Analysis of the present situation and the only way
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the implementation of the western development, Guizhou's economic and social development has made great progress, while the province's population, resources and environment work has remained generally stable. The current problems mainly focus on two aspects. First, the contradiction between population, resources and environment is very prominent, the problem is still serious and the situation is not optimistic; Second, in the future development, due to the special situation of resources and energy provinces, the pressure on population, resources and environment will become greater and greater. If we don't work hard to develop circular economy, the consequences will be unimaginable.
First, Guizhou is rich in mineral resources. As the natural endowment, comparative advantage and important condition of the province's economic and social development, Guizhou must be an inland province characterized by the transformation from resource advantage to economic advantage. It also determines that Guizhou is bound to become an important energy and raw material base in southern China, and its future development is bound to be a stage of heavy chemical industry, which will inevitably bring adverse effects on resources and the environment. "If you stay in the green hills, you are not afraid of running out of firewood" and "If you move in the green hills, you may not run out of firewood" have become special contradictions in Guizhou. Through calculation, if the current economic development model and pollution control are maintained, by 2020, while the economic growth will quadruple, the required resource input and pollution emissions will also quadruple simultaneously, which may bring greater environmental disasters to economic growth, interrupt development and make it difficult to achieve a historic leap.
Secondly, the consumption of energy resources in Guizhou is high, far higher than the national and western average. The outstanding performance is "four lows", that is, low resource output rate, low resource utilization rate, low comprehensive utilization level of resources and low recycling utilization rate of renewable resources. From the perspective of energy structure, coal accounts for more than 95% in primary energy production and 70% in energy consumption. This ratio is not only higher than that in 2002, but also more difficult to develop and reduce. From the perspective of energy consumption per unit output value, the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP is 3.9 1 ton of standard coal, which is 2.73 times of the national average energy consumption and ranks second from the bottom in the western region. The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value is 7.88 tons of standard coal, which is 3.5 times of the national average energy consumption, ranking first in the western region.
Third, establishing southern energy and raw material bases in Guizhou, developing coal and hydropower, developing electricity and heavy chemical industry, if circular economy is not developed, it will not be conducive to reducing energy consumption and resource consumption, nor to reducing pollution. According to experts' calculation, only the first and second batch of thermal power projects of "Power Transmission from West to East" will increase the sulfur dioxide emission in Guizhou by 294,400 tons. At the same time, these projects need 410.4 million tons of coal a year. If the annual output of a coal mine is 100 tons, it is necessary to build about 40 coal mines, which will also aggravate the adverse impact on ecological geology and environment.
Fourthly, the development of Guizhou's industries, especially those with high energy consumption, is still a road of "high input, high energy consumption, high pollution and low efficiency", which is not only serious now, but also likely to be further aggravated. The pollution of industrial "three wastes" is serious, and the discharge of industrial wastewater and waste gas and industrial solid waste are serious in the whole country and the west. The output value of industrial "three wastes" comprehensive utilization products is only 4,465,438+billion yuan, accounting for only 2.3% of the whole country, and comprehensive utilization accounts for only 29.3% of the total output, which is 26.5 percentage points lower than the whole country.
Fifth, people's lifestyles and consumption patterns are backward, and production pollution is accelerating. The total discharge of urban domestic sewage in the province reached 387 million tons, accounting for 69.7% of the total, and the sewage treatment rate was only 2.8%. The domestic garbage disposal capacity is 2,248,900 tons, and the harmless treatment rate is only 26 1%. More seriously, food insecurity has become the biggest hidden danger threatening people's health.
According to the famous environmental Kuznets curve model, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution level in Guizhou is that as long as we adjust and optimize the economic structure, change the economic growth mode and innovate the development model, we can achieve a win-win situation in which economic development, national income rise and pollution level fall simultaneously in a certain development cycle.
To realize the environmental curve model of future development, we must vigorously develop circular economy. Because circular economy is a new structural combination, a new growth mode and a new development model. Specifically, circular economy is to realize the combination of economic law and ecological law on the basis of reduction, turn the pollution of the previous link into the raw material of the next link, and extend this chain as far as possible, covering all links of production, circulation, consumption, environment, society and psychology, so as to save resources, turn waste into treasure, regenerate resources, realize zero pollution, realize the organic unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits, and promote Guizhou.
The above situation shows that with the acceleration of economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards in our province, only by developing circular economy can we avoid the old road of "more development and more pollution" and "pollution first and then treatment" at the expense of the environment, realize development in protection and protection in development, organically combine accelerated development with comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, and initially form a new industrialization road and ecological and environmental protection characteristics.
