(1) The overall design of the intelligent building system is the leader, which is the comprehensive embodiment of the functional orientation and investment objectives of the intelligent building.
(2) Design standards, construction codes and regulations are the basis of project implementation and project quality evaluation, and are the goals pursued by project builders.
(3) The implementation of the project is the key to the success of the intelligent building project, which is to make the design come true and the dreams of the owners and users come true.
(4) Grasping the six main links in the project implementation is the basic guarantee for the success of the project implementation:
Deepen design, engineering interface, building installation, system debugging, system inspection, system acceptance and system maintenance.
2. Implementation status of intelligent building engineering.
2. 1 Existing national and local standards, codes and regulations cannot cover all subsystems in conventional intelligent engineering.
Not only do conventional electronic conference systems, multimedia and large-screen systems, smart cards and wireless communication have no corresponding design standards and specifications to follow, but new systems, new products and new technologies are constantly emerging.
2.2 The existing standards, norms and procedures cannot cover the contents of the above six main links.
2.2. 1 At present, there is no unified standard for the contents and requirements of the in-depth design of each subsystem.
According to the characteristics and requirements of different subsystems, the content, requirements and scope of deepening design are clearly defined; Clarify the design interfaces of subsystems, including those among integrators, architectural design institutes and product suppliers; Each subsystem deepens the composition, depth and requirements of design documents.
2.2.2 There is no uniform regulation for the debugging of each subsystem.
The main contents and functions of software and hardware monomer and system debugging of each subsystem should be clarified; Composition of test documents, requirements, methods, items and equipment requirements, etc.
2.2.3 inspection procedures of each subsystem
The existing national, local and industrial inspection regulations cannot cover the conventional subsystem, not only because the conventional subsystem is not covered, but also because the inspection items and contents are not unified. There are no clear and unified requirements for equipment and instruments, and the third-party testing of some subsystems is not fully included in the standard requirements for system acceptance.
2.2.4 There are no rules for the maintenance, operation, management and training of each subsystem.
The maintenance, operation management and training of the system is an important guarantee for the long-term realization of the ultimate goal, investment return and benefit after the project is implemented. At present, the maintenance and operation management of the system are mostly handled by the property management unit, and there is no unified regulation and requirement to ensure the long-term normal operation of the system; There are no unified requirements and assessment standards for the training content of the system and the requirements for operators and system maintenance engineers.
2.2.5 The engineering interface is not standardized.
(1) The determination of engineering interface is a necessary condition for system opening and the basis of system integration.
(2) The contents of engineering interface should include design material supply interface, design interface, technical interface and construction interface.
(3) Engineering interface involves the engineering interface between intelligent system and electromechanical engineering, including air conditioning, power supply and distribution, lighting, elevator, water supply and drainage, diesel generator, etc. Engineering interfaces between subsystems, including the contents of engineering interfaces involved in linkage and communication between subsystems. The engineering interface between intelligent system and external supporting projects should include communication access, wired access and integrated supporting projects. The engineering interface between intelligent system and civil engineering and decoration engineering includes the coordination of design interface and construction interface and process coordination.
(4) Determine the main problems of engineering interface in the current project implementation.
At present, the bidding documents and contract documents of most projects do not elaborate the scope and content of the above-mentioned engineering interfaces in detail, so that all units are wrangling with each other during the project implementation, which affects the progress and quality of the project. The determination of the scope and content of the above-mentioned engineering interfaces, including the division of engineering interfaces and technical requirements, has no relatively unified normative basis.
2.3 Existing standards, specifications and procedures have some problems in operability, qualitative and quantitative aspects.
The same content of a system should be different in qualitative, quantitative and operability among national standards, local standards and industry standards. It is suggested that local standards should give priority to operability and quantify it as much as possible according to the actual situation, so as to facilitate standardized implementation. Some quantitative standards involved in the above standards are not sufficiently based, and some project contents are difficult to realize in the engineering site; The test methods, instruments and equipment used in the system test regulations and system debugging regulations and their technical requirements are not clear.
2.4 The implementation of standards, norms and procedures is not strong.
Because there are some problems in the scope, content, qualitative, quantitative and operability of the current national standards, when there is a dispute in the implementation of the project, it will be used as the basis for judging; The project owner has not taken all these specifications and standards as the basis of project implementation; At present, these standards and norms may belong to guiding norms, so their publicity and implementation are not strong.
