Chinese Name: Li Siguang
Nationality: Chinese
Ethnicity: Mongolian
Birthplace: Xiangfenwan, Huilongshan, Huanggang County, Hubei Province
Date of Birth: October 26, 1889
Date of Death: April 29, 1971
Li Siguang (1889-10-26 - April 29, 1971) was a member of the Central Academy of Sciences. April 29, 1971), an ethnic Mongolian with the Chinese character Zhong Gong (仲拱), formerly known as Li Zhong Kui (李仲揆), was born on October 26, 1889, in a poor family in Huanggang City, Hubei Province (present-day Huilongshan Town, Tuanfeng County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province). Li Siguang was a world-renowned scientist, geologist, educator and social activist, and was one of the founders and main leaders of modern earth science and geology in China. He attended a private school taught by his father, Li Zhuohou, when he was 14 years old, he said goodbye to his parents and came to Wuchang alone to enroll in the Higher Primary School. When filling out the enrollment form, he mistook the name column for the age column and wrote down the word "fourteen", then he had the bright idea to change the word "ten" to "Li", and added the word "light" after it. The word "light" was added to the end of the word, and from then on, the name "Li Siguang" was passed down to the world. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Li Siguang served as provost of Changchun Institute of Geology and director of the Department of Geology and Mining. In 1904, Li Siguang was selected to study in Japan because of his excellent academic performance. Because of the influence of anti-Manchu revolutionary ideas with Han nationalism in Japan, Li became the youngest member of the Allied Association led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who took "expelling the Tartars and restoring China" as his mission. Sun Yat-sen appreciated Li Siguang's ambition: "It is good that you want to revolutionize at such a young age. He also gave him eight words: "Study hard and be useful to your country." In 1910, Li Siguang returned to China after completing his studies in Japan. After the Wuchang Uprising, he was appointed as a counselor of the financial management department of the Hubei military government, and was later elected as the minister of the Ministry of Industry. After Yuan Shikai came to power, the revolutionaries were ostracized, and Li once again left his country to study at the University of Birmingham in the U.K. In 1918, Li, who had received his master's degree, decided to return to China. In 1918, Li Siguang received his master's degree and decided to return to China. On his way, he traveled to Moscow to learn more about Russia after the October Revolution. In 1920, Li became a professor and head of the geology department at Peking University, and in 1928, he moved to Nanjing to become the director of the Institute of Geology of the Academia Sinica, and was later elected president of the Geological Society of China. He led his students and researchers to run around in the field all year round, trekking across mountains and rivers in the motherland. He went to
Europe and the United States several times to give lectures, participate in academic conferences and investigate geological formations. In July 1928, the national government decided to form the National Wuhan University, the national government college (Ministry of Education) President Cai Yuanpei appointed Li Siguang as Wuhan University Construction Preparatory Committee Chairman, and selected the new site of Wuhan University (Wuhan University, there is also a statue of Li Siguang site selection). In the fall of 1949, when the founding of New China was approaching, Li Siguang, who was abroad, was invited to be a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). After getting the news, he immediately made preparations to return to China. At this time, a friend in London (Ling Shuhua. Chen Yuan and his wife) called and told him that the ambassador of the Kuomintang government in Britain had received a secret order, asking him to make a public statement refusing to accept the post of CPPCC member, or else he would be detained. Li Siguang made an immediate decision and left London for France alone. Two weeks later, Mrs. Li Xu Shubin received a letter from Li Siguang, saying that he had arrived in Basel on the border between Switzerland and Germany. In Basel, the couple bought tickets for a ship from Italy to Hong Kong, and in December 1949, they secretly returned to China. Returning to the embrace of the new China, Li Siguang was entrusted with important responsibilities, and successively served as Minister of the Ministry of Geology, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Federation of Science and Technology, and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Despite his advanced age, he still fought on the front line of scientific research and national construction, and made great contributions to China's geology, petroleum exploration and construction endeavors. In August 1951, Changchun Geological College, Department of Geology and Mineralogy of Shandong University, Department of Geology and Department of Physics of Northeast Institute of Technology were merged to form the Northeast Institute of Geology (later known as Changchun Institute of Geology, now known as the Department of Geology of Jilin University), with Li serving as the first dean, and in 1952, Li was invited to return to the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to work again. In 1958, Li Siguang was introduced by He Changgong and Zhang Jinfu to join the Chinese ****productivity party, and became a ****productivist soldier from a national democrat.After the 1960s, Li Siguang's health got worse and worse due to overwork, but he still devoted himself to the prediction and forecast of earthquakes, as well as the use of geothermal heat, etc. with great enthusiasm and energy.Li Siguang died on April 29th, 1971, aged 82, of a disease. Li Siguang died on April 29, 1971, at the age of 82. In his early years, Li Siguang wrote this poem in memory of a good student, which is also a brilliant portrayal of his lifelong engagement in geoscientific research. On the rugged road of the Five Ridges, you traveled from me. The peaks are hidden and seen again, surrounding the head of Xiangshui River. The wind and clouds suddenly change their colors, and the plague covers the Golden Moutain. The mountains are not there anymore, but the stone traces are there for thousands of years.
