been raised, the north of the introduction of the earth yuan seeds in the south of the natural environment to stay a long time longer than the north, which requires a process of acclimatization, as if a plant in the greenhouse grows very well, transplanted to the natural environment of the growth of the need for a period of time to adapt to the process. Therefore, the earth yuan from the north to the south of the introduction of the regional span can not be too large, generally can be divided into four regions: south of the Yangtze River, north of the Yangtze River to the south of the Yellow River, north of the Yellow River, and western China. The south of the earth yuan in the natural environment of the growth of time is much longer than the north, adaptability is strong, so from the south to the north of the introduction of seed does not exist in the region, as if the plant from the natural environment transplanted to the greenhouse, the plant can also grow very well. 2. market principle The earth yuan seed introduction of the price of the market and the quality of the difference is large, some of the earth yuan beginner to see the price of the earth yuan seed low price on the positive introduction of the seeds, think that this can be more breeding and save money, but also the price of the earth yuan. You can raise more yuan and save a sum of money, but it is important to note that the quality of the seed is the key. Some farmers think that the seed price is high recovery price and high is good seed, but pay attention to the market principle, the market price of the earth yuan to go to the herbal market query is more accurate, why is the recovery price is a lot higher than the market, this problem deserves the attention of the first keeper. Therefore, the earth yuan seed introduction in accordance with the premise of the two principles of the region and the market, but also need to find down-to-earth large-scale earth yuan farmers for seed introduction is the key to your breeding success. The method of rearing ground beetle from the wild to artificial culture, need to arrange a set of rearing equipment and management techniques compatible with its biological characteristics in order to keep the insects alive and well, and at the same time, through the practice of rearing, and constantly improve, in order to make artificial rearing ground beetles gradually to achieve a stable and high yield. The equipment required for rearing ground soft-shelled turtle bugs should be adapted to local conditions and be simple. According to the number of rearing insects and different conditions, different equipments should be set up. There are special houses and pits, empty houses and wall corners and edges to make pools (pits), and tanks or cabinets, which are of different sizes and in many forms. In summary, there are four kinds of tanks.1) Feeding tank: It is a kind of feeding equipment for small-scale rearing of ground soft-shelled turtle bugs, that is, the commonly used tanks in the family, large and small can be used, and the cracked tanks can be used as long as they are repaired with lime or cement, and the inner wall of the tank should be smooth to prevent ground soft-shelled turtle bugs from crawling outside, and it is generally good to have a caliber of 60cm and a height of 45cm in the tank. The caliber of 60cm and the height of 45cm are good. For the first time, it is usually better to raise them in a tank because of the small quantity. 2) Feeding pit (pool): generally laid in the corner of the wall inside the house, not occupying the main site, the pit can be big or small, one square foot, two square feet, three square feet, the longest one can be 10-15 feet or longer, the width is 2 feet, and the pit is divided into compartments, the depth of the pit, no matter how big or small it is, is about 0.8 feet, the bottom of the pit should be tamped down and made solid, and the pit should be built with bricks around the perimeter of it. Ground 1 feet, the total height of 1.8 feet. The inside and outside of the pit is brushed with lime or cement, required to be smooth and level, and the pit surface should be covered with a cover. 3) Underground road: underground road pit is a solution to the difficulties of the feeding ground, that is, the use of the ground floor in the residence, digging a pit with a depth of 0.8 ft. The bottom of the pit should be tamped down and compacted, and the surrounding area should be built with bricks with a smooth inner wall, the length of which can be determined according to the need or the size of the residence, and the width of the cover can be determined according to the width of the cover to be installed, and the cover can be fixed and made into a 1-ft. piece of brick for every second piece. fixed cover, make a movable floor of about 1 foot width for feeding and inspection purposes. The underground pit can also be divided into compartments for feeding, and the movable boards can be removed every night before going to bed, so that the ground beetles can come and go freely. The underground pit can be walked on during the daytime as usual. In order to prevent rats, ants and other pests, the size of the holes in the doorway around the house should be blocked tightly.4) Feeding cabinet: Like a multi-storey rabbit cage, a multi-storey (2 to 6 layers, etc.) three-dimensional shape is similar to that of a cabinet, which is why it is called a feeding cabinet. This is the best way to make full use of the indoor space area for large-area rearing and to solve the difficulty of the rearing site. Indoors against the wall at the construction of multi-storey feeding cabinets, in addition to one side of the wall, the