3. Quality management, control and countermeasures of intelligent weak current engineering
3. 1 technical management
(1) According to the contract and design requirements, the engineering interfaces between weak current systems, between subsystems and electromechanical equipment, between civil engineering and decoration specialty, the engineering scope between product suppliers, engineering contractors and construction units, the determination of responsibility interfaces, and the modification, adjustment and reconfirmation of these engineering interfaces in the process of project implementation should be determined.
We believe that the determination of weak current engineering interface is a necessary condition for system opening, and it is also one of the key or difficult points in weak current engineering technology management.
The determination of engineering interface usually includes the determination of equipment and material supply interface, system technology interface, design interface and construction interface.
Equipment and material supply interfaces: such as BAS, various valves, dampers and their actuators, flow and pressure sensors, communication interface cards and their corresponding software, and fire alarm system to determine the supply interfaces of field equipment, such as relays, junction boxes, cameras in elevator bridge, and various cables of card readers. System technical interface: signal and logic matching between various sensors, actuators and DDC actuators, communication protocol and transmission rate matching between SA, FA and BA and controlled equipment, determination of technical interface between SA, FA, BA, OA and CA integrated management systems, data requirements and * * * enjoyment range. Determination of design interface: it is mainly the determination of the functions of each subsystem to the controlled object and the linkage functions between subsystems, such as whether BMS carries out secondary monitoring or supervised control on the controlled objects of FA and SA, the linkage functions between BA, FA and SA, and the linkage control functions between secondary subsystems in SA system, such as the linkage between burglar alarm and closed-circuit television and the graphic switching function. And the division between intelligent weak current engineering and air conditioning, power supply and distribution, lighting and design interfaces, especially the determination of construction interfaces: usually each subsystem has a supplier or contractor to undertake the project construction, so it is necessary to determine the construction scope and interfaces between them, especially the determination and division of pipeline construction and wiring scope, the quality control interface between processes and types of work, and the construction and installation of valves, damper actuators and various sensors related to electromechanical equipment.
(2) Pay special attention to the review of technical and construction design drawings and materials.
Design is the main link of project implementation, especially the weak current engineering design involves a wide range of professions and types of work. Therefore, before construction, we must do a good job in auditing weak current engineering technology and construction design, find problems in time, and take necessary measures to ensure the construction period and quality and reduce rework. Especially for weak current projects, the above drawings must be reviewed to ensure that the equipment list and monitoring point list in the construction drawing must be consistent with the actual situation. That is to say, each monitoring point in the list of monitoring points must be reflected on the drawings and matched with the controlled point or monitoring point interface, and the number, model and specification of its equipment are consistent with the drawings and equipment list, so as to ensure the integrity of the system on hardware equipment and check whether it meets the requirements of interface interface, linkage and technical parameters of information communication interface.
3.2 Weak current engineering quality control and its countermeasures
The quality control of weak current engineering should be all-round, and the focus here is on the quality control of design, construction and commissioning in the three main stages of project implementation according to the characteristics of weak current engineering.
Quality control in design stage
(1) Check and confirm that the system design, technical design, function description and equipment selection of each subsystem must meet the requirements of contract, owner and functional requirement analysis.
(2) According to the determined engineering interface requirements, check whether the technical handover data between the specialty and the subsystem meets the requirements, including functions, signal matching, equipment configuration, logic, etc.
(3) Check that the design pipeline of the controlled object is in place and the signal interface functions of both parties meet the design requirements.
(4) Conduct a comprehensive review of the design drawings to ensure that the equipment list and monitoring point list are completely consistent with the construction drawings.
3.2.2 Quality control of construction projects
In addition to meeting routine project management, the quality of weak current projects should focus on the following aspects:
(1) Strengthen the coordination between majors and types of work.
Weak current engineering involves civil engineering, decoration, air conditioning, water supply and drainage, power supply, lighting, elevators and other majors. In a sense, weak current engineering is a collaborative type of work. Therefore, it is necessary to closely cooperate and coordinate with the above-mentioned majors on the project site, especially in the installation of valves, water pipe temperature sensors, flow meters and water flow switch, the location of openings, the welding of bosses, and the cooperation between dampers and actuators. , and need to coordinate with the corresponding type of work, to prevent the addition of BAS sensors and actuators after the completion of process pipelines in various professions.