Li Siguang's greatest contribution is the creation of geomechanics, and the mechanical point of view to study the phenomenon of crustal movement, to explore the laws of geologic movement and mineral distribution, he established the concept of the new Huaxia tectonic system, analyzed its characteristics, and the use of these theoretical concepts to explore the geological conditions of China and the conditions for the formation of oil. As early as in the 1940s, Chinese geologist Pan Zhongxiang clearly put forward the theory of terrestrial oil production, stating that there must be oil in China's widely spread terrestrial strata, theoretically refuting the Western view that China is poor in oil. 1950s, under the leadership of Minister Li Siguang, through the continuous theoretical exploration and practice of geologists such as famous geologists of China, such as Huang Kiqing and Xie Jiarong, he affirmed that the eastern part of China, especially the Songliao Basin in northeast China, has the advantage of having a large amount of petroleum. especially the Songliao Basin in Northeast China, had good conditions for oil storage. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, after listening carefully to the report, supported the viewpoint of the Ministry of Geology and, according to the suggestion of the Ministry and Li Siguang, started a large-scale oil census in Songliao Plain and North China Plain. 1956, under the presidency of Li Siguang, the oil census and exploration work, in a very short period of time, successively discovered the oil fields of Daqing, Shengli, Dagang, Huabei, Jianghan, etc., which established a monumental merit for the oil industry of China. This has established a monumental honor for China's petroleum industry. From the late 50's to the 60's, the exploration department successively found Daqing oil field, Dagang oil field, Shengli oil field, North China oil field and other big oil fields, which made the oil come out when the country was in urgent need of energy for construction. In this way, not only the hat of "China's oil-poor" was removed, but also the theory of terrestrial oil production put forward by the Chinese and the theory of geomechanics founded by Li Siguang were proved to be the most powerful.
Li has lived in the countryside for nearly 14 years. From the age of five or six, he studied in the private school where his father taught, and had to help his mother fetch firewood, pound rice, push the mill, and carry water....... The hard life cultivated his spirit of hard struggle and stubborn character. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolutionary Movement, the rise of foreign affairs, Hubei set up a lot of new school, in order to talk about the new school and new and different. Li Siguang was y attracted to the new school, and he went there to take the examination and was admitted with excellent grades. In the new school, he was hungry to learn new knowledge, and because he was the first in every examination, he was selected as a government-funded student by the province and sent to Japan to study shipbuilding. Li Siguang spent seven years in Japan, where he joined the China League under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In the second year after Li Siguang's return to China, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and he took part in the defense of Hankou. As a newly-appointed counsellor of the Financial Management Department of the Hubei Military Government, he personally organized dockworkers and rickshaw drivers to transport munitions and go to the front line. Subsequently, he was elected as the Minister of Industry in the Hubei Military Government. Just when Li Siguang was ready to do something big, the Xinhai Revolution failed. He became furious and concentrated on the study of science and technology, taking the road of "science to save the country". He went to the United Kingdom to study, first studying mining, and later switching to geology. He prayed for the day when he could see a clear political world and contribute his youth and blood to the motherland. Life as a student was not easy. In order to keep up with the rising tuition fees, Li went to work in the mines during his vacations. During his six years at the University of Birmingham, he not only excelled in his major studies, but also mastered English proficiently, earning a bachelor's degree and a doctorate. After graduation, he politely declined a well-paid offer from a mine and accepted Mr. Cai Yuanpei's invitation to return to his homeland to work as a professor in the geology department of Peking University.
