What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a magnetic stimulation technique that uses a pulsed magnetic field to act on the central nervous system (mainly the brain), altering the membrane potential of cortical nerve cells to produce an induced current that affects metabolism and neuroelectricity in the brain, thereby causing a series of physiological and biochemical responses. Classification According to the different stimulation pulses of TMS, TMS can be classified into three stimulation modes: single-pulse TMS (sTMS), double-pulse TMS (pTMS), and repetitive TMS (rTMS). sTMS is a manually-controlled, non-rhythmic pulse output, and can also stimulate more than one stimulus, but with longer stimulation intervals (e.g., 10 s), which is used for routine electrophysiological examinations. pTMS is administered continuously to the same stimulation site at very short intervals, and the stimulation is performed in a single session. pTMS is used to give two stimuli of different intensities at very short intervals at the same stimulation site, or to apply two stimulators at two different sites (also known as double-coil TMS, dTMS), which is mostly used to study nerve chemotaxis and inhibition. rTMS is classified into two types of high-frequency and low-frequency, which requires the equipment to give either slow-rhythmic low-frequency or fast-rhythmic high-frequency rTMS at the same stimulation site. Different stimulation parameters (mode, frequency, intensity, interval, duration, stimulation site, stimulation direction, etc.) of rTMS produce different neurophysiological effects, with low-frequency stimulation inducing cortical inhibition and high-frequency stimulation inducing excitation. In clinical practice, this biological effect is mainly captured and utilized for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Application At present, transcranial magnetic stimulation technology has been widely used, and the domestic transcranial magnetic stimulation technology has reached the world's advanced level, especially the emergence of the "inert liquid cooling system", which is a new milestone in the transcranial magnetic stimulation technology, which enables this technology to truly realize the long time continuous work, so that it can be used widely in the clinic. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation is widespread in clinical practice. It has been applied in various fields such as neuropsychology (depression, schizophrenia), rehabilitation, pediatrics (cerebral palsy, etc.). Among them, the efficacy of depression, sleep disorders and other diseases, as a non-pharmacological treatment in the clinic has achieved promising results. Edit this paragraph Transcranial magnetic stimulation technology characteristics As one of the four major technical means of researching brain science in the twenty-first century, transcranial magnetic stimulation technology is painless, non-invasive and non-destructive, which are its three major technical characteristics. In order to pass through the scalp and skull TMS technology magnetic field strength can not be lower than 1 Tesla, the most intuitive judgment is the detection of head MEP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation technology is through different frequencies in different parts of the realization of different therapeutic effects, so as to play a therapeutic role for the patient, so the treatment in the clinic also requires accurate positioning. The modulation of stimulation time and stimulation interval is closely related to the therapeutic effect, which depends on the cooling system of the coil. High-frequency excitation, low-frequency inhibition, this is the current common treatment program, the current international more commonly used burst stimulation is the direction of the development of TMS technology.