Six problems to be solved.
1. Guiding ideology. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, follow the 3R principle, coupling principle, advanced principle, environment-friendly principle and coordinated development principle of circular economy, take accelerating economic restructuring, optimizing industrial layout, changing growth mode and innovating development mode as the main line, and aim at improving resource productivity and reducing waste discharge. With scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation as the driving force, resource conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, resource recycling and cleaner production as the key, institutional mechanisms, policies and regulations as the guarantee, aluminum and aluminum industry, phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry, coal and coal chemical industry and several regions as the focus, with the formation of a number of circular economy pilots, parks and regions as the content, and the organic combination of accelerated development and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development as the core, and the realization of a win-win situation.
2. Development goals. By 20 10, on the basis of optimizing the structure, improving efficiency and reducing resource consumption, the per capita GDP will double that of 2000, and the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP will be reduced by about 20% compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The compliance rate of wastewater and waste gas discharge from key industrial pollution sources is over 80%, the reuse rate of industrial water is over 60%, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste is over 40%, and the harmless treatment rate of urban solid waste is over 60%; Basically establish a guarantee system for urban and rural water resources supply, and the quantity and quality of water supply in cities above the county level will fully meet the national standards; The comprehensive recovery rate of mineral resources has increased by more than 5%, and the ecological restoration rate of mines has reached more than 40%. Strive to greatly improve the utilization rate of resources in key industries such as coal, phosphorus, aluminum and ferroalloy, form a number of clean production enterprises with high resource productivity and low pollution emission rate, form a number of eco-industrial bases and resource-saving cities with circular economy development mode, and lay the foundation for initially building a resource-saving society.
3. Development framework. (1) Within the enterprise, promote clean production, establish the production and operation mode of circular economy, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. Through the substitution of raw materials, process improvement and product design, strengthen management, expand scale, give priority to ensuring the internal circulation of materials and energy, improve the utilization rate of resources and energy, and achieve zero pollution. (2) In the enterprises in the circular economy eco-industrial base, around the major projects such as aluminum and aluminum industry, phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry, coal and coal chemical industry, coal-electricity integration, high-energy consumption industry, etc., the industrial chain will be extended, the industrial scope will be broadened, the products between enterprises will be coupled, the materials and energy will be exchanged more fully, and the industrial integration of related enterprises will be promoted to realize the recycling of wastes. (3) At the regional level, it is connected with the social and agricultural recycling system, so that the wastes generated by industry and society can be recycled back to the production and consumption process, forming a closed cycle of materials, making full use of resources and reducing waste emissions. Connect the industrial and social consumption systems, participate in the division of labor and the great cycle of the national economy, and build Guiyang into a national circular economy and ecological pilot city.
4. Development content. Guizhou's resource situation and industrialization level determine that the province's industry still focuses on developing resource-based industries. Therefore, the content of developing circular economy in Guizhou in the 11th Five-Year Plan is to realize the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based industries in Guizhou. At the same time, in order to make Guizhou's economy develop by leaps and bounds and realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must adjust the economic structure and plan the ecological industry in the whole province according to the guiding principles of circular economy and around the sustainable development of the economy and the efficient utilization of resources. The former focuses on the strategic development planning of economic structure, while the latter focuses on the development ideas and measures of key industries and industrial sectors.
The key points of Guizhou's resource advantage transforming into economic advantage are coal and coal chemical industry, phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry, aluminum and aluminum processing, coal-electricity integration and other industries; At the same time, this is also the key point for Guizhou to achieve a historic leap in the province's economic and social development through industrial breakthroughs. Therefore, the content of developing circular economy ecological industry should be put on high energy-consuming industries such as coal, phosphorus, aluminum and ferroalloy, and the construction of circular economy ecological industry base in the whole province should be promoted through demonstration. There are also two contents to be arranged accordingly, one is the construction of Guiyang circular economy eco-city as a national pilot, and the other is the pilot construction of agricultural circular economy in the governance of Nahui River Basin in Xingyi City.
5. Development arrangements. Through the vigorous promotion of the government and the effective promotion of the market, the healthy development of Guizhou's circular economy will be promoted in an orderly manner in accordance with the principle of "planning guidance, highlighting key points, demonstration promotion and continuous implementation".