other three sides or each layer of the bottom of the platform can be used to build a thin cement board or brick into a rectangle, the plane area of 3 to 10 square feet, can be built into 4 to 8 layers, 6 to 8 inches high each layer can be divided into a number of compartments, each compartment should be able to feed and can be ventilated to the door of the activities. It has been proved that the average temperature of multi-layer rearing cabinets is higher than that of rearing pits, so the food intake of ground beetles is significantly increased, and their growth and development are also accelerated, therefore, the time needed for the ground beetles reared in multi-layer rearing cabinets can be greatly shortened from the time when eggs are raised in pits to the time when adult ground beetles complete a generation, and the annual output can also be significantly increased. 5) Bee and turtle joint rearing apparatus: In the process of rearing ground beetles, if the temperature and humidity can be controlled, breeding can be accelerated and the output can be increased. If the temperature and humidity can be controlled, the reproduction can be accelerated and the production can be increased. For this reason, according to the requirement that the optimum temperature for breeding ground soft-shelled turtle is 25~35℃ and the relative humidity is 70%, we can make use of the room temperature (34~35℃) in the beehive and the favorable conditions of relative humidity of about 80% to prepare a turtle breeder and carry out joint rearing in the beehive. There are bottle-type incubators, frame-type feeders, and relay box-type feeders. Bottle-type incubator: A wide-mouth bottle with a height of 23cm and a diameter of 16cm (the size of which can be put into the beehive shall prevail) is used, and some ventilation holes are worn on the bottle cap. Mainly used for egg sheath hatching, the bottom of the bottle into a layer of humidity suitable for the loose soil, from the rearing pool picked out by the unhatched egg sheaths into the bottle, and mixed with the loose soil, soil plus a small amount of feed, weekly inspection once to observe the hatching situation, the hatchlings will be taken out of the hatchlings, placed in a separate feeder rearing. Frame feeder: made of thin wooden boards, the shape is the same as the frame feeder for bees. It is generally 24cm high, 48cm long and 16cm wide. In order to prevent the ground turtle bugs from climbing out, an iron screen can be added to close the lid, mainly used for the mother turtle to lay eggs. Remove the female turtle from the rearing pool together with the rearing soil, put it into the feeder and add appropriate amount of feed. The feeder should be separated from the beehive by a partition. Check the feeder twice a week to observe the egg laying situation and add feed and water to encourage the female turtle to lay eggs. The feeder can be converted from a beekeeping box with a length of 46.5cm, a width of 38cm and a height of 58cm, or it can be used as a nesting box. A thin wooden board should be nailed to the bottom of the box (it is better to use a metal board and a bamboo curtain to spread the temperature). It is mainly used for rearing the wakame, and can also be used for rearing the female turtle and the egg sheath. The capacity of the relay box is large, and the management is convenient, so it can be used for large-scale rearing, but it must be paid attention to when the bees are full of bees and the first nectar period in early spring, and it can be utilized after the outside temperature rises, and in order to recharge large-scale rearing, the relay box can be increased in height in order to expand the capacity. Through the practice of joint rearing of bees and soft-shelled turtles, it has been proved that there should be at least 5 frames of bees in the beehives in order to achieve the purpose of joint rearing and warming, so that the reproductive period of soft-shelled turtles can be shortened, i.e., the completion of a generation can be shortened from the original three years to about two years, and the beginning of egg-laying can be advanced from the original May or June to March or April, with a significant increase in the survival rate and a lot of increase in the reproduction rate compared with that under the natural environment, and the development rate is also accelerated significantly. 6) Feeding soil: The good or bad choice of feeding soil directly affects the adult soft-shelled turtle, and has a close relationship with its growth and development. If the choice of feeding soil is not suitable, it can also make the insects sick or attract mites and other hostile pests, therefore, in choosing which type of soil to feed, what season to take it on, and how much the temperature of the soil is maintained, etc., are the basic conditions that must be considered. Conditions. Generally speaking, it is better to choose the moist and soft, fertile soil with more humus as feeding soil, such as vegetable garden soil, etc. This kind of soil is convenient for ground beetles to burrow into the soil and burrow out of the soil surface to feed on the activities. This kind of soil is convenient for the ground turtle to burrow into the soil and burrow out of the surface of the soil for feeding activities. Localities can also choose according to the specific local soil conditions. Shandong, Jiangsu and other provinces have sandy soil or yellow clay for feeding soil. The sticky soil is easy to clump, narrowing the ambush range of the ground turtle, and will also stick to the body of the insect, affecting the crawling and development, and should not be applied. Generally, it is better to take