1992 is classified as a low-income country by the International Monetary Fund. Since 1995, the government has rectified the economy and achieved certain results. 65438-0998 was affected by the drop in oil prices in the international market and the shutdown of domestic refineries, and the economic growth slowed down. 1999 after Obasanjo took office, he actively promoted liberalization and privatization reform, implemented a tight monetary policy, strictly restricted borrowing of new debts, vigorously supported agriculture, strengthened the development of oil, natural gas, mining and other industries and infrastructure construction, and actively sought foreign investment, foreign aid and debt relief. Due to the favorable external factors of the continuous rise of oil prices in the international market, the economic situation in Nepal tends to improve. The main manufacturing industries are textile, automobile assembly, wood processing, cement, beverage and food processing, mostly concentrated in Lagos and its surrounding areas. The infrastructure is in disrepair for a long time, the technical level is low, and most industrial products still rely on imports. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP. 70% of the country's labor force is engaged in agriculture. The main agricultural producing areas are concentrated in the northern region. The mode of agricultural production is still dominated by small-scale peasant economy, and food cannot be self-sufficient, and it still needs to be imported in large quantities every year. Nigeria's manufacturing industry includes leather manufacturing and textile industry (concentrated in Kano, Abokuta, Onicha and Lagos), automobile manufacturing (such as French automobile manufacturer logo and British truck manufacturer Bedford, which is a subsidiary of General Motors), T-shirts, plastic manufacturing and food processing industry. The domestic income of this country is considerable, which makes Nigerian films sold locally and internationally, and is very popular in other African countries and parts of Europe.
In international trade, because of the frequent default in payment or fraudulent goods, the reputation is extremely poor, and it has been blacklisted by the embassy and the CCPIT for serious monitoring. 50% of Nigeria's residents believe in Islam, 40% in Christianity and 10% in other religions.
As early as more than two thousand years ago, there was a relatively developed culture. The famous culture of Noke, Ife and Benin makes Nepal enjoy the reputation of "the cradle of black African culture". After independence, modern art, folk literature, music, dance and painting all developed rapidly, and a number of famous novelists, dramatists, poets and performing artists emerged. 1977 Nigeria holds the second World Black and African Art and Culture Festival. 1986 Walter Soyinka, a famous novelist, poet and dramatist, was the first African-American writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Osun is the name of a river in Nigeria. It originates in the northern mountainous area, flows through the Yoruba area, and then enters the sea in the east of Lagos. It is said that Osun and King Osogbo reached an agreement to sacrifice the river to feed the fish every year. Aosunhe can make infertile women pregnant. Osun Festival begins on a Thursday in August every year and lasts for eight days. On the first day, King Artuga offered sacrifices to various gods, announced the beginning of the New Year, and people began to eat new cassava. On this day, all the poor people can go to the palace and ask the local king for presents. In the evening, Ife's priest lit a huge oil lamp. Atoga and the chiefs went to the Osu River to feed the sacred fish. After he returned to the palace, he threw kolako and coins at people, and people rushed to grab them, because it was said that it would bring good luck.
Leboku Festival is very popular in cassava growing areas, such as Cris River State and Akuaibang State. After the sowing season, the priests in Ugeburg set the date of Leiboku Festival. On the first day, people sent the collected coconut wine and cassava to the home of the Supreme Chief, and then lit torches throughout the city to announce the start of the festival. The next day, I danced Ekoy. On the third day, engaged lovers exchanged gifts. In order to determine the order of the girls' dancing, the man decided to rank by wrestling on the fourth day; On the fifth day, the couples danced the Aikele Festival and gave gifts to each other. On the sixth day, in the magic and name-calling competitions, people can curse passers-by or abuse each other; On the last day, the old woman sprinkled medicine in the city with a gourd in her hand, announcing the end of the festival.
The Great Ofara Onicha in the lower reaches of the Niger River is the meeting point of Benin and Igbo cultures. Every September, the supreme leader Obi will hold the Ofala Festival here. Early in the morning, people were awakened by the drums, the chiefs arrived in line, and then danced to the music. At noon, people flocked to Obi's palace to see Obi. Obi appeared three times, with a sword in his right hand and an amulet made of ponytail in his left. It is said that whoever the amulet touches will get leprosy. The women sang songs in praise of Obi-Wan. After the Ofala Festival, a new cassava festival followed.
The Fulani people in the Sharo Festival still maintain the mystery of cultural isolation. Their Salo Festival is a festival to exercise young people's willpower. At the beginning of the festival, according to their age group, they posed as beatings, chanted incantations and were whipped by their peers. There was blood on the body. If he wavers a little, he will be regarded as a "coward". Married men can also participate, and waverers may lose their wives.
Uhola Uhola is a festival for Fadaka and Dukawa people to pray for good weather. If one year, a village or a family suffers from natural disasters and man-made disasters, it is necessary to celebrate Ula Festival. Before the festival, each family slaughtered an animal and distributed food and meat to guests and passers-by. On the festival day, young men and women sing and dance together, and then have a wrestling match. After the festival, the fiance will go to his fiancee's house to do farm work, and it will take seven years to get a wife.