One day in 1952, Mao Zedong, in the midst of his busy schedule of worrying about domestic and foreign affairs, as well as internal and external party affairs, received Li Siguang during a meeting. That day, Li Siguang returned home, the spirit of extraordinarily energized, excitedly talked about the happy scene of the reception: Mao Zedong stout. Mao Zedong is stout, red-faced, approachable and amiable. Mao Zedong asked him: "What is the mountain-shaped structure", can you tell me about it? Li Siguang was very moved. Mao Zedong was so knowledgeable and concerned about the development of geological sciences that he even noticed such a specialized concept as "zigzag tectonics" in geomechanics. During the period when Li Siguang was the minister of geology, Chairman Mao Zedong gave instructions on geology many times. 1953, Mao Zedong pointed out that the Ministry of Geology was the Party's geological survey and research department. 1956, Mao Zedong pointed out that the Ministry of Geology was the reconnaissance department of the underground situation, and that if it did not do a good job, if a horse got in the way, ten thousand horses could not move forward, and that it was necessary to make a five-year plan earlier.
Mao Zedong also attached great importance to the geomechanics created by Li Siguang, and in 1955, Premier Zhou Enlai supported the establishment of the Geomechanics Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Geology in accordance with Mao Zedong's instructions. Since then, on the basis of this research laboratory, it has been gradually developed, and today there is a specialized Institute of Geomechanics. Mao Zedong was extremely concerned about China's petroleum prospects. One day, at the beginning of the first five-year plan, Mao received Li Siguang in a living room in Zhongnanhai. Zhou Enlai was also present. In the middle of the conversation, Mao Zedong asked with concern about China's vision for natural oil. Li Siguang had paid attention to this problem as early as 1932. Later, from 1935 to 1936, when he was lecturing in England, he wrote a book entitled "Geology of China", in which he mentioned "the sediments of economic value in the East China Sea and North China", which actually referred to petroleum. He replied to Mao Zedong in an optimistic and very affirmative tone that there was a promising future for natural petroleum in China. Based on decades of research in geomechanics, he analyzed China's geological conditions to Mao and Zhou Enlai from the point of view of the New Huaxia tectonic system, and concluded that the reserves of natural petroleum resources in China's vast domain should be abundant. The Songliao Plain, the North China Plain including the Bohai Bay, the Jianghan Plain and the Gulf of Tonkin, as well as the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, all contain sediments of economic value". This sentence, because it used to be written in English, was deliberately vague. Hearing this, Zhou Enlai smiled and said, "Our Minister of Geology is very optimistic! Mao Zedong also laughed happily and immediately made a strategic decision about carrying out oil census exploration. According to Mao Zedong's strategic decision, the Ministry of Geology, together with its sister departments, carried out strategic oil census and exploration throughout the country. According to the theory of geomechanics, they carried out oil census of varying degrees in some vast sedimentary basins of the Middle and Cenozoic Dynasties in an area of about 2 million square kilometers. More than 3,000 census wells were drilled, with a total footage of more than 1.2 million meters. From the large amount of geological data obtained, not only the basic features of China's petroleum geology were initially clarified, but also it was confirmed that China had abundant natural petroleum resources. The fact that a large amount of oil was later ejected from Daqing Oilfield is the best example. Geomechanics was tested in the practice of oil searching. Mao Zedong kept this matter in his mind, and in 1964, during the third session of the National People's Congress (NPC), an attendant comrade found Li Siguang among the NPC deputies and said to him, "Please go to the Beijing Hall for a while!" At that time, Li Siguang did not know what was going on. When he walked into the Peking Hall, he saw that Mao Zedong was the only one