soil in winter, when there are fewer diseases, insects and fungi in the soil, which can reduce the infringement of ground turtle bugs. When taking soil, you can first turn the soil over and break it up, expose it to the sun to sterilize it, and then use a sieve with 0.08×0.08 inch mesh to sift out the soil and debris. The humidity of the feeding soil soil moisture content is generally 15 to 20% more appropriate, to the extent that the hand pinch can not be formed into a ball, but also should be based on the season, the type of insects, equipment, the humidity of the soil should also make a difference. Generally, it is slightly dry in winter and rainy season, slightly moist in summer and fall, slightly dry for small insects, slightly moist for large insects, slightly dry for rearing pits, slightly moist for the upper compartments of rearing tanks and rearing cabinets, and slightly dry for the mud of preserving the egg sheaths. When the rearing soil is found to be too wet or too dry, attention should be paid to find out the reason and adjust it at the right time. When it is too dry, you can spray a small amount of water or increase the amount of green fodder in the rearing soil, and when it is too wet, you can open the window to ventilate the humidity or reduce the amount of green fodder, etc. These are effective measures to regulate the humidity of the rearing soil. The thickness of the rearing soil is closely related to the size of the age of the insects and the number of insect mouths, and the adult insects including those above the 9th age can drill to a depth of 30cm. Worms in the depth of 6cm or so activities, the number of worm mouth feeding soil thickness should be correspondingly thicker, and vice versa, a little thinner. In order to make the feeding soil loose, fertile, can also be added to the feeding soil in the appropriate amount of grain husk, ash, wood chips or fermented horse dung cow dung, as well as bean shells, river mud and so on. However, it is important to note that you can't use gutter mud or soil with ammonia, pesticides or alkaline soil for feeding.7) Feed: Since ground beetle is an omnivorous insect, it has a wide variety of feeds, which can be classified into three categories: concentrates: mainly the scraps of processed grains and oils, such as wheat bran, rice bran, sesame seeds, and so on. Such as wheat bran, rice bran, hemp cake, soybean cake, cottonseed cake, tofu dregs. Powder dregs (sun-dried), etc., generally can be fed raw, fried with flavor is more like to eat, but do not fry coke. Green fodder: mainly fruits and vegetables, leaves and grass roots and so on, such as cucumbers, winter squash pumpkin skin and flesh, pears, persimmons, peaches, plums, oranges and other fruit branches and peels, sweet pota, sesame seeds, castor, fava beans, peas, purple yum ying, cotton, bok choy, cabbage, cabbage, wild rice, lettuce, amaranth, cabbage leaves as well as mulberry trees, poplars, willows, bubinga, figs, and other leaves can be fed, but pay attention to keep it fresh and clean. Animal feeds: such as leftover scraps of pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits, fish, etc., from cafeterias and homes, are usually fed cooked. Ground beetles and other insects belong to metamerism, their growth, development, reproduction and other life activities are greatly affected by the external environment, especially the temperature and humidity. In summer, the temperature is high, the water is easy to evaporate, and the feeding soil is easy to dry out. Once the temperature is more than 35 ℃ or when it is cloudy and rainy, and the temperature is high, the humidity is high, we should pay special attention to cooling down and ventilating the environment, and we should open the windows in time to circulate the air, and if the feeding soil is dry we can Spray some water, in order to cool down, conditions can also put some ice indoors, and feed more green fodder appropriately. Otherwise, the high temperature will cause a lot of death of ground beetles. When the worms overwinter in winter, we should pay attention to the heat preservation, the temperature should not be lower than 0℃, otherwise the worms will freeze to death and the egg mass will freeze. Insulation methods can be adapted to local conditions, such as closing doors and windows tightly, preferably hanging grass curtains, feeding pits and tanks should be covered (but with ventilation holes), and the surface of the feeding soil can be added with some wheat bran, grass clippings or about 20cm thick gray soil. How many worms should be kept in the feeding soil per unit area is a practical problem that needs to be solved in the production practice. Ground turtle worms like to live in groups in the soil, so the feeding density can be larger, but in the case of unfavorable environmental conditions, the ground turtle worms will kill each other or bite and eat the egg sheaths, so the density should not be too large. Feeding should be according to the age of the insects, the season and the different stages of development to take the appropriate feeding methods, feeding time and feeding quantity. 