(1) for planning guidance. Adhere to the principles of "planning first, then treating" and "treating first, then polluting", turn the end treatment into the circular economy requirement of process treatment, and formulate the circular economy development plan and its special sub-plan in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan as soon as possible. Municipalities, states and relevant departments shall, when preparing the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, organize the preparation of special plans for circular economy in various industries and regions in combination with key industries, stage targets and pilot bases for developing circular economy in Guizhou.
(2) Key breakthroughs. First, in the process of resource exploitation, it is necessary to plan the development of mineral resources as a whole, popularize advanced and applicable mining technologies, processes and equipment, improve the recovery rate of mining, mineral processing and smelting, vigorously promote the comprehensive utilization of tailings and waste rocks, and vigorously improve the comprehensive recovery and utilization rate of resources. Second, in terms of resource consumption, it is necessary to strengthen the management of energy, ore, raw materials, water and other resources consumption in key industries such as metallurgy, nonferrous metals, electric power, coal, chemicals, building materials and agriculture, and strive to reduce consumption and improve resource utilization. Third, carry out pollution prevention and control in the whole process of waste generation, promote the reasonable extension of industrial chain in different industries, broaden the development scope of different regions, strengthen the recycling of various wastes, strive to achieve zero emission, accelerate the reduction and reuse of reclaimed water utilization facilities and municipal garbage, and reduce the final treatment capacity of wastes. Fourth, in the process of generating renewable resources, we should vigorously recover and recycle all kinds of waste resources, support the remanufacturing of waste mechanical and electrical products, establish a garbage collection and classification system, and constantly improve the recycling system of renewable resources. Fifth, in the consumption link, vigorously advocate consumption patterns that are conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment, encourage the use of energy-efficient labeling products, energy-saving and water-saving certified products and environmental labeling products, green labeling foods and organic labeling foods, and reduce the use of over-packaging and disposable products. Sixth, we must overcome three difficulties, that is, make phosphorus slag, aluminum slag and coal turn waste into treasure, and fundamentally solve the three hidden dangers of pollution.
(3) Advance in stages. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on Guiyang's circular economy and ecological pilot city and the province's 14 circular economy and ecological industrial pilot base, the existing regional key enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution, such as coal, phosphorus, aluminum and ferroalloy, will be transformed to initially form a number of circular economy and ecological industrial enterprises and bases, and the construction of Guiyang's circular economy and ecological pilot city will achieve remarkable results. In the long run, by 2020, the industrial system foundation of circular economy, the main body of infrastructure construction, the foundation of ecological security system, the foundation of human resources development and the foundation of institutional innovation will be built, and the comparative advantages of resources such as coal, phosphorus, aluminum and ferroalloy in Guizhou will be truly transformed into competitive advantages.
(4) Hierarchical argumentation. First, fully promote recycling within the enterprise. Shandong Yankuang, Hongfu Company, Jinyuan Company, Shuigang Company, Lin Kai Group, Chitianhua Group and other key enterprises, as well as Guiyang phosphorus and coal chemical enterprises, were selected as pilots in the province, and then gradually promoted in heavy chemical enterprises in the province. Second, vigorously promote the construction of eco-industrial parks and bases between enterprises or industries. Preliminary considerations include: Guiyang Kaiyang phosphorus and coal chemical eco-industrial demonstration base, Zunyi Pingqiao circular economy new material eco-industrial base, Zunyi Tongzi circular economy coal chemical eco-industrial base, Guizhou circular economy aluminum industrial eco-industrial base, Suiyang circular economy heavy chemical eco-industrial base, Liupanshui Liuzhi high energy consumption eco-industrial base, Anshun Power Generation Co., Ltd. flue gas desulfurization and resource industrialization eco-industrial base, Wengfu Circular Economy Phosphorus Chemical Ecological Industrial Base in Qiannan Prefecture, Longli County Circular Economy Medicine Ecological Industrial Base, Zhenyuan Circular Economy High Energy Consumption Ecological Industrial Base in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Anlong Heavy Chemical Industrial Base in Qianxinan Prefecture and Xingyi 2030 Project, Tongren Dalong, Wanshan Circular Economy High Energy Consumption Ecological Industrial Base, Bijie Zhijin Coal, Electricity and Phosphorus Integrated Circular Economy Ecological Industrial Base, etc. Third, at the regional level, do a good job in the pilot construction of Guiyang, the first pilot city of circular economy and ecology in China. Fourthly, at the agricultural level, actively explore the agricultural ecological protection and comprehensive management of circular economy in the Nahui River Basin of Xingyi City.