sitting there in the hall. Li Siguang didn't think it was Mao Zedong looking for him, and thinking that the waiter had told him the wrong place, he hurriedly apologized and said, "Chairman, I'm sorry, I've gone to the wrong door!" But Mao Zedong walked over with a healthy stride, shook Li Siguang's hand tightly, and said, "There's no mistake, it's me who's looking for you." Mao Zedong then said to Li Siguang wryly, "Li Siguang, you are good at taijiquan." Li Siguang didn't understand what Mao meant for a moment and replied, "I'm not in good health and I've just learned a little." Mao Zedong smiled and said, "Your taijiquan of geomechanics." Only then did Li Siguang understand that Mao's words were a high praise for him and the vast number of petroleum geologists who worked together to find oil with the new Huaxia tectonic system. Mao's praise inspired Li Siguang to contribute to finding more oil for his country. Sometime in 1964, Mao Zedong once again received Li Siguang. After a meeting in Huairen Hall, Mao invited Li to watch the Yu opera "Chaoyanggou", which had been performed for the first time in Beijing, and asked Li to sit beside him while watching the opera and talking about oil. When talking about oil, Mao Zedong spoke highly of the contributions made by the Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Petroleum in the search for oil. Mao Zedong said, "Both of you have done something!" After the performance, Mao Zedong took Li Siguang onto the stage and took a group photo with the actors. Mao Zedong has always attached importance to the development of China's science and technology work, very concerned about the growth of scientific workers, from the old society over the willingness to actively participate in the old generation of scientists Li Siguang (film)
Socialist construction of the very caring. February 6, 1964 at noon, Li Siguang received a phone call, saying that he wanted to go to the Zhongnanhai immediately. Li Siguang hurriedly finished his lunch and went to Zhongnanhai, where a comrade waiting for him at the entrance led him into Mao's bedroom. Comrades Zhu Kezhen and Qian Xuesen also arrived in succession. Mao invited them to sit on the edge of his bed and talked cordially. They talked extensively for three or four hours on astronomy, geology, cutting-edge science and many other major scientific issues. Li Siguang came back and told his daughter, "The chairman is very knowledgeable, and he knows a lot of science in ancient and modern times and at home and abroad, and he understands the scientific problems of glaciers and climate thoroughly. Understand thoroughly. In his bedroom, and even in his bed, filled with many classics and scientific books, talking about where to turn to there, talk about a wide range, the sky, the sea, the sea and the sky." This conversation, Mao Zedong expressed his views on many major scientific issues, and enthusiastically hoped that these older generation of scientists for the attack on the cutting edge of science and technology, to catch up with the world's advanced level to contribute their talents. On May 19, 1969, Mao Zedong received 10,000 delegates attending the study course in Beijing. Members of the Central Committee in Beijing attended the reception, and Li Siguang was among them. When Mao Zedong saw Li Siguang on the podium, he immediately took Li's hand and called him "Li Si Lao". The two of them were so close to each other, but because of the slogans of "Long live Chairman Mao", they could not hear each other clearly. Mao Zedong had to whisper in Li Siguang's ear, asking him how his health was and how he was doing. The chairman took Li Siguang's hand and walked in front of him to receive the comrades who had arrived at the meeting. Then, together, they left the podium and stepped into the lounge. The family had already seen the footage of this happy meeting on TV, but they just didn't know what Mao Zedong and Li Siguang had talked about. As soon as Li Siguang arrived home, the family was eager to ask Li Siguang. Li Siguang happily told that Chairman Mao had talked to him for more than an hour in the lounge. In this short hour or so, Mao Zedong and Li Siguang talked about how many billions of years - from the origin of the celestial bodies, the origin of the earth, talked about the origin of life, talked about the origin of the solar system, Mao Zedong said: I do