Igue Igue Festival is a festival for Yoruba people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new and pray for peace and prosperity. This festival is divided into ten items. On the third day, the most wonderful scene of the forced war. This is to commemorate the war between Oba, the first king of Benin, and a group of elders headed by Omanga. On the last morning, young men and women raised torches to drive away evil spirits and welcome the New Year. They also went to the suburbs to collect poplar leaves and give them to relatives and friends to show good luck in the New Year.
Idu is a festival to worship the creator and celebrate the banana harvest, which is held every seven years. On the first day, besides dancing, there was a fake fishing in phony war. Men dressed in women's clothes threw fish at the crowd, and people ran around and laughed. The next day, the family marched and sprinkled cookies on people. A strong man was carrying a big iron pot full of rice, and people scrambled to grab the rice. On the fourth day, the festival reached its climax, and the host of the ceremony cut down the banana tree with a big knife. If the banana tree falls in the wrong direction, it means that the gods refused to sacrifice. The host looked nervous and serious. When the banana tree fell, people scrambled to grab half a branch, because it meant good luck in the next seven years.
The Argonne Fishing Festival is held once a year in February in the ancient town of Argonne, more than 60 miles from Sorato. Men and children came to the river with fish baskets on their backs, while others rowed canoes and drums to drive the fish to the shallow beach. People are scrambling to fish, Nile perch, balloon fish, everything. There was laughter in the river. During the fish festival, there are competitions such as catching fish with bare hands, shooting wild ducks, swimming and diving. Nigerians are always used to brushing each other's palms with their thumbs before shaking hands. Hausa people in Nigeria do not shake hands or hug their close friends, but slap their right hands with their own hands. The younger generation of Hausa in Nigeria should greet their elders politely. Under normal circumstances, the knees should be slightly bent and bent forward. When civilians meet the chief, they must first take off their shoes and approach him, and then kneel down to meet him. They can't stand up without the chief's order.
There are many tribes in Nigeria, and their customs and cultural traditions are very different, so their lifestyles are also very different. Dating and punctuality It is important to make an appointment in advance, especially with government officials. Although Nigerians generally have no concept of time, they understand the western habit of punctuality. Because it is very difficult to travel in Nigeria, there should be enough room for estimating the time to arrive at the destination.
One topic that should be avoided in conversation is religion. The appropriate topic is about Nigeria's industrial achievements and development prospects. Nigerians also like to talk about political activities in Africa, especially their contributions to the Organization of African Unity, the Economic Community of West African States and other African countries. Black country
Nigeria is the country with the largest black population in the world, and the black population accounts for one-fifth of African blacks. Nigerians hate racial discrimination in South Africa. Therefore, people who have been to South Africa cannot directly enter Nigeria. When talking in Nigeria, you should avoid talking about South Africa. In addition, you should also pay attention to the fact that the printed matter you carry does not involve South Africa.
polygamy
Although there are still many ethnic groups practicing polygamy, the Yuroba people in Africa and Nigeria are the most popular. The more wives a local man has, the higher his status and prestige. There, real estate and houses are worthless, and there is no bank for people to save money. The most tangible wealth is his wife.
Strangely, the women here are very keen to marry men with multiple wives, and they think it is a great honor. In their view, if "unfortunately" married a man with few wives, it would be a lifelong shame.
clothes
In Nigeria, there is an ancient Kambari tribe, which still retains the custom of nudity. A plump young girl can walk like nobody's business in the bustling market as long as she wraps a wide cloth around her navel with a ruler. The medical and health conditions in Nigeria are poor, and the problem of lack of medical care and medicine is more serious. The coverage of drinking water and sanitation facilities in China has increased by 58% and 365,438+0% respectively. There are about 202 doctors10 in China, with beds 106453, and the ratio of patients to doctors is 4400: 1. By the end of 2005, there were about 2.9 million people infected with HIV in Nepal, including 2.6 million adults aged 15-49, with an adult infection rate of 3.9%, and 930,000 children became AIDS orphans. In 20 10, cholera broke out in 1 1 state, resulting in more than 700 deaths. Life expectancy is 48 years. The population growth rate is 2.7%. More than 300,000 people die of malaria every year, accounting for14 of the global total. It is the only country in the world with a rising incidence of polio.
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, in 20 1 1 year, the total medical and health expenditure in Nigeria accounted for 5.7% of the GDP, and the per capita medical and health expenditure was $65,438+$043 at purchasing power parity. From 2006 to 20 13, there were 5 doctors per 10,000 people, 17 nurses and midwives, 1 dentists and 2 pharmacists.
According to the latest figures released by the World Health Organization, the comprehensive index of Nigeria's health care system ranks 1 9187 among1member countries. Press and publication are relatively developed. There are nearly/kloc-0.00 kinds of newspapers and magazines in China, as well as dozens of radio and TV stations. Both the federal and state governments have news departments responsible for publicity. The main newspapers are Clumsy (English), Daily Times (English), Guardian (English), New Nigeria (English and Hausa), National Harmony (English) and Pioneer (English).