(2) Strengthen the inspection and acceptance between processes.
Because the installation and debugging of pipes, wires, troughs and wires in weak current engineering may be carried out by different construction units, after the construction of each working procedure or type of work is completed, the corresponding construction record or installation form must be filled in, and the single equipment must be installed. When threading and wiring, handover and acceptance shall be carried out in accordance with the corresponding engineering acceptance specifications and concealed engineering design drawings, and the test records of single equipment shall be made, and complete engineering technical files shall be submitted to ensure the engineering quality and prevent disputes.
(3) Quality control should be carried out by stages according to the construction technology and relevant construction and acceptance specifications.
(4) Carry out construction and quality control according to the quality assurance system of the illustrated construction process block diagram.
(5) Make construction records and acceptance of electrical pipes, trunking, cable laying and concealed works.
(6) According to the key points of construction technology, complete the quality inspection form of single equipment installation.
(7) According to the requirements of design and product technical specifications, record the testing and debugging of single equipment.
system debug
(1) Document inspection and design drawing inspection before system debugging: construction design drawings and materials such as system diagram, control schematic diagram, pipeline construction drawing, various wiring tables, equipment installation layout, product technical specifications, etc. Records of line laying and testing, including acceptance report of concealed works; Equipment installation records include the handover acceptance sheet between various types of work and the test records of controlled single equipment.
(2) According to the design, specifications and contract requirements, prepare the debugging scheme and organize its implementation after examination and confirmation.
The debugging scheme must be compiled separately according to each subsystem, and its contents should include the debugging procedure, inspection or test items, methods, evaluation requirements or standards, test instruments and equipment of a single device. On the basis of debugging of each subsystem, under normal operation, linkage control can be carried out between each system and other professional electromechanical equipment according to design requirements.
(3) Record, check and confirm all test data according to the above requirements, deal with problems in time and put forward measures, which will be confirmed by relevant departments.
(4) Check in strict accordance with the specifications and the requirements of the above debugging scheme.
3.2.4 Handle the relationship between weak current engineering and electromechanical engineering.
The essence of intelligent weak current engineering is to serve mechanical and electrical engineering, so that it can better reflect the functional requirements of mechanical and electrical engineering for buildings, and make its high technology organically integrated into mechanical and electrical equipment systems, becoming a veritable intelligent building. The implementation of weak current engineering is closely related to mechanical and electrical engineering, and some systems are essentially attached to mechanical and electrical equipment systems. In order to ensure the essence of the project, we must pay attention to the following aspects:
If the construction project adopts the general contracting method, the weak current project is closely related to electromechanical engineering, especially BA and FA, air conditioning, electricity, water supply and drainage, elevators, diesel generators and so on. Therefore, the management of weak current general contractors in electromechanical general contractors is usually beneficial to their cooperation and coordination.
(1) Weak current in electromechanical engineering and main engineering interfaces
As mentioned above, the weak current system is closely related to cold and heat source equipment, AHU, various fans, elevators, power distribution lighting systems, diesel generators, etc. in the air conditioning system. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the design, equipment materials, technical interfaces and construction engineering interfaces of weak current systems and electromechanical equipment at different stages of project implementation.
(1) In the electromechanical equipment orders contract, the technical requirements (technical performance parameters and technical interface requirements), the supply scope of equipment and materials, the technical design interface and the construction interface of weak current system must be specified.
Cold and heat source equipment: start-stop control requirements and methods; For example, the communication mode must specify the connection mode, communication protocol, data format, transmission requirements of performance parameters, interface equipment and software interface. AHU equipment: frequency conversion control requirements. Elevator equipment: interfaces with closed-circuit television, video and power cables, card readers, floor displays and elevator forced landing requirements. Power transformation and distribution equipment: monitoring parameter requirements, data transmission mode and interface. Diesel generator equipment: monitoring parameter requirements, data transmission mode and interface.
② At the stage of technical design
In the process of BA and FA technical design, the details and requirements of specific technical interfaces between subsystems must be further clarified and determined in writing. According to the requirements of monitoring table and linkage, it involves the design of the secondary circuit of the electric control box, and takes the valves of water chillers (cold source equipment), elevators, power distribution equipment (high and low voltage cabinets), diesel generators, heat source equipment and air conditioning water system as the basis for the construction design of both parties, and reconfirms and modifies the equipment and material supply and construction interfaces.