not quite believe in Schmidt, I see Kant, Laplace's theory is still a little bit of truth. Mao Zedong said to Li that he would like to see the books written by Li Siguang, and hoped that Li would find a few books for him, and also asked Li to help him collect some domestic and foreign scientific information. Mao said, "I don't know English, it's better to have information in Chinese. "What kind of information does the Chairman want to read?" Li Siguang asked. Mao Zedong drew a big circle in front of him with his hand and said, "I want the information in the scope of your research." The next day, according to Mao's instructions． Li Siguang asked his secretary comrade to help him find a book. He thought: the chairman is so busy, can not send all the books I wrote to ask him to read, should choose one or two representative works to send over. After some careful selection, Li first sent his book Introduction to Geomechanics and his article What Do Geologists Do on the Scientific Front to Mao Zedong for review. This article was sent to Mao Zedong for review. Then, he immediately began to collect the information Mao Zedong wanted. For this purpose, he read many foreign materials. In order to save Mao Zedong's time, so that he could see what he needed to see with less effort, Li Siguang decided to compile a document by himself, including the views of various schools of thought in geological theory at that time, and adding his own comments to clarify his own point of view. He spent nearly 1 year to organize the information, and based on this, he wrote 7 books in a row. After writing each book, Li Siguang told his secretary to send it to the printing house immediately, with large-print typesetting, and then brought it back to proofread it personally. After these 7 books were printed, they were named "Abstracts of Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology" and sent to Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other leading comrades of the Central Committee.
Geomechanics was founded by Li Siguang, and is a sub-discipline of geology.
Li Siguang, the founder of geomechanics, published "The main cause of the change of the earth's surface image" in 1926 and 1928, and "The advance and retreat of seawater in the Late Paleozoic era and beyond", etc., which theoretically explored the issues of deformation from hydrosphere movement to lithosphere, and tectonic traces from continental movement, and put forward the important issue of tectonic system in 1929, which was the first time that the geomechanics was published in the world. In 1929, he put forward the important concept of tectonic system and established a series of types of tectonic system, and in 1941, Li Siguang formally put forward the term "geomechanics" when he gave a lecture on the "Geomechanical analysis of the geological structure of the Nanling Mountains", and in 1945, he published "The Basis and Methods of Geomechanics", which was published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1945, Li Siguang published "Basis and Methods of Geomechanics", which summarized the theory of geomechanics in a systematic way. Geomechanics is a marginal science that combines mechanics and geology, i.e., it is a science that uses the principles of mechanics to study the crustal structure and crustal movements and their causes. It starts from the phenomenon of geological structure (tectonic traces), analyzes the distribution of geostress and the mechanical properties of rocks, traces the role of force, traces the way of crustal movement from the way of force, and explores the law and origin of crustal movement. Geomechanics believes that structural elements, tectonic landmasses and tectonic systems are the three basic concepts of geology and tectonics, which are of great significance for exploring the laws of crustal movement. The tectonic systems now recognized can be divided into three main types, namely, latitudinal tectonic system, meridional tectonic system and torsional tectonic system. These systems are mainly caused by the horizontal motion (meridional and latitudinal) of the earth's crust; and the horizontal motion originates from the change of the earth's rotation speed. Li Siguang called the role of the Earth's automatic regulation of changes in the speed of rotation "continental valve action", and thus called this hypothesis "continental valve hypothesis".