(5) continuous implementation. While doing a good job in the pilot work and consolidating the pilot results, we will expand the scope of the pilot, promote the ecological transformation of resource-based industries and traditional industries in the province from point to area, improve relevant laws, regulations, policies and management systems, strengthen regional cooperation, break the shackles of administrative regions, further extend the industrial chain, broaden the scope of development, drive the province to change from resource-intensive to technology-intensive, cultivate emerging circular economy industries and regional patterns, and gradually realize the economic system dominated by circular economy in the province.
6. Development guarantee. The first is the integration arrangement. According to Guizhou's natural endowment, comparative advantages and the requirements of developing circular economy, we must find a way to integrate coal and electricity in energy, raw material industry, industrial cluster and regional layout. Coal-electricity integration is the concept of comprehensive energy resources and deep processing, including coal, electricity and coal-electricity industry. Including "extending vertical industrial chain"-coal, electricity and coking, and the sustainable development of coal, electricity, aluminum and phosphorus. Broaden the "horizontal development scope"-industrial clusters, gather population to form bases or parks, develop cities and promote the formation of regional circular economy. With the development of circular economy, pure resource competition will evolve into multi-resource reorganization of coal and multi-factor reorganization of market. This idea of extending the vertical industrial chain and expanding the horizontal development scope is to build an industrial chain based on coal, realize the deep processing of coal products, improve the added value of coal products, and then enhance the market viability, competitiveness and sustainable development ability of coal-fired power enterprises, and at the same time form regional industrial clusters, supporting industries, characteristic economic systems and urbanization. This is the overall strategic trend and pattern of Guizhou's development, which must be firmly grasped and gradually realized, laying a solid foundation for developing circular economy and realizing historic leap. The second is economic policy. Strict implementation of national industrial policies and industry access conditions, new projects should be in accordance with the concept of circular economy, conservation-oriented society and cleaner production requirements, strengthen regulation and guidance, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Through policy levers such as project approval, financial support, preferential treatment and credit supply, we will introduce and encourage the development of industries that are in line with national industrial policies, low consumption and light pollution, and are conducive to the comprehensive development of resources in Guizhou, and strictly control industries with high consumption, high pollution and low efficiency. Conscientiously implement the national preferential tax policies on clean production, comprehensive utilization of resources and recycling of waste materials; Guide social investment, form a diversified and multi-channel investment mechanism of government regulation, market guidance, enterprise practice and public participation, and gradually establish a macro-control system and operational mechanism conducive to the development of circular economy in Guizhou. It is suggested to set up a special fund for the development of circular economy and eco-industrial economy in the province, and actively guide various financial institutions to focus on supporting circular economy projects; Land, environmental protection, finance, taxation and other relevant departments should seriously study and cooperate closely, and give strong support to enterprises, bases and cities developing circular economy in policy; Establish an effective incentive and restraint mechanism to urge enterprises to build an enterprise organizational structure that is conducive to promoting the development of circular economy and eco-industrial economy. The third is technology policy. The key points of technical policy for developing circular economy are mainly to guide the technical flow of funds and the development direction of comprehensive utilization of resources, to guide the popularization and application of related technologies, to increase the investment in technological transformation of industrial enterprises and to win the support of national policies according to the requirements of national industrial policies and the scale standards of major industrial products. We will earnestly improve the organizational system, operational mechanism and policy environment that support scientific and technological progress and innovation, vigorously improve the independent innovation capability of key links in advantageous industries, and strive to master core technologies. Build a technological innovation platform with enterprises as the main body, relying on the technical strength of universities and research institutes, market-oriented, capital as the link and modern enterprise system as the norm; Explore the establishment of venture capital mechanism, encourage enterprises to introduce more advanced technologies at home and abroad, strive to form a number of core technologies and key technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and continuously improve the contribution rate of technological progress to the development of circular economy. The fourth is laws and regulations. As a breakthrough and innovation to the traditional development model, the development of circular economy needs perfect legislation and strict law enforcement to promote and implement. It is necessary to actively promote the formulation of corresponding laws, regulations, plans and policies, realize the breakthrough and innovation of the traditional development model, and regulate and limit the government behavior, enterprise behavior and public behavior that are contrary to the plan. Governments at all levels must incorporate the development of circular economy into the national economic and social development plan; Establish a comprehensive decision-making and management mechanism for circular economy across departments; Establish the management system and various policy means of circular economy; Establish the management authority and responsibility of each department; Actively promote the national circular economy legislation. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly implement laws and regulations such as the Cleaner Production Law to standardize and guide the development of circular economy.