Nigeria News Agency (NAN) is the official news agency established in June of 1978+00, and the work of Pan-African News Agency West Africa Branch is also undertaken by NIN News Agency. Federal Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN), formerly known as Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, was established in 1952. It was renamed as 1978 in June.
National Television Nigeria (NTA) was established in 1962, led by the Ministry of Information and Culture of the federal government, with more than 5,000 staff. The whole country is divided into six TV zones. At present, there are 45 TV stations, of which 13 are private cable TV and satellite relay stations. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. They are proud that there are more than 200 Nigerian professional football players playing in various countries in the world, including European leagues, Middle Eastern countries, Asia and America. Since 1994 first appeared in the World Cup in the United States, the innate football talent of Nigerian players has been affirmed by the world football.
In the 1994 and 1998 World Cups, the Nigerian Eagle was regarded as the hope and sustenance for the success of the African continent, but their best achievement was only through the first round. 20 14 World Cup in Brazil, Nigeria once again ranked among the top 16 after 16.
Well-known players include Laval, Yejini, Martins, Kanu, Okocha, amokachi and Mikel.
According to the Financial Standard, the global safety factor ranks 12 1 country, and Nigeria ranks 1 17, which is one of the most unsafe countries in Africa.
The global safety factor ranking refers to 24 indicators, including the number of soldiers who died abroad, the level of domestic violent criminal activities, and relations with neighboring countries. The main factors affecting Nigeria's ranking include: Niger Delta crisis, political murder, street gang conflict, armed robbery and other violent crimes, smuggling, election violence and so on.
Since February 24, 20 10, 10, bomb explosions or terrorist attacks have occurred in several cities in Nigeria, killing at least 80 people. 65438+February 3 1 Day and night, another explosion occurred in a downtown area of Abuja, the capital of Nepal. It is reported that dozens of people have been killed or injured. By the end of 20 14, the total length of Nigerian railways was more than 3,557 kilometers, and the whole country was unified as a monorail with a gauge of 1.067 meters. Nepal National Railway Company has 268 stations in 15 states. The daily running capacity of motor vehicles is 190 vehicles. However, due to years of disrepair, the operation ability is low. 1995, China civil engineering group co., ltd. signed an agreement with the Nigerian government to start the comprehensive restoration of the Nigerian railway system and improve the railway capacity. However, due to the decline in service quality, passenger flow has dropped sharply. In 2006, 5438+0, the passenger flow was only 1.3 million, and the profit dropped sharply. In August 2006, the Nigerian government announced that it would take 25 years to complete the railway modernization.
Prepare for coastal railway construction
(2014) On May 5th, China Civil Engineering Group, a subsidiary of China Railway Construction, signed a framework contract for the Nigerian coastal railway project with a total amount of1365,438+22 million USD, setting a new record for China's foreign contracted projects.
The relevant person in charge of China-Turkey Group said that on March 29, 20 10, the Nigerian Ministry of Communications officially sent a letter to China-Turkey Group, inviting China-Turkey Group to survey and design the coastal railway. After three years of hard work, China Turkey Group successfully signed a contract.
This project crosses the coastal area 10 state and the entire oil-producing area of Niger Delta. The total length of the line is converted into a single-track mileage of1.385km, which is the standard gauge with a design speed of1.20km, and there are 22 stations on the whole line.
Liu Zhiming, Chairman of China-Turkey Group, said that the project construction can drive China's equipment export, involving $3 billion to $4 billion in construction machinery, rolling stock, steel, mechanical and electrical products and so on. During the construction period, it can provide 50,000 direct employment opportunities, 6.5438+0.5 million indirect employment opportunities, and 20,000 to 30,000 permanent jobs during the operation period.
Relevant persons from the Nigerian side said that the project is a major part of the "interconnected" railway network of West African economies. After completion, it will greatly promote Nigeria's oil export, which is of great strategic significance for stimulating the whole West African economy and building coastal economic corridors. Nigerian Airlines is a state-owned airline, operating a number of domestic and international routes. However, due to poor management and serious losses, only one aircraft managed to maintain operation for a long time. In July 2005, the Nigerian government privatized it and renamed it Viking-Nigeria Airlines. Nigerian investors hold 5 1%, and British Virgin Atlantic Airlines holds 49%. The main force of the aviation industry is private airlines, which mainly operate domestic routes and a few international routes. In 2004, the passenger traffic of private airlines in Nigeria was 6.2 million, accounting for 96.4% of the total domestic passenger traffic. There are 24 foreign airlines operating in Nepal, and international routes are basically monopolized by these companies. There are 37 major airports in China, mainly located in federal capital territory and state capitals, among which 5 international airports are located in Lagos, Abuja, Kano, Halcott Port and Carabar. Nepal has signed aviation agreements with 65 international airlines.