Li Siguang went to the Department of Geology of Peking University, lectured on petrology and advanced petrology two courses, he won the respect of the students with his rigorous style of metallurgy. He often took students to the field for field teaching, watching and speaking. A hill, a ravine, a pile of stones, a row of cracks, he did not spare. The school is underfunded, he led the students to build from scratch, the learning environment will be cleaned up very elegant and quiet. While teaching, he did not relax his research work, and the main contributions in geology in his life, such as the identification method of paleontological sinuosity, the discovery of Quaternary glaciers in China and the creation of geomechanics, were all started during this period. In the course of his research, he was never bound by existing views and doctrines, but followed the laws of nature to find the truth that had not yet been recognized and grasped by people. As a result, he was able to continuously put forward creative insights and dared to challenge some old views. Li Siguang's Writings
For example, since the 19th century, there have been geologists from Germany, the United States, France, Sweden and other countries who have come to China to explore minerals and examine geology. However, none of them had ever discovered the glacial phenomenon in China. Therefore, in the field of geology, "there is no Quaternary glacier in China" has become a final conclusion. However, during his research on fossilized meanders, Li Siguang found some stones that resembled glacial streaks in the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains. He continued to study in the Datong Basin, more and more convinced of his own judgment, so he boldly put forward the view that China's existence of Quaternary glaciers in the third general meeting of the Chinese Geological Society. The Swedish geologist Antsen, advisor to the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, who was present at the meeting, smiled contemptuously and dismissed it. In order for people to accept this fact, he continued to look for more glacial remains. 10 years later, he not only concluded that there were a large number of glacial remains in Mount Lu, but also that China's Quaternary glaciers were mainly valley glaciers and could be categorized as three ice ages. When Li Siguang's academic point of view again published in the National Geological Conference, caused the famous Lushan debate in 1934. In the semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, Chinese scientists were inferior, and a considerable number of foreign scholars came to China with nationalist and racist sentiments. Therefore, several foreign scholars did not change their views despite the large number of facts in front of them. In 1936, Li Siguang went to Huangshan inspection, wrote "Quaternary glacial phenomenon in Huangshan, Anhui" thesis, this paper and a few glacial phenomenon of the photographs, attracted the attention of a number of Chinese and foreign scholars, the German Professor of Geology Fischerman to Huangshan to see the return of the exclamation: "This is a heaven and earth! discovery." Li Siguang's hard work for more than ten years was publicly recognized by foreign scientists for the first time. However, he knew that this is not enough, he simply moved his home to Mount Lushan, and at the foot of Mount Lushan established a glacier showroom, called "Whitehead showroom" (after the Kuomintang Navy blew up) more in-depth glacier research. Li Siguang years of research on glaciers, in 1937 the completion of the draft of the "Ice Age of Mount Lu" in a comprehensive description. Unfortunately, due to the outbreak of the war, the book was not published until 10 years later.
In 1927, Li Siguang was invited by Cai Yuanpei to leave Beijing and go south to preside over the preparatory work of the Institute of Geology, which was set up in January 1928, with Li Siguang as its director. In January 1928, the Institute of Geology was established, with Li Siguang as the director. Geological research was often carried out under very difficult conditions, with the wind and dew. Moreover, the newly established institute had little funding, lack of equipment, and even no fixed site. During the eight-year war, Li and his institute suffered a lot from the pain of moving around. At that time, he smoked cigarettes made of straw paper and wore clothes made of cloth, living a very hard life, but he and his colleagues never gave up geological research. Due to the hardships of life and laborious work, he suffered from angina pectoris and tuberculosis. At the beginning of February 1948, Li Siguang departed from Shanghai to London to attend the 18th International Geological Society, and his wife Xu Shubin also went with him. After the meeting, they lived in the British Isles for another year, one side to recuperate, while observing the development of the current situation at home and abroad. Although Li Siguang was far away from the European lectures and investigations, but still concerned about the fate of the motherland. Li Siguang