1 ~ 4 age of the insects, the body of the insects is small and weak, usually in the feeding soil surface layer of the search for food, can be used to feed the method of spreading. Because the worms are mostly concentrated in the edge of the pit, so the pit should be spread around some more and use five fingers to reach into the soil 2 ~ 3cm rake the soil several times in order to make the feed mixed into the surface layer of the soil. The first instar worms do not have the ability to eat green fodder, so they can add green fodder after 2 years of age. 5 years of age or more of the worms come out of the ground to look for food, so they can add a layer of rice hulls on the surface of the feeding soil, and above the rice hulls, they can lay a few pieces of plastic cloth or wooden boards for feeding boards, and then sprinkle the concentrates on the top, so that the worms come out to look for food, and they can go through the rice hulls without any mud, and they can keep the feeds clean to avoid wastage. Every 3 to 4 days, the plastic sheet will be cleaned and brushed once, which is favorable to the worms. In the months with low temperature, you can feed every other day, and in the months with higher temperature, insist on feeding 2 times a day, feeding green feed in the morning and concentrate feed in the evening, keeping the food fresh and not feeding moldy feed. Worms before and after the shedding of the skin, the amount of food is significantly reduced, during the shedding of the skin completely stop eating. At this time, feed less concentrate or not, and resume normal feeding after a large amount of worm skin appears on the surface of feeding soil. Ground soft-shelled turtle will eat egg sheaths in case of hunger or unfavorable environment. In order to avoid this loss, the egg sheaths should be taken out in time and put into the hatching pool or hatching tank to be hatched, and the eggs can be taken out for the first time in the beginning of May in the south of the country every year. When the temperature rises to 30~35℃, the egg sheaths can hatch in about 30 days, so the time should not be more than 1 month. In general, males account for about 30% of the total number of ground soft-shelled turtle bugs. Tests have shown that, among the adult females, 5% of the males are strong enough to meet the needs of copulation, so it is necessary to take de-male measures, i.e., to remove too many males when the wakame develops to the age of 7-8 and process them for medicinal use. Under the general rearing conditions, the development degree of the hatchling worms to the adult stage will be very different from that of the group rearing. In order to make the worms develop normally and avoid unevenness, they can be reared to a certain stage, and can be divided into ①1～6th instar worms, ②7th～8th instar worms, ③9th～10th instar worms, and ④adult worms according to their ages. Can also be divided according to the size of the body: ① sesame type, refers to the development of 1 to 2 months of the worms, the shape of small as sesame seeds; ② soybean type, refers to 3 to 4 months of the worms, like soybean as large as the type of worms; ③ beans type, refers to 5 to 6 months of the worms like the size of the worms of the size of the beans; ④ thumb type, that is, the adult worms, the size of the body like a thumb. According to different types (or ages), different rearing pits are set up. After this classification, the insect batches will be more distinct and develop more neatly, which is convenient for rearing and management. In order to shorten the rearing period and improve the production, some people have explored the application of peeling hormone or juvenile-preserving hormone, and initially gained the results. For the body length of 1.5~2.0cm, the average per gram of feeding peeling hormone 1μg, the maturation period of male worms was shortened by 12.5% and 19%, respectively; such as with the above two kinds of hormones on the age of more than 4 years for the maturation agent of waking worms, then it is possible to complete a generation in 14 months. The application of hormone is still in the exploratory stage, how to correctly grasp the dosage and timing of hormone, hormone in the body of the worm whether the residue and on the patient to take drugs have no adverse effects, further research is needed. In some places, the use of indoor heating to stop the dormancy of ground beetles in winter can also promote its growth and development, but some of them reflect that their physique is weaker than the normal dormant ones, and they are easy to be infected with diseases. In conclusion, there are many problems that need to be further researched and discussed in the process of artificially raising ground soft-shelled turtles. Ground soft-shelled turtle has a small range of activities, but there are many kinds of natural enemies, such as rats, ants, cockroaches, chickens, ducks, toads, frogs, powder mites, spiders, rat women, etc. Among them, the most harmful ones are rats, followed by chickens, ducks, ants and powder mites. Attention must be paid to the prevention and control of the feeding process. Rats can both climb high and drill holes without holes. It will eat not only ground beetles on the soil surface, but also worms and large numbers of egg sheaths to a depth of one foot. It will also burrow into pits in search of food in winter when other food is scarce. In order to prevent and control rodent pests in the construction of ground soft-shelled turtle rearing pool, the bottom of the pool should be solidified with triple-soil, the ground should be covered and checked frequently, especially at night, if you find rats and rodent holes, they should be captured and plugged in a timely manner, and they can also be killed with rodent trapping tools. Ants can climb high and drill holes, as long as there is a tiny hole, it can climb into the pit and harm; ground beetle itself has a very strong fishy odor, and the smell of dead insects is even stronger. The dead insects have a strong odor, and the smell of dead insects is even stronger. When the ground beetle just molts and turns into white tender worms, the crawling is relatively slow. If this kind of worms is found by the ants, thousands of sesame-type worms in a hatching tank will be dragged away in a few hours, and the ants will not only infest the ground beetle but also snatch the food with the ground beetle. In order to prevent ants from drilling into the pool, you can sprinkle some pesticides such as 6% wettable hexachlorobenzene powder or 5% chlordane powder around the pool (tank). Ants found in the pit should be eliminated immediately, and the meat remains can be used as bait for baiting or artificially captured and killed. If ant nests have been built in the pits, it will be more troublesome and must be exterminated as early as possible. Mites are the important natural enemies of ground soft-shelled turtle, which are easy to occur in rice bran and wheat bran in summer and autumn, and can cause the feed to become moldy and deteriorate. The mites in ground soft-shelled turtle feeding tanks and pits are usually introduced by the rice bran and other foodstuffs, and may also be brought in by unsterilized or poorly sterilized feeding soil, and they are very hazardous to ground soft-shelled turtle because of their rapid reproduction and large numbers. In general, mites parasitize the head, back, abdomen and roots of the legs of the ground beetle, preventing the growth and development of the beetle, making the body of the beetle gradually thin and weak, and lowering the reproduction rate, often resulting in mass death. Pollution of food and environment may cause the mites to become weak and die. Prevention and control of mite infestation should be based on the principle of prevention rather than cure. Pay attention to check the feed, do not bring the mites with the feed into the pool, chaff, bran, etc. can be fried first and then used as feed. Feed quantitatively and remove the remaining feed residues in time. The carcasses of ground beetles, empty shells of egg sheaths, etc. are breeding places or parasites for mites, and strictly control the temperature and humidity in summer and rainy season to get rid of mite infestation. Carefully check the feeding soil and pay attention to avoid bringing mites into the pool with the feeding soil. Sterilize the feeding soil by sunlight before use. If mites are found to invade into the feeding pool, you can use the habit of ground beetle to come out at night and in the daytime, put some fried wheat bran and soybean powder on the feeding board to attract mites, and then take out the feeding board in the evening to deal with it, and the damage can be reduced after several days of successive trapping. When the mite infestation is serious, the feeding soil should be replaced completely. Sieve out the ground beetle and pour it into dry fine sand and let it crawl for half an hour, so as to wipe off the mites parasitized on the body of the insect, and at the same time, bake the pit wall with fire for once, so that the mite infestation can be cleared more thoroughly. Spiders have a strong reproductive ability, if not eliminated in time, spider webs will be seen everywhere in the rearing room, these webs are very harmful to ground beetles, especially to the winged male adults, often stuck in the spider webs and eaten by spiders, which also hinders the management operation. The spiders can be swept down and killed by manual cleaning. In addition, 25% insecticide 300 times solution can be used for spraying, which can basically be eliminated twice a month. Spraying can be carried out in the morning, and all the leftover foodstuffs have to be removed before spraying, but spraying on the body of the insects will have no effect on the ground beetles. In general, there is no serious disease in ground soft-shelled turtle bugs, but poor management or high temperature and humidity in the rainy season with high density of insect population will easily infect the bugs with mold disease, which can cause a large number of deaths in serious cases. Infected with mold disease, the surface of the insect body is not shiny, dark green abdomen, stagnant action, thin and shriveled body, not come out at night to forage for food, and sometimes crawl out of the pool surface during the day to die, but also die in the soil. The cause of the disease is not clear, and some people think it is caused by fungal infection. In the feeding of ground soft-shelled turtle, we should always do a good job in the prevention of diseases, ventilate when the temperature and humidity are too high, keep the feed fresh, often remove the feed residues, shells and other things, and keep the pool clean. In addition, adding a small amount of yeast flakes and hygromycin powder in the feed for the worms can help digestion and promote the growth of ground soft-shelled turtles, in order to enhance the ability to resist diseases. In addition to the above diseases, sometimes the body of the insects show the abdomen expanded and shiny; greenish-yellow, dilute feces and other diseases, some people call it belly disease, sometimes the body of the insects wet body sticky soil, the edge of the abdomen black, feces were watery diarrhea, soy sauce, which are endangering the normal growth and development of the ground turtle bugs, the cause of the disease is not yet clear, but is generally believed to be due to the feeding of the inappropriate time, the insect mouth is too dense, the temperature and humidity is not suitable, but also by the invasion of germs. The cause of the disease is not yet clear. These are still not clear, and need to be further studied in depth in the future feeding practice to be resolved.Attached to the picture of the earth element:
Earth element
Earth element
Earth element
Earth element
Other references can be made to:
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