(1) Lifestyle assessment questionnaire;
(2) Health checkup and preventive screening.
Steps of health risk identification:
I. Steps: health checkup, information collection, health assessment, health risk intervention and health promotion.
II. Methods: single-factor weighting method, multifactor modeling method.
General Principles of Health Risk Assessment
Definition of Health Risk Assessment (HRA):
It is an analytical method or tool due to describing and estimating the likelihood of a particular disease or the likelihood of death due to a disease that may occur in a particular future. It is a quantitative estimate of an individual's health status and risk of future illness or death. The purpose of health risk assessment, if expressed in one sentence, is: to transform health data into health information.
The purpose of this analysis is to estimate the likelihood of a particular event occurring, not to make a definitive diagnosis.
Difference between information and data:
Information is a form of processed data that can be used to assist in making decisions or support other actions.
Purpose of research in health risk assessment:
(1) To study people who appear healthy and have no symptoms of disease;
(2) To study how risk-causing hazards can be identified;
(3) To study how to eliminate or control these disease-causing factors to achieve prevention of disease or to delay the onset of disease.
Basic principles of health risk assessment:
Questionnaire, risk calculation, assessment report.
Questionnaire:
①Physiological and biochemical data, such as height, weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, etc.
②Lifestyle data, such as smoking, dietary and exercise habits, etc.
③Personal or family health history;
④Other risk factors;
⑤Attitude and knowledge information.
Risk level calculation:
Single-factor weighting method, multifactor modeling method (pre-exposure factors refer to lifestyle risk factors (e.g., smoking) clinical test values (e.g., cholesterol), genetic factors (e.g., family history of breast cancer).
Relative risk: responds to an increase or decrease in risk relative to the general population. The risk for the general population is calculated according to the age-sex mortality rate of the population, and if the relative risk for the general population is set at 1, then the other relative risks are values greater than 1 or less than 1. The relative risk reflects the increase or decrease in risk relative to the general population risk. The general population risk is calculated as the age-sex mortality/morbidity rate of the population.
Absolute risk: the method of assessment by disease is generally expressed in terms of morbidity, that is, the likelihood of developing a particular disease over a number of years in the future.
Assessment report:
Individual reports generally include the results of a health risk assessment and health education information.
Population reports include an overview of the demographic characteristics of the group being assessed, a summary of health risk factors, and recommended interventions and approaches.
The working process of health risk assessment is as follows
1. Working conditions:
(1) Risk assessment forms, software, or website;
(2) Computer: basic configuration and entry software program;
(3) Scale, sphygmomanometer, physical examination equipment, and routine biochemical laboratory examination equipment;
2. Content and Methods:
(1) Personal health information management;
(2) Personal disease risk evaluation;
(3) Personal health guidance.
3. Steps:
(1) Collection of personal health information and relevant medical examinations;
(2) Information entry and report printing;
(3) Follow-up guidance; explanation of report contents.
(4) Follow-up (re-evaluation):
Follow-up for clients at high risk is generally every 3 months;
Follow-up for clients at medium risk is every 6 months;
Follow-up for clients at low risk is once a year.
[During the follow-up visit, clients fill out the "Personal Health and Lifestyle Information Record Form" again, or use the "Personal Health Management Diary" as the source of information; the same set of reports is obtained and evaluated and compared with the previous results]
(5) The follow-up period is once every 6 months for clients at moderate risk; once every year for clients at low risk. /p>
(5) Assessment and Evaluation of Effectiveness:
In the case of individuals, it includes the degree of knowledge of personal health risk information;
the knowledge and behavioral changes of health improvement of the participating individuals;
the control of the risk factors;
and the control rate and effective rate of the different types of diseases.
In the case of health managers and service physicians, the assessment includes workload (number of people managed, work records, etc.); and participants' satisfaction with the service (questionnaire survey).