Early in 1949, he wrote several times to Xu Jie (geologist, after the liberation of the Ministry of Geology, deputy minister of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) of the Institute of Geology of the Central Academy of Sciences, and others, in support of them to hold on to Nanjing, opposed to the relocation of Guangzhou for the new China's geoscientific endeavors to retain a team and equipment. At the beginning of April 1949, a Chinese delegation headed by Guo Moruo went to Prague to attend the World Conference on Preserving Peace. Before leaving the country, Guo Moruo brought a letter to Li Siguang according to Zhou Enlai's instruction, asking him to return to China as soon as possible. After reading the letter signed by Guo Moruo, Li Siguang was very excited. New China will stand in the east of the world, his skills can be exercised, ambition can be realized. He actively run up, ready to return to China as soon as possible. However, due to the impact of the Second World War, from the United Kingdom to the Far East passenger ship tickets to be booked a year ago, the return date can only be delayed. On the one hand, he recuperated his body, and on the other hand, he finished the things left over in scientific research. Li Siguang anxiously waited for the date of departure. One day, a friend in London called Li Siguang and told him that the Kuomintang Embassy in Britain had received a secret order asking Li Siguang to make a public statement denying the People's Republic of China (PRC) and refusing to accept the appointment of a national committee member given to him by the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), or risk being detained. The matter was urgent, and Li Siguang made a snap decision. He picked up a small leather bag and quickly went to Plymouth Harbor, ready to cross the English Channel from there and go to France first. Plymouth Harbor is a wide and windy place, a remote shipping channel where people usually don't cross the sea, thus avoiding the tracking of the
KMT agents. Before he left, he put pen to paper and wrote a letter to the ambassador in Britain, asking Xu Shubin to send it two days later. The next day, the Kuomintang embassy in the United Kingdom really sent people to find Li Siguang, Xu Shubin vigilantly said to the people, Li Siguang went out on a study tour. Two days later, Xu Shubin sent a letter left by Li Siguang, the letter reads: the Chinese people **** and the country is my ideal country for many years, day and night. The State Council of the Central People's Government is a government that I wholeheartedly support. I consider it a great honor to be elected a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. I have already left for my home country to take up my duties. He also advised the ambassador to leave the wretched KMT government and return to the embrace of the bright motherland at an early date....... Two weeks later, Xu Shubin received a letter from Li Siguang and learned that he had arrived in Basel, on the border between Switzerland and Germany, and immediately went to join him. On May 6, 1950, Li Siguang finally arrived in Beijing. He was 60 years old that year, but he felt that a new life had just begun. The birth of new China opened a new chapter in Li's scientific career. He was promoted to Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Minister of Geology and Chairman of the Federation of Science and Technology. He carefully studied Mao Zedong's Theory of Practice, Theory of Contradiction, Engels' Dialectics of Nature and other works, and endeavored to use dialectical materialism to guide his work and scientific research; he paid attention to theoretical learning, but also paid attention to the transformation of his own thinking, "determined to throw away the baggage left over from those old days,...... to achieve the forgetfulness of self"; he devoted himself to the geological cause of the motherland with dedication and devotion. Under his specific leadership, China's geological work has made great achievements; in 1958, he honorably joined the Chinese ****production party. In the opening days of the first five-year plan, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou asked Li Siguang: what is the prospect of natural petroleum in China? As early as 1915 to 1917, Mobil Oil Corporation, a drilling team, in the northern Shaanxi Boshi area, played seven exploratory wells, spent 3 million U.S. dollars, due to the harvest is not big on the go. 1922, Stanford University Professor Blackwelder came to China to investigate the geology of the United States, wrote "China and Siberia's petroleum resources," the article, under the "Chinese oil-poor From then on, "China is poor in oil". From then on, the "China's oil-poor theory" spread. However, Li Siguang based on his own research on the geological structure of Li Siguang and Zhou Enlai
The quality of the structure, in 1928, put forward: "Mobil's failure does not prove that there is no oil field in China can be done." Later, in his book Geology of China, he once again proposed that the new Huaxia tectonic system sedimentary belt "may reveal sediments with important economic value". This sediment is talking about oil. Therefore, Li Siguang optimistically answered the question of the national leaders: "Our underground oil reserves are very large. From the Northeast Plain, through the Bohai Bay, to the North China Plain, and then south to the two lakes area, you can do the work ......". In 1955, census teams drove to the front lines. Within a few years, hundreds of possible oil storage structures were found. in June 1958, the good news came: the large-scale and high-production Daqing oil field was proved. The Ministry of Geology immediately shifted the team to the alluvial plains of Bohai Bay and the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Later, Dagang Oil Field, Shengli Oil Field and other oil fields were built one after another. The Geology Department moved to other plains, basins and shallow sea areas to continue the operation. In December 1964, Premier Zhou pointed out in his Report on the Work of the Government at the Third National People's Congress that "the Daqing oil field, built up in the first five-year plan, was discovered by exploration based on the petroleum geology theory originated by Chinese geologists." Li Siguang's work was fully recognized by the Party and the State.