③ Construction design stage
Both parties confirm their respective construction designs and reconfirm the above four interfaces, so that the contract, technical requirements and construction drawings are consistent, which is the basis for both parties to provide detailed lists of equipment and hardware, and at the same time, to prevent omissions or interface inconsistencies, and to keep the drawings consistent, that is, to ensure the correctness of drawings and avoid errors and rework in the construction process, which is the basic guarantee for normal debugging and opening of the system.
4. Standardize project implementation with standards.
4. 1 gradually supplement the existing standards and specifications, and revise and improve them in time.
As standards and specifications always lag behind the implementation of the project, it is suggested that relevant departments organize relevant units to do this work in time.
Organized by the relevant departments of the Municipal Construction Committee, edited by Shanghai Installation Association and Shanghai Installation Engineering Co., Ltd., and composed of 12, the compilation team of Shanghai Technical Specification for Intelligent Building Engineering controls and standardizes these main links in the implementation of the above projects in order to guide and standardize the implementation of the projects.
4. 1. 1 Scope of application of the Code
The Code is mainly aimed at intelligent weak current systems without special professional technical requirements in new construction, expansion and reconstruction.
4. Main subsystems involved in1.2
Security system: including CCTV system, burglar alarm system, patrol system, access control system and parking lot management system; Automatic fire alarm and linkage control system; Construction equipment management system; Communication automation system: including program-controlled switching system, public broadcasting and emergency broadcasting system, satellite digital TV and cable TV system, wireless coverage system and wireless calling system; Integrated wiring system; Computer network system; Audio and video systems; Multimedia system; Intelligent integrated management system; Intelligent residential quarters; Computer room engineering; Lightning protection and grounding system.
4. 1.3 Each subsystem in the Specification mainly includes the following contents according to the requirements and functions of each subsystem.
(1) Deepening design and its main contents: design elements and functional design; Interface design includes design interface, technical interface interface and its requirements, and the composition and requirements of design documents are clearly deepened according to the requirements of different systems.
(2) System debugging and its main contents: conditions for system debugging; Single system or point-to-point debugging; Function debugging of subsystem or single equipment; Linkage debugging between this system and other systems.
(3) System detection and its main contents: conditions for system detection; Test requirements for a single system or equipment; Test requirements for system functions; Test the connection between this system and other systems and its requirements.
(4) System acceptance and its main contents: engineering acceptance conditions; Contents and methods of system acceptance; Evaluation method and acceptance conclusion; Record the acceptance requirements.
(5) System maintenance, management and training: the contents and requirements of daily operation and management of the system; Contents and requirements of maintenance and management of system equipment; Training contents and requirements for system operators.
(7) System debugging, testing and acceptance table: various tables are determined according to the requirements and characteristics of each subsystem: system or equipment debugging record table; System or equipment test table; System acceptance form.
4. 1.4 Main features of the Code
(1) emphasizes the "intrinsic" quality of intelligent engineering. Deepening the integration of design, system debugging, system inspection, system acceptance, system maintenance and training not only reflects the coverage of the Code, but also emphasizes the internal quality of the project.
(2) The guiding ideology of compiling the Code emphasizes the operability of the Code and quantifies it as much as possible under the premise of being clear and qualitative, which is convenient for implementation and inspection.
(3) The scope and content of the Code should cover the conventional subsystems of intelligent engineering and the main links of project implementation. Especially in deepening the training of design, system debugging and system maintenance, the existing standards and specifications have been greatly supplemented and revised.
(4) The specification of the building installation part will refer to the revised GB 50339-2003 specification.
4.2 Strengthen the management of standards and norms
The current "norms" and "standards" should be revised and supplemented in time; It is suggested to set up a permanent organization to do this work well, such as a professional association to take charge of this work and make contact with foreign countries;
Improve the national norms, local standards and enterprise standards, and the three-level norms and standards system;
Conditional engineering contractors should prepare technical specifications for engineering construction to match the national standard "Code for Acceptance of Engineering Quality" to improve the competitiveness of enterprises;
The third-party inspection of the project will be carried out by the inspection unit recognized by the quality inspection agency as a condition